Pub Date : 2018-10-08DOI: 10.1163/21540993-00902003
Kota Kariya
‘Uthmān b. Fūdī (d. 1817) launched a jihad in Hausaland in 1804 and was successful in establishing a strong polity known as the Sokoto Caliphate. During this jihad, the Sokoto leadership clashed not only with non-Muslims but also with those who had historically been recognized as Muslims, such as the inhabitants of Bornu, a state neighboring Hausaland. Islamic law does not, in principle, permit attacks on Muslims. Therefore, to justify the jihad, the hostile Muslims had to be branded unbelievers. For that, ‘Uthmān and his successor, Muḥammad Bello (d. 1837), developed and instituted a provision on apostasy based on the idea of muwālāt (friendship) with unbelievers. This stipulation emerged as a substantial regulation legalizing the violence committed by the Sokoto leaders on Muslims who were opposed to them both within and outside the early Caliphate.
' Uthmān b. Fūdī(生于1817年)于1804年在豪斯兰发动了圣战，并成功建立了一个强大的政体，即索科托哈里发。在这场圣战中，索科托领导人不仅与非穆斯林发生冲突，而且与那些历史上被认为是穆斯林的人发生冲突，例如与豪萨兰相邻的博尔努州的居民。原则上，伊斯兰法律不允许攻击穆斯林。因此，为了证明圣战的正当性，敌对的穆斯林必须被贴上不信仰者的标签。为此，Uthmān和他的继任者Muḥammad Bello(1837年)基于muwālāt(友谊)与不信者的概念，制定并制定了一项关于叛教的规定。这一规定成为一项实质性的规定，使索科托领导人对早期哈里发内外反对他们的穆斯林实施的暴力行为合法化。
{"title":"Muwālāt and Apostasy in the Early Sokoto Caliphate","authors":"Kota Kariya","doi":"10.1163/21540993-00902003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-00902003","url":null,"abstract":"‘Uthmān b. Fūdī (d. 1817) launched a jihad in Hausaland in 1804 and was successful in establishing a strong polity known as the Sokoto Caliphate. During this jihad, the Sokoto leadership clashed not only with non-Muslims but also with those who had historically been recognized as Muslims, such as the inhabitants of Bornu, a state neighboring Hausaland. Islamic law does not, in principle, permit attacks on Muslims. Therefore, to justify the jihad, the hostile Muslims had to be branded unbelievers. For that, ‘Uthmān and his successor, Muḥammad Bello (d. 1837), developed and instituted a provision on apostasy based on the idea of muwālāt (friendship) with unbelievers. This stipulation emerged as a substantial regulation legalizing the violence committed by the Sokoto leaders on Muslims who were opposed to them both within and outside the early Caliphate.","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76724896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-08DOI: 10.1163/21540993-00902001
A. Ibrahim
This article analyzes the impact of “modern” 1 education on Shari’a practice and authority in Mogadishu, Somalia. More specifically, the article looks at the influence of graduates from modern Islamic universities on the Shari’a court movement in Mogadishu. The Shari’a Courts of Mogadishu, as they are now known, began to emerge in the Somali capital after the disintegration of the previous regime in early 1991. The Courts were formed in various neighborhoods in the city at different times throughout the 1990s and early 2000s. They were organized and run by neighborhood religious authorities and traditional elders. The Courts were thus independent of each other. When the Courts began to unify starting in 2003, a new group of elites educated in modern Islamic universities played an important role in their unification. This article looks at the education and socialization of these elites and how their rise to power changed Shari’a practice and authority.
{"title":"Changing of the Guards: Politico-Religious Authority and Islamic Education in Mogadishu, Somalia","authors":"A. Ibrahim","doi":"10.1163/21540993-00902001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-00902001","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the impact of “modern”\u00001\u0000 education on Shari’a practice and authority in Mogadishu, Somalia. More specifically, the article looks at the influence of graduates from modern Islamic universities on the Shari’a court movement in Mogadishu. The Shari’a Courts of Mogadishu, as they are now known, began to emerge in the Somali capital after the disintegration of the previous regime in early 1991. The Courts were formed in various neighborhoods in the city at different times throughout the 1990s and early 2000s. They were organized and run by neighborhood religious authorities and traditional elders. The Courts were thus independent of each other. When the Courts began to unify starting in 2003, a new group of elites educated in modern Islamic universities played an important role in their unification. This article looks at the education and socialization of these elites and how their rise to power changed Shari’a practice and authority.","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87969501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-08DOI: 10.1163/21540993-00902007
Benedikt Pontzen
As an Islamic radio station, ZuriaFM stands as an exception in the heavily pentecostalized Ghanaian mediascape. In this essay, I locate this station in this mediascape and discuss the “Islamic sphere” it co-brings into being. Thereby, I complement the mainly Christian case studies of media, institutions, and actors in the Ghanaian public sphere with an Islamic one. ZuriaFM has emerged as a central platform for Muslims in the country, and has significantly (re-)shaped this “Islamic sphere” by introducing new styles of preaching, preacher figures, and opening topics for debate. In this sense, I by and large agree with the prevailing “transformation thesis” in the literature on “modern” media and “Islamic spheres” which stresses the fragmentation and liberalization of debates and authority. However, ZuriaFM could also be perceived as contributing to a unification of Islamic standards, which calls into question the one-sided stressing of fragmentation and liberalization of the “transformation thesis”.
{"title":"“Caring for the People”: ZuriaFM – An Islamic Radio Station in Asante, Ghana","authors":"Benedikt Pontzen","doi":"10.1163/21540993-00902007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-00902007","url":null,"abstract":"As an Islamic radio station, ZuriaFM stands as an exception in the heavily pentecostalized Ghanaian mediascape. In this essay, I locate this station in this mediascape and discuss the “Islamic sphere” it co-brings into being. Thereby, I complement the mainly Christian case studies of media, institutions, and actors in the Ghanaian public sphere with an Islamic one. ZuriaFM has emerged as a central platform for Muslims in the country, and has significantly (re-)shaped this “Islamic sphere” by introducing new styles of preaching, preacher figures, and opening topics for debate. In this sense, I by and large agree with the prevailing “transformation thesis” in the literature on “modern” media and “Islamic spheres” which stresses the fragmentation and liberalization of debates and authority. However, ZuriaFM could also be perceived as contributing to a unification of Islamic standards, which calls into question the one-sided stressing of fragmentation and liberalization of the “transformation thesis”.","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81498805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-08DOI: 10.1163/21540993-00902005
Hiénin Ali Diakité
{"title":"An Inventory of Arabic Manuscripts from Dalla, Central Mali (1800–1980s)","authors":"Hiénin Ali Diakité","doi":"10.1163/21540993-00902005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-00902005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85900837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-08DOI: 10.1163/21540993-00902002
T. Sitoto
What does it mean to be forever framed as a Muslim cultural “Other”? And what kind of epistemic closure does such framing imply? The little that is written (academic and popular) about the Black African Muslim experience and encounter with Islam in South Africa often entraps this sector within the theme of “conversion to Islam”. This essay examines, therefore, the following question: to what extent does the theme and “narrative of conversion” perform a sort of racial coding that unintentionally writes off Black African Muslim identity as less authentic and therefore not fully Muslim? Taking as its data the available literature on the Black African Muslim sector, limited as it is, as well as selected pieces by a Black African Muslim writer and poet, the essay posits a reading that is attentive to Black African Muslim self-understanding, subjectivities and sense of self beyond the moment of conversion.
{"title":"Scripting Black African Muslim Presence in South African Islam: A Quest for Self-understanding beyond the Moment of Conversion","authors":"T. Sitoto","doi":"10.1163/21540993-00902002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-00902002","url":null,"abstract":"What does it mean to be forever framed as a Muslim cultural “Other”? And what kind of epistemic closure does such framing imply? The little that is written (academic and popular) about the Black African Muslim experience and encounter with Islam in South Africa often entraps this sector within the theme of “conversion to Islam”. This essay examines, therefore, the following question: to what extent does the theme and “narrative of conversion” perform a sort of racial coding that unintentionally writes off Black African Muslim identity as less authentic and therefore not fully Muslim? Taking as its data the available literature on the Black African Muslim sector, limited as it is, as well as selected pieces by a Black African Muslim writer and poet, the essay posits a reading that is attentive to Black African Muslim self-understanding, subjectivities and sense of self beyond the moment of conversion.","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87645983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-08DOI: 10.1163/21540993-00902004
Joseph Hill
{"title":"Foundational Scholars of Islam in Africa: An Interview with Professor Louis Brenner","authors":"Joseph Hill","doi":"10.1163/21540993-00902004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-00902004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"404 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75752206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-08DOI: 10.1163/21540993-00902006
G. Krätli
{"title":"The Arts and Crafts of Literacy: Islamic Manuscript Cultures in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by Andrea Brigaglia and Mauro Nobili","authors":"G. Krätli","doi":"10.1163/21540993-00902006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-00902006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86123684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-07DOI: 10.1163/21540993-00901005
Zachary Wright
The eighteenth century witnessed a flurry of Islamic scholarly exchange, connecting North and West Africa to the Middle East and even India. The Islamic sciences transmitted through these networks have had lasting resonance in Africa, particularly in chains transmitting Ḥadīth and Sufi affiliations. Academics have been justly skeptical as to the actual content of these often short meetings between scholars, suggesting such meetings tell us little about shared scholarly understandings. Study of unpublished manuscripts detailing the acquisition of “secrets” ( asrār ), apparently widespread in these eighteenth-century networks, can add new understanding to the affinities between scholarly legacies emerging in the period. This paper considers such questions in relationship to Aḥmad al-Tijānī (d. 1815, Fez), the founder of the Tijāniyya Sufi order prominent in West Africa today.
{"title":"Secrets on the Muhammadan Way: Transmission of the Esoteric Sciences in 18th Century Scholarly Networks","authors":"Zachary Wright","doi":"10.1163/21540993-00901005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-00901005","url":null,"abstract":"The eighteenth century witnessed a flurry of Islamic scholarly exchange, connecting North and West Africa to the Middle East and even India. The Islamic sciences transmitted through these networks have had lasting resonance in Africa, particularly in chains transmitting Ḥadīth and Sufi affiliations. Academics have been justly skeptical as to the actual content of these often short meetings between scholars, suggesting such meetings tell us little about shared scholarly understandings. Study of unpublished manuscripts detailing the acquisition of “secrets” ( asrār ), apparently widespread in these eighteenth-century networks, can add new understanding to the affinities between scholarly legacies emerging in the period. This paper considers such questions in relationship to Aḥmad al-Tijānī (d. 1815, Fez), the founder of the Tijāniyya Sufi order prominent in West Africa today.","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"16 1","pages":"77-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78706187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-07DOI: 10.1163/21540993-00901009
Dorthea Schulz
{"title":"Muslim women in postcolonial Kenya , written by Ousseina D. Alidou","authors":"Dorthea Schulz","doi":"10.1163/21540993-00901009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-00901009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"9 1","pages":"123-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80804444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-07DOI: 10.1163/21540993-00901010
K. Vikør
{"title":"Beyond Timbuktu. An intellectual history of Muslim West Africa, written by Ousmane Oumar Kane","authors":"K. Vikør","doi":"10.1163/21540993-00901010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21540993-00901010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41507,"journal":{"name":"Islamic Africa","volume":"75 1","pages":"127-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76080006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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