Pub Date : 2016-05-24DOI: 10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262517
Ashok S. Chauhan, Le Zhao, J. Paton, A. Nogaret
We report on a hCPG device, which is a network of silicon neurons, and its applications to cardiorespiratory therapy. We study the chaotic dynamics of neurons that compete through mutually inhibitory synapses and demonstrate the emergence of multistable behavior. We were able to select the spatio-temporal sequences associated with stable modes of oscillation by imparting different initial conditions with timed current steps mimicking delayed stimuli. We constructed the phase lag maps of the hCPG for various connectivities of the network. We also describe a simpler two neuron hCPG which generates a two-phase rhythmic pattern for vagus nerve stimulation and modulation of heart rate by respiration to obtain artificial respiratory sinus-arrhythmia (RSA).
{"title":"Bio-inspired Hardware Central Pattern Generator (hCPG) as a Therapy for Cardiorespiratory Disease","authors":"Ashok S. Chauhan, Le Zhao, J. Paton, A. Nogaret","doi":"10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262517","url":null,"abstract":"We report on a hCPG device, which is a network of silicon neurons, and its applications to cardiorespiratory therapy. We study the chaotic dynamics of neurons that compete through mutually inhibitory synapses and demonstrate the emergence of multistable behavior. We were able to select the spatio-temporal sequences associated with stable modes of oscillation by imparting different initial conditions with timed current steps mimicking delayed stimuli. We constructed the phase lag maps of the hCPG for various connectivities of the network. We also describe a simpler two neuron hCPG which generates a two-phase rhythmic pattern for vagus nerve stimulation and modulation of heart rate by respiration to obtain artificial respiratory sinus-arrhythmia (RSA).","PeriodicalId":415083,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Bio-inspired Information and Communications Technologies","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126687532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-24DOI: 10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262461
Kosuke Nishihara, Norihiko Taya, Toshiyuki Kanoh
Characteristics of Ultra-large Scale, Ultra-high Autonomy, and Ultra-low Power are required for the system which is necessary to solve social problems we will face in the future. In order to realize them, we focused on the mechanism of brain which features excellent scalability, environmental adaptability, and power-saving ability. In this paper, we consider about the new computing architecture, Brain Inspired Computing, which is based upon the brain mechanism.
{"title":"A Consideration of Realizing the Brain Inspired Computer","authors":"Kosuke Nishihara, Norihiko Taya, Toshiyuki Kanoh","doi":"10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262461","url":null,"abstract":"Characteristics of Ultra-large Scale, Ultra-high Autonomy, and Ultra-low Power are required for the system which is necessary to solve social problems we will face in the future. In order to realize them, we focused on the mechanism of brain which features excellent scalability, environmental adaptability, and power-saving ability. In this paper, we consider about the new computing architecture, Brain Inspired Computing, which is based upon the brain mechanism.","PeriodicalId":415083,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Bio-inspired Information and Communications Technologies","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133346746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-24DOI: 10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262400
T. Sawada, A. Petrov
The divisive normalization model [Heeger, 1992] accounts successfully for a wide range of phenomena observed in single-cell physiological recordings from neurons in primary visual cortex (V1). Using mathematical analyses and simulation experiments, we investigated the role of the maintained-discharge (base firing rate) parameter in this model. We developed an implementation that can take grayscale images as inputs and applied it to the types of visual stimuli used in a comprehensive suite of published physiological studies. We found that three empirical phenomena are closely associated with the maintained-discharge parameter: (A) the existence of inhibitory regions in the receptive fields of simple cells in V1, (B) the supersaturation effect in the contrast sensitivity curves, and (C) the narrowing/widening of the spatial-frequency tuning curves when the stimulus contrast decreases. The model predicts two patterns of these phenomena: One possibility is that a neuron can show A, B, and widening (C); the other possibility is to show not-A, not-B, and narrowing (C). This interdependence is a potentially falsifiable prediction of the divisive normalization model.
{"title":"A Study of the Role of the Maintained-Discharge Parameter in the Divisive Normalization Model of V1 Neurons","authors":"T. Sawada, A. Petrov","doi":"10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262400","url":null,"abstract":"The divisive normalization model [Heeger, 1992] accounts successfully for a wide range of phenomena observed in single-cell physiological recordings from neurons in primary visual cortex (V1). Using mathematical analyses and simulation experiments, we investigated the role of the maintained-discharge (base firing rate) parameter in this model. We developed an implementation that can take grayscale images as inputs and applied it to the types of visual stimuli used in a comprehensive suite of published physiological studies. We found that three empirical phenomena are closely associated with the maintained-discharge parameter: (A) the existence of inhibitory regions in the receptive fields of simple cells in V1, (B) the supersaturation effect in the contrast sensitivity curves, and (C) the narrowing/widening of the spatial-frequency tuning curves when the stimulus contrast decreases. The model predicts two patterns of these phenomena: One possibility is that a neuron can show A, B, and widening (C); the other possibility is to show not-A, not-B, and narrowing (C). This interdependence is a potentially falsifiable prediction of the divisive normalization model.","PeriodicalId":415083,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Bio-inspired Information and Communications Technologies","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131827189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-24DOI: 10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262431
Nela Cicmil, A. Parker, K. Krug
We measured the variance/mean (v/m) ratio of neuronal firing rates in visual areas V1, V2 and V5/MT in response to correlated and anti-correlated random dot stereograms. Disparity-selective neurons in early visual areas V1 and V2 showed no significant difference in v/m ratios to the two types of stereo-stimuli, but neurons in area V5/MT had a significantly greater v/m ratio for anti-correlated compared to correlated stimuli. These results demonstrate that neurons in a visual area higher in the cortical hierarchy have a greater response variability to anti-correlated stimuli, which do not give rise to a coherent stereo percept. A recurrent cortical network including V5/MT that quenches neural variability may contribute to solving the stereo correspondence problem.
{"title":"Changes in variance of neuronal signals may be perceptually relevant for stereo vision","authors":"Nela Cicmil, A. Parker, K. Krug","doi":"10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262431","url":null,"abstract":"We measured the variance/mean (v/m) ratio of neuronal firing rates in visual areas V1, V2 and V5/MT in response to correlated and anti-correlated random dot stereograms. Disparity-selective neurons in early visual areas V1 and V2 showed no significant difference in v/m ratios to the two types of stereo-stimuli, but neurons in area V5/MT had a significantly greater v/m ratio for anti-correlated compared to correlated stimuli. These results demonstrate that neurons in a visual area higher in the cortical hierarchy have a greater response variability to anti-correlated stimuli, which do not give rise to a coherent stereo percept. A recurrent cortical network including V5/MT that quenches neural variability may contribute to solving the stereo correspondence problem.","PeriodicalId":415083,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Bio-inspired Information and Communications Technologies","volume":"47 97","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114058209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-24DOI: 10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262549
A. M. Kwon, D. Ren, Ming Ouyang, N. Garbett
Differential scanning calorimetry is an emerging technique with an attempt to characterize a subject's disease status according to heat capacity profiles, which are called thermograms. However, thermograms exhibit large shape variations, and the sample size is typically small. Therefore, it is important to extract robust characterization of thermograms representing the clinical status for further study. The current study identifies the representative heat capacity profiles from functional principle components which are derived from the bootstrap distribution of the deepest heat capacity function according to the functional data depth, instead of the original thermogram data set. 71 thermograms are obtained from two groups (healthy, cervical carcinoma), and functional PCA are conducted with the original thermogram data set and the bootstrap data set of the deepest heat capacity functions. Examining the first three PCs of the two groups between the two data sets, the bootstrap data set shows more distinctive difference in modes of variation between the two groups in comparison with the original thermogram data set, and the representative heat profiles are reconstructed with the PCs which are derived from the bootstrap sample sets. 90% confidence intervals of the representative heat profiles can be directly obtained from the same bootstrap set.
{"title":"Robust Functional Profile Identification for DSC Thermograms","authors":"A. M. Kwon, D. Ren, Ming Ouyang, N. Garbett","doi":"10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262549","url":null,"abstract":"Differential scanning calorimetry is an emerging technique with an attempt to characterize a subject's disease status according to heat capacity profiles, which are called thermograms. However, thermograms exhibit large shape variations, and the sample size is typically small. Therefore, it is important to extract robust characterization of thermograms representing the clinical status for further study. The current study identifies the representative heat capacity profiles from functional principle components which are derived from the bootstrap distribution of the deepest heat capacity function according to the functional data depth, instead of the original thermogram data set. 71 thermograms are obtained from two groups (healthy, cervical carcinoma), and functional PCA are conducted with the original thermogram data set and the bootstrap data set of the deepest heat capacity functions. Examining the first three PCs of the two groups between the two data sets, the bootstrap data set shows more distinctive difference in modes of variation between the two groups in comparison with the original thermogram data set, and the representative heat profiles are reconstructed with the PCs which are derived from the bootstrap sample sets. 90% confidence intervals of the representative heat profiles can be directly obtained from the same bootstrap set.","PeriodicalId":415083,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Bio-inspired Information and Communications Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122796509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-24DOI: 10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262428
Dylan M. Paiton, Sheng Y. Lundquist, William Shainin, Xinhua Zhang, Peter F. Schultz, Garrett T. Kenyon
Sparse coding methods have been used to study how hierarchically organized representations in the visual cortex can be learned from unlabeled natural images. Here, we describe a novel Deconvolutional Competitive Algorithm (DCA), which explicitly learns non-redundant hierarchical representations by enabling competition both within and between sparse coding layers. All layers in a DCA are trained simultaneously and all layers contribute to a single image reconstruction. Because the entire hierarchy in a DCA comprises a single dictionary, there is no need for dimensionality reduction between layers, such as MAX pooling. We show that a 3-layer DCA trained on short video clips exhibits a clear segregation of image content, with features in the top layer reconstructing large-scale structures while features in the middle and bottom layers reconstruct progressively finer details. Compared to lower levels, the representations at higher levels are more invariant to the small image transformations between consecutive video frames recorded from hand-held cameras. The representation at all three hierarchical levels combine synergistically in a whole image classification task. Consistent with psychophysical studies and electrophysiological experiments, broad, low-spatial resolution image content was generated first, primarily based on sparse representations in the highest layer, with fine spatial details being filled in later, based on representations from lower hierarchical levels.
{"title":"A Deconvolutional Competitive Algorithm for Building Sparse Hierarchical Representations","authors":"Dylan M. Paiton, Sheng Y. Lundquist, William Shainin, Xinhua Zhang, Peter F. Schultz, Garrett T. Kenyon","doi":"10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262428","url":null,"abstract":"Sparse coding methods have been used to study how hierarchically organized representations in the visual cortex can be learned from unlabeled natural images. Here, we describe a novel Deconvolutional Competitive Algorithm (DCA), which explicitly learns non-redundant hierarchical representations by enabling competition both within and between sparse coding layers. All layers in a DCA are trained simultaneously and all layers contribute to a single image reconstruction. Because the entire hierarchy in a DCA comprises a single dictionary, there is no need for dimensionality reduction between layers, such as MAX pooling. We show that a 3-layer DCA trained on short video clips exhibits a clear segregation of image content, with features in the top layer reconstructing large-scale structures while features in the middle and bottom layers reconstruct progressively finer details. Compared to lower levels, the representations at higher levels are more invariant to the small image transformations between consecutive video frames recorded from hand-held cameras. The representation at all three hierarchical levels combine synergistically in a whole image classification task. Consistent with psychophysical studies and electrophysiological experiments, broad, low-spatial resolution image content was generated first, primarily based on sparse representations in the highest layer, with fine spatial details being filled in later, based on representations from lower hierarchical levels.","PeriodicalId":415083,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Bio-inspired Information and Communications Technologies","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124570134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-24DOI: 10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262514
M. Bodi, M. Szopek, Payam Zahadat, T. Schmickl
Natural self-organising collective systems like social insect societies are often used as a source of inspiration for robotic applications. In return, developing such self-organising robotic systems can lead to a better understanding of natural collective systems. By unifying the communication channels of the natural and artificial agents these two collective systems can be merged into one bio-hybrid society. In this work we demonstrate the feasibility of such a bio-hybid society by introducing a simple one-dimensional model. A set of patches forms a one-dimensional arena, each patch represents a stationary robot, which is controlled by an AHHS (Artificial Homeostatic Hormone System) control software. The stationary robots are able to produce different types of environmental stimuli. Simulated bees react diversely to the different stimuli types. An evolutionary computation algorithm changes the properties of the AHHS and defines the interactions between the robots and their properties of stimuli emission. The task is an aggregation of simulated bees at a predefined aggregation spot. We demonstrate that an evolved AHHS is a very feasible tool for controlling these stationary robots. Furthermore we show that an AHHS even works robustly in different setups and dynamic environments even though the controller was not specially evolved for these purposes.
{"title":"Evolving Mixed Societies: A one-dimensional modelling approach","authors":"M. Bodi, M. Szopek, Payam Zahadat, T. Schmickl","doi":"10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262514","url":null,"abstract":"Natural self-organising collective systems like social insect societies are often used as a source of inspiration for robotic applications. In return, developing such self-organising robotic systems can lead to a better understanding of natural collective systems. By unifying the communication channels of the natural and artificial agents these two collective systems can be merged into one bio-hybrid society. In this work we demonstrate the feasibility of such a bio-hybid society by introducing a simple one-dimensional model. A set of patches forms a one-dimensional arena, each patch represents a stationary robot, which is controlled by an AHHS (Artificial Homeostatic Hormone System) control software. The stationary robots are able to produce different types of environmental stimuli. Simulated bees react diversely to the different stimuli types. An evolutionary computation algorithm changes the properties of the AHHS and defines the interactions between the robots and their properties of stimuli emission. The task is an aggregation of simulated bees at a predefined aggregation spot. We demonstrate that an evolved AHHS is a very feasible tool for controlling these stationary robots. Furthermore we show that an AHHS even works robustly in different setups and dynamic environments even though the controller was not specially evolved for these purposes.","PeriodicalId":415083,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Bio-inspired Information and Communications Technologies","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129327505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-24DOI: 10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262456
R. Guy, Owen L. Lewis, Shun Zhang, J. C. Álamo
{"title":"Coordination of Contractility, Adhesion and Flow in Migrating Physarum Amoebae : Experiments and Modeling","authors":"R. Guy, Owen L. Lewis, Shun Zhang, J. C. Álamo","doi":"10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262456","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":415083,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Bio-inspired Information and Communications Technologies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124939999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-24DOI: 10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262501
T. Nakagaki
A kind of huge amoeboid organism named {¥it Physarum} plasmodium constructs a intricate network of veins for circulating nutrients and signals over the entire body. The network shape is drastically re-organized within an hour in response to external conditions. We may extract an algorithm for optimal design of functional network from the primitive organism.
{"title":"Adaptive dynamics for shape optimization inspired by the use-and-growth rule in a simple organism of slime mold","authors":"T. Nakagaki","doi":"10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262501","url":null,"abstract":"A kind of huge amoeboid organism named {¥it Physarum} plasmodium constructs a intricate network of veins for circulating nutrients and signals over the entire body. The network shape is drastically re-organized within an hour in response to external conditions. We may extract an algorithm for optimal design of functional network from the primitive organism.","PeriodicalId":415083,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Bio-inspired Information and Communications Technologies","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131273290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-24DOI: 10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262457
J. Horáček, V. Koucký, M. Hladík
In our talk we would like to introduce a new approach to handling of clinical data obtained during children lung function testing. We focus on multiple breath inert gas washout test (MBW) which is a new and promising method. We combine traditional approaches with unconventional methods of interval analysis. That helps us to develop new robust algorithms not suffering from typical drawbacks of classical methods. These algorithms enable further processing of the clinical data extrapolation, prediction, regression, checking validity of measurement.
{"title":"Children Lung Function Diagnostics - New Methods For Handling of Clinical Data","authors":"J. Horáček, V. Koucký, M. Hladík","doi":"10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4108/EAI.3-12-2015.2262457","url":null,"abstract":"In our talk we would like to introduce a new approach to \u0000 \u0000handling of clinical data obtained during children lung function testing. We focus on multiple breath inert gas washout \u0000 \u0000test (MBW) which is a new and promising method. We \u0000 \u0000combine traditional approaches with unconventional methods of interval analysis. That helps us to develop new robust \u0000 \u0000algorithms not suffering from typical drawbacks of classical \u0000 \u0000methods. These algorithms enable further processing of the \u0000 \u0000clinical data extrapolation, prediction, regression, checking validity of measurement.","PeriodicalId":415083,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Bio-inspired Information and Communications Technologies","volume":"18 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125619485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：