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Context-Considered Leadership Development: Quasi-Experiment in a Russian Mining Company 情境考虑的领导力发展:在俄罗斯矿业公司的准实验
Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.28992/ijsam.v6i2.663
Marina Kravtsuk
Scholars argued that leadership development approaches should be deeply contextualized and explain how to develop leadership. This article aimed to answer a research question: how to develop leadership in the context of a Russian mining organization. For that purpose, a quasi-experiment using a pre-and post-intervention was conducted in a Russian mining organization by an immersed researcher. Multiple levels of management were involved. Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire was used as a major measurement tool for leadership styles and effectiveness that had objective criteria. The results indicate that the leadership development was driven by the executives and mirrored by middle managers and supervisors. A cascade of frequency of utilization of leadership styles was observed, which led to an increase in effectiveness. Generally, the intervention caused statistically significant changes with low-to-large effect sizes. To the best of the author’s knowledge, no similar studies were conducted with the reported level of contextualization and details, allowing us to expand the body of knowledge and provide guidance for the practice of leadership development. The study limitations include the following: research was conducted in a real-life context and could be difficult to repeat. The author acted as an associate of the managers, and effectiveness measures transactional outcomes.
学者们认为,领导力发展方法应该深入情境化,并解释如何发展领导力。本文旨在回答一个研究问题:如何在俄罗斯矿业组织的背景下发展领导力。为此目的,在俄罗斯一家采矿组织中,由一名浸入式研究人员进行了一项准实验,使用了前后干预。涉及多个层次的管理。多因素领导问卷是衡量领导风格和领导效能的主要工具,具有客观的标准。结果表明,领导能力的发展是由高管推动的,并反映在中层管理人员和主管身上。我们观察到领导风格的使用频率呈级联,这导致了效率的提高。一般来说,干预引起了从低到大的效应量的统计学显著变化。据作者所知,没有类似的研究与报道的情境化和细节水平,使我们能够扩大知识体系,并为领导力发展的实践提供指导。这项研究的局限性包括:研究是在现实生活中进行的,很难重复。作者作为管理者的助手,有效性度量交易结果。
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引用次数: 0
Board Gender Diversity and Firm Performance: Evidence from Family-Owned Firms in India 董事会性别多样性与企业绩效:来自印度家族企业的证据
Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.28992/ijsam.v6i2.595
Rupjyoti Saha, S. G. Maji
This study investigates the impact of board gender diversity (BGD) on firm performance (FP) for family-owned Indian firms. To do so, this study selects a sample of the 75 top-listed family-owned firms for a period of 5 years. For empirical analysis, the study used appropriate panel data models. For robustness, the three-stage least square (3SLS) model was used. The findings obtained from panel data models reveal a significant positive impact of BGD in terms of its different measures on FP after controlling corporate governance and firm-specific characteristics. Such results are further substantiated through the 3SLS model. This study provides novel evidence on the impact of BGD in terms of its diverse constructive measures on FP for family-owned firms in the Indian context, thereby extending the ongoing debate about the outcomes of the mandatory gender quota on board for an emerging market.
本研究调查了董事会性别多样性(BGD)对印度家族企业绩效(FP)的影响。为了做到这一点,本研究选取了75家顶级上市家族企业的样本,为期5年。为了进行实证分析,该研究使用了适当的面板数据模型。为了鲁棒性,使用了三阶段最小二乘(3SLS)模型。从面板数据模型中获得的结果表明,在控制公司治理和公司特定特征后,BGD对FP的不同措施产生了显著的积极影响。通过3SLS模型进一步证实了这些结果。这项研究为BGD在印度背景下对家族企业FP的不同建设性措施的影响提供了新的证据,从而扩大了关于新兴市场董事会强制性性别配额结果的持续辩论。
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引用次数: 0
Environmental Reporting Practices in an Emerging Economy 新兴经济体的环境报告实践
Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.28992/ijsam.v6i2.577
S. Islam, S. Z. Hossain
The study aimed to recognize the environmental awareness of corporate entities by exploring the extent of their associated information reporting practices. The study also strived to learn the notable board characteristics that transform the environmental reporting practices of the listed companies in an emerging market economy. This quantitative study was based on annual reports of randomly selected 100 manufacturing companies listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange. The research used a self-developed disclosure index linked to the environment to collect data for the study. The study revealed that the extent of average environmental reporting practices by the sampled companies was too low, which was only 14.48% of the disclosure index developed for this study. Moreover, 4% of the selected companies did not disclose any environmental information in their annual report for the fiscal year 2018–2019 . The most disclosed theme was the concern for the general environment, whereas the lowest was the environmental performance, which was between 25.83% and 6.2%. The study documented that no other board characteristics were highly significant and could positively explain the extent of corporate environmental reporting practices in Bangladesh, only the willingness to disclose by the board.
该研究旨在通过探索公司实体相关信息报告实践的程度来认识其环境意识。本研究亦力求了解在新兴市场经济中,改变上市公司环境报告实务的显著董事会特征。这项定量研究是基于随机选择的100家在达卡证券交易所上市的制造公司的年度报告。该研究使用了一个自主开发的与环境相关的信息披露指数来收集研究数据。研究发现,样本公司的平均环境报告实践程度过低,仅为本研究开发的披露指数的14.48%。此外,4%的入选公司在2018-2019财年的年度报告中未披露任何环境信息。披露最多的主题是对一般环境的关注,而最低的主题是环境绩效,占25.83%至6.2%之间。该研究表明,除了董事会披露的意愿外,没有其他董事会特征是非常重要的,可以积极解释孟加拉国公司环境报告实践的程度。
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引用次数: 0
Auditors’ Perspective of Audit Quality during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the United Arab Emirates 新冠肺炎疫情期间审计质量的审计视角——来自阿拉伯联合酋长国的证据
Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.28992/ijsam.v6i2.623
R. Grassa, Ibrahim Obaidallah, Mouna Hamza
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, external auditors have faced unforeseen logistical challenges as they had to audit financial statements remotely. Definitively, the new circumstances had various impacts on audit quality. This study explores the effect of social distancing owing to the COVID-19 outbreak on the quality of financial audits in the United Arab Emirates. To this end, we conducted 11 semi-structured interviews with audit partners and directors from BIG 4 audit firms. The findings from the content analysis of these interviews show that during the pandemic, external auditors faced different challenges in maintaining the quality of financial audits. Indeed, the lockdown imposed by the pandemic has largely affected materiality and risk assessments, audit procedures and collection of evidence, and auditors’ performance and efficiency efforts. It also increased cyber risk. These conclusions stress the importance of investing in blockchain and artificial intelligence to resolve similar challenges in the future. Blockchain technology would, in fact, be an ultimate solution in similar circumstances as it permits enhancing the efficiency and adaptability of communication between auditors and auditee firms, which can in turn promote the quality of the financial reporting and audit.
在2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行期间,外部审计人员面临着无法预见的后勤挑战,因为他们必须远程审计财务报表。当然,新形势对审计质量产生了各种影响。本研究探讨了2019冠状病毒病疫情导致的社会距离对阿拉伯联合酋长国财务审计质量的影响。为此,我们对四大审计事务所的审计合伙人和董事进行了11次半结构化访谈。这些访谈内容分析的结果表明,在大流行病期间,外聘审计员在保持财务审计质量方面面临着不同的挑战。事实上,疫情造成的封锁在很大程度上影响了重要性和风险评估、审计程序和证据收集,以及审计人员的绩效和效率工作。这也增加了网络风险。这些结论强调了投资区块链和人工智能以解决未来类似挑战的重要性。区块链技术实际上是类似情况下的最终解决方案,因为它可以提高审计师和被审计公司之间沟通的效率和适应性,从而提高财务报告和审计的质量。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Attributions on Consumer Response to CSR Efforts with Consumer Trust as the Moderator 归因对消费者对企业社会责任努力反应的影响——以消费者信任为调节因子
Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.28992/ijsam.v6i2.522
Samuel Dio Gyver, SeTin SeTin
This study aims to examine the effect of other and self-serving attributions on the consumer response to corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts with consumer trust as the moderator. This study also examines the differences in perceptions between men and women in assessing the motives of CSR efforts. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 122 students at a private university in Bandung. Multiple linear regression, independent simple T-Test, and F test were used for data analysis. Results prove that other-serving attributions have a positive effect on consumer response to CSR efforts. Meanwhile, self-serving attributions have a negative effect on consumer response to CSR efforts. When moderated by consumer trust in the firm, other-serving attributions will increase the consumer response to CSR efforts, whereas self-serving attributions will further reduce the consumer response to CSR efforts. Differences in perceptions are found between men and women regarding the consumer response to CSR efforts. This study implies that the development of CSR efforts needs to consider attributions and consumer trust in the firm.
本研究旨在以消费者信任为调节因子,检验其他和自我服务归因对消费者对企业社会责任(CSR)努力的反应的影响。本研究还考察了男性和女性在评估企业社会责任努力动机方面的认知差异。数据是通过对万隆一所私立大学122名学生的问卷调查收集的。数据分析采用多元线性回归、独立简单T检验和F检验。结果证明,其他服务归因对消费者对企业社会责任努力的反应有积极影响。同时,自我服务归因对消费者对企业社会责任努力的反应具有负面影响。当受到消费者对公司信任的调节时,其他服务归因将增加消费者对企业社会责任努力的反应,而自我服务归因将进一步降低消费者对企业企业社会责任的反应。在消费者对企业社会责任努力的反应方面,男性和女性的看法存在差异。这项研究表明,企业社会责任努力的发展需要考虑归因和消费者对企业的信任。
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引用次数: 0
Corporate Social Responsibility and Reputation: A Study on Top 100 Companies Operating in India 企业社会责任与声誉:印度百强企业研究
Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.28992/ijsam.v6i2.407
Loopamudra Baruah, N. Panda
The corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance of a company enhances a company’s credibility, thereby influencing the perception of its stakeholders in improving the corporate reputation of a company. This study examines this claim by empirically investigating the CSR performance of India’s top 100 companies and its impact on their reputational status. We have employed the panel-corrected standard error model by controlling companies’ financial performance, size, age, and market risk to analyze the impact of CSR performance on reputation. The result of the analysis is contradictory to the common belief that CSR positively impacts reputation building. Although this study is not novel in nature, it is incremental to the current literature as this study is conducted from an Indian perspective (where no study has been conducted as per our knowledge). This study uses data that are more objective and concrete than those of previous studies, making this study another valuable addition to the extant literature as it is an improvement over the previous study.
企业社会责任(CSR)绩效提高了企业的信誉度,进而影响利益相关者对企业的看法,从而提高企业的声誉。本研究通过实证调查印度百强企业的企业社会责任表现及其对其声誉地位的影响来检验这一说法。我们通过控制公司的财务绩效、规模、年龄和市场风险,采用面板修正的标准误差模型来分析企业社会责任绩效对声誉的影响。分析的结果与企业社会责任对声誉建设有积极影响的普遍观点相矛盾。虽然这项研究本质上并不新颖,但它是对当前文献的补充,因为这项研究是从印度的角度进行的(据我们所知,印度还没有进行过研究)。本研究使用的数据比以往的研究更加客观和具体,是对现有文献的又一有价值的补充,是对以往研究的改进。
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引用次数: 0
Role of Country Governance for Improved Environmental Performance 国家治理对改善环境绩效的作用
Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.28992/ijsam.v6i2.574
T. Ong, Wei Ni Soh, Chee Leong Tan, B. Teh, Tze Chin Ong
Environmental issues are gaining significant attention at the organizational and country levels because of the growing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. This study aimed to examine the relationship between country governance (CG) and environmental protection (EP) at the country level. In addition, the study further examined the outcome of EP in developing and developed countries. Neoliberal environmental governance theory was used as an underpinning theory. The data for CG were obtained from the Worldwide Governance Indicators and Environmental Performance Index for the period between 2006 and 2016. Two control variables, namely, Primary School Enrollment and Country Population, were also considered. The panel regression model was used for data analysis. The findings revealed that CG had a significant relationship with EP. Considering that governments have the power to foster governance practices, companies are prompted to enhance their governance performance, invariably leading to greater engagement in sustainability by improving their regulatory environment and enforcement mechanisms. The findings of the study will assist policymakers and decision-makers in setting priorities for the government to achieve sustainable development goals.
由于日益严重的污染和温室气体排放,环境问题在组织和国家一级得到了极大的重视。本研究旨在探讨国家治理(CG)与环境保护(EP)之间的关系。此外,该研究还进一步考察了发展中国家和发达国家的EP结果。新自由主义环境治理理论被用作基础理论。CG的数据来自2006年至2016年期间的全球治理指标和环境绩效指数。两个控制变量,即小学入学率和国家人口,也被考虑。采用面板回归模型进行数据分析。结果显示,CG与EP有显著的关系。考虑到政府有权力促进治理实践,公司就会被促使提高其治理绩效,通过改善监管环境和执行机制,必然会导致更大程度地参与可持续性。这项研究的结果将有助于政策制定者和决策者为政府制定优先事项,以实现可持续发展目标。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of CEO Duality and Board Characteristics on the Choice of Sustainability Report Format of Listed Firms in India CEO二元性和董事会特征对印度上市公司可持续发展报告格式选择的影响
Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.28992/ijsam.v6i2.666
K. Oware
Stakeholders have raised concerns about how business operations affect the environment. Firms have responded through integrated reporting (financial and non-financial), which seeks to provide additional information about firm activities to improve stakeholders’ trust. This study examines the effect of chief executive officer (CEO) duality and board characteristics on the choice of the sustainability report format in India. The study uses an inclusive sample of 800 firm-year observations between 2010 and 2019. The study applies the binary probit to analyze the data from the Indian Stock Exchange. We find that CEO duality increases the likelihood of choosing integrated reporting over stand-alone sustainability reporting. This study suggests that the combined role leads to poor governance and contributes to a choice that presents less information to stakeholders. The second finding shows that independent directors are more likely to choose stand-alone reporting over integrated reporting. The study suggests that the internal policing responsibility of independent directors supports a report format that communicates more information to stakeholders. Finally, the total number of directors is insignificant in terms of the sustainability report format. Our study adds novelty to research because previous studies have only examined CEO and sustainability. However, this study is the first to investigate CEO duality and board characteristics in the choice of a sustainability report format.
利益相关者对商业运营如何影响环境表示担忧。公司通过综合报告(财务和非财务)做出回应,该报告旨在提供有关公司活动的额外信息,以提高利益相关者的信任。本研究考察了首席执行官(CEO)的双重性和董事会特征对印度可持续发展报告格式选择的影响。该研究使用了2010年至2019年间800个公司年度观测的包容性样本。该研究应用二进制probit来分析来自印度证券交易所的数据。我们发现,CEO的双重性增加了选择综合报告而非独立可持续性报告的可能性。这项研究表明,综合作用会导致治理不善,并导致向利益相关者提供较少信息的选择。第二个发现表明,独立董事更有可能选择独立报告而不是综合报告。该研究表明,独立董事的内部监管责任支持向利益相关者传达更多信息的报告格式。最后,就可持续性报告格式而言,董事总数微不足道。我们的研究增加了研究的新颖性,因为以前的研究只考察了CEO和可持续性。然而,本研究首次调查了CEO在选择可持续性报告格式时的双重性和董事会特征。
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引用次数: 0
Quantitative Portfolio Management Through Carbon Budgeting in a PSX Perspective PSX视角下碳预算量化投资组合管理
Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.28992/ijsam.v6i2.650
M. I. Majeed, Unbreen Arif
Portfolio management requires investment managers to consider investor preferences before taking any investment decisions. Some of the investors might be interested in building a clean, environmentally friendly, and carbon-free portfolio, assuming it as their corporate social responsibility (CSR) or owing to some fear of future loss arising from the ban on environment-hampering companies that might not be following the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) requirements. Historically, we have seen a ban on Chinese products because of the issues of carbon emissions. Similarly, during SMOG, many brick kilns and iron foundries are closed in Pakistan every year. The carbon budgeting on the portfolio can help achieve the CSR and sustainability goals of investors. The study attempts to develop a portfolio based on historical data, which could yield optimum results while remaining carbon conscious. The study aims to find the best-performing portfolio that could be more ESG compliant and may achieve CSR objectives to protect the environment and investors’ interests simultaneously. The findings show that companies segregated based on carbon footprint can create a carbon-free portfolio (approximately 25%) without a material impact on the expected risk and return profile. To be more ESG compliant, an investor can compromise slightly on returns, that is, only compromising 3% of the profit, we can maintain a 50% compliant portfolio in Pakistan’s environment. The study tries to improve the understanding of regulatory requirements but would also help us gain the confidence of investors who are keen to see carbon-free portfolios or in other words want to ensure investments in environmentally friendly industries.
投资组合管理要求投资经理在做出任何投资决策之前考虑投资者的偏好。一些投资者可能有兴趣建立一个清洁、环保和无碳的投资组合,将其视为他们的企业社会责任(CSR),或者因为担心环境禁令会给那些可能不遵守环境、社会和治理(ESG)要求的公司带来未来的损失。从历史上看,由于碳排放问题,我们曾看到对中国产品的禁令。同样,在SMOG期间,巴基斯坦每年都有许多砖窑和铸铁厂关闭。投资组合的碳预算有助于实现投资者的企业社会责任和可持续发展目标。这项研究试图根据历史数据开发一个投资组合,在保持碳意识的同时产生最佳结果。该研究旨在寻找表现最好的投资组合,该投资组合可能更符合ESG,并可能实现企业社会责任目标,以同时保护环境和投资者利益。研究结果表明,根据碳足迹进行分离的公司可以创建无碳投资组合(约25%),而不会对预期风险和回报产生实质性影响。为了更符合ESG,投资者可以在回报上稍微妥协,也就是说,只妥协3%的利润,我们就可以在巴基斯坦的环境中维持50%的合规投资组合。这项研究试图提高对监管要求的理解,但也有助于我们获得投资者的信心,他们渴望看到无碳投资组合,或者换句话说,希望确保投资于环保行业。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Green Human Resource Management on Employee Green Behavior: The Mediating Role of Green Attitude 绿色人力资源管理对员工绿色行为的影响:绿色态度的中介作用
Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.28992/ijsam.v6i2.674
K. G. Priyashantha, Yogendran Priyangaa
This study’s main objective was to examine the impact of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) on green behaviors through the green attitude of employees. A sample of 150 employees from a chosen information technology company in Sri Lanka was drawn to accomplish this objective. The data were collected using a structured survey questionnaire, and the survey instruments were validated. The SPSS process macro was used to produce the expected impact findings. Results showed that the GRHM impacts green behaviors through employees’ green attitudes, indicating a partial mediation. The study concluded that organizations must engage in GHRM practices to strengthen employees’ green behaviors in implementing environmental and sustainability strategies. Theoretical implications of the study’s findings include validating the resource-based view, social identity theory, attitude theory, and measurement instruments used for the impact of GHRM on green behavior through green attitudes. The findings revealed GHRM’s contribution to the environmental management literature, particularly by creating new knowledge of the predicted impacts in the information and communication technology industry in a developing country context. This study also provides limitations and future research directions.
本研究的主要目的是通过员工的绿色态度来检验绿色人力资源管理(GHRM)对绿色行为的影响。为了实现这一目标,从斯里兰卡一家选定的信息技术公司抽取了150名员工作为样本。使用结构化调查问卷收集数据,并对调查工具进行验证。SPSS过程宏用于产生预期的影响结果。结果表明,GRHM通过员工的绿色态度影响绿色行为,表明存在部分中介作用。该研究得出的结论是,组织必须参与GHRM实践,以加强员工在实施环境和可持续发展战略时的绿色行为。该研究结果的理论含义包括验证基于资源的观点、社会认同理论、态度理论以及用于GHRM通过绿色态度对绿色行为影响的测量工具。研究结果揭示了GHRM对环境管理文献的贡献,特别是通过创造关于发展中国家信息和通信技术行业预测影响的新知识。本研究还提供了局限性和未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Indonesian Journal of Sustainability Accounting and Management
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