Context: The automobile industry has included active and passive safety. Active safety incorporates elements to avoid crashes and collisions. Some elements are ABS brakes and stabilization bars, among others. On the other hand, passive safety avoids or minimizes damage to the occupants in the event of an accident. Some passive safety features include seat belts and front and curtain airbags for the driver and other occupants. Method: In this research work, we propose a new category called Extraordinary Passive Safety (XPS). A model of a sensor network was designed to inspect the conditions inside the car to detect fire, smoke, gases, and extreme temperatures. The sensors send data to a device (DXPS) capable of receiving and storing the data. Results: Each sensor collects data and sends it to the DXPS every period. The sensor sends 0s while there is no risk, and 1s when it detects a risk. When the DXPS receives a 1, the pattern is evaluated, and the risk is identified. Since there are several sensors, the reading pattern is a set of 0s (000000). When a pattern with one or more 1s (000100, 010101) is received, the DXPS can send an alert or activate a device. Conclusions: The proposed solution could save the lives of children left in the car or people trapped when the car catches fire. As future work, it is intended to define the devices to avoid or minimize damage to the occupants such as oxygen supply, gas extraction, regulating the temperature, among others.
{"title":"Extraordinary Passive Safety in Cars Using a Sensor Network Model","authors":"J. S. Ruíz Castilla, F. García Lamont","doi":"10.14483/23448393.18493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.18493","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The automobile industry has included active and passive safety. Active safety incorporates elements to avoid crashes and collisions. Some elements are ABS brakes and stabilization bars, among others. On the other hand, passive safety avoids or minimizes damage to the occupants in the event of an accident. Some passive safety features include seat belts and front and curtain airbags for the driver and other occupants.\u0000Method: In this research work, we propose a new category called Extraordinary Passive Safety (XPS). A model of a sensor network was designed to inspect the conditions inside the car to detect fire, smoke, gases, and extreme temperatures. The sensors send data to a device (DXPS) capable of receiving and storing the data.\u0000Results: Each sensor collects data and sends it to the DXPS every period. The sensor sends 0s while there is no risk, and 1s when it detects a risk. When the DXPS receives a 1, the pattern is evaluated, and the risk is identified. Since there are several sensors, the reading pattern is a set of 0s (000000). When a pattern with one or more 1s (000100, 010101) is received, the DXPS can send an alert or activate a device.\u0000Conclusions: The proposed solution could save the lives of children left in the car or people trapped when the car catches fire. As future work, it is intended to define the devices to avoid or minimize damage to the occupants such as oxygen supply, gas extraction, regulating the temperature, among others.","PeriodicalId":41509,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46016137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hernán Paz Penagos, A. M. Moreno Sánchez, José Noé Poveda Zafra
Context: The evaluation of air quality in Colombia is localized; it does not go beyond determining whether the level of the polluting gas at a specific point of the monitoring network has exceeded a threshold, according to a norm or standard, in order to trigger an alarm. It is not committed to objectives as important as the real-time identification of the dispersion dynamics of polluting gases in an area, or the prediction of the newly affected population. From this perspective, the presence of polluting gases was evaluated on the university campus of Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito, located north of the city of Bogotá, and the affected population was estimated for the month of October, 2019, using the Kriging geostatistical technique. Method: This study is part of the design and construction of an auxiliary mobile station that monitors and reports complementary information (CO and SO2 gases) to that provided by the Guaymaral meteorological station, located in the north of Bogotá. This information is transmitted through an IoT network to a server, where a database is created which stores the information on polluting gases reported by the 14 stations of the Bogotá air quality monitoring network, the information sent by the auxiliary station, and the statistical information of the population present on the university campus. Pollutant gas data and population information recorded from October 1st to 31st, 2019, are the input for data analysis using the Kriging interpolation method and predicting the affected population on said campus. Results: There is a particulate matter concentration of 29 µg/m3 of PM10 in the coliseum and 12,6 µg/m3 of PM2,5 in building G, in addition to 9,8 ppb of O3 in building I, 14,9 ppb of NO2 in that same building, 0,79 ppb of CO in building C, and 0,65 ppb of SO2 also in building C, thus allowing to infer, according to the Bogotá air quality index, a favorable air quality for a population of 2.131 people who visited the campus university during the aforementioned period. Conclusions: The correct integration of the data in the web server and their analysis, carried out in the R language, allowed determining the approximate indicators of the polluting factors around Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito. Additionally, to determine the affected population, these indicators were correlated with the information on the registered population that entered the campus during the period under study. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the air quality on the campus of Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito is favorable, and that 2.131 people benefited daily from these conditions.
背景:哥伦比亚的空气质量评价是地方化的;它只不过是根据规范或标准确定监测网络某一特定点的污染气体水平是否超过了阈值，从而触发警报。它不致力于诸如实时查明某一地区污染气体扩散动态或预测新受影响人口等重要目标。从这个角度来看，在位于波哥大市北部的Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito大学校园中评估了污染气体的存在，并使用Kriging地质统计技术估计了2019年10月受影响的人口。方法:本研究是设计和建设一个辅助移动站的一部分，该移动站监测和报告与位于波哥大北部的Guaymaral气象站提供的补充信息(CO和SO2气体)。这些信息通过物联网网络传输到服务器，在服务器上创建一个数据库，该数据库存储波哥大空气质量监测网络14个站点报告的污染气体信息、辅助站点发送的信息以及大学校园内人口的统计信息。2019年10月1日至31日记录的污染物气体数据和人口信息是使用克里格插值法进行数据分析的输入，并预测该校园的受影响人口。结果:有颗粒物浓度29µg / m3 PM10的竞技场,12日6 PM2µg / m3, 5 g,除了9,8磅的O3在构建我,14日9磅的NO2在同一建筑,0,79磅的公司在建立C和0,65磅的二氧化硫也在构建C,从而允许来推断,波哥大的空气质量指数显示,良好的空气质量对人口2.131人大学在上述期间参观了校园。结论:在web服务器中正确整合数据并使用R语言进行分析，可以确定Escuela columbiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito周围污染因素的近似指标。此外，为了确定受影响的人口，这些指标与在研究期间进入校园的登记人口信息相关。根据所获得的结果，得出结论，Escuela columbiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito校园的空气质量良好，每天有2.131人受益于这些条件。
{"title":"Air Quality Measurement Using an IoT Network: a Case Study","authors":"Hernán Paz Penagos, A. M. Moreno Sánchez, José Noé Poveda Zafra","doi":"10.14483/23448393.17589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.17589","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The evaluation of air quality in Colombia is localized; it does not go beyond determining whether the level of the polluting gas at a specific point of the monitoring network has exceeded a threshold, according to a norm or standard, in order to trigger an alarm. It is not committed to objectives as important as the real-time identification of the dispersion dynamics of polluting gases in an area, or the prediction of the newly affected population. From this perspective, the presence of polluting gases was evaluated on the university campus of Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito, located north of the city of Bogotá, and the affected population was estimated for the month of October, 2019, using the Kriging geostatistical technique.\u0000Method: This study is part of the design and construction of an auxiliary mobile station that monitors and reports complementary information (CO and SO2 gases) to that provided by the Guaymaral meteorological station, located in the north of Bogotá. This information is transmitted through an IoT network to a server, where a database is created which stores the information on polluting gases reported by the 14 stations of the Bogotá air quality monitoring network, the information sent by the auxiliary station, and the statistical information of the population present on the university campus. Pollutant gas data and population information recorded from October 1st to 31st, 2019, are the input for data analysis using the Kriging interpolation method and predicting the affected population on said campus.\u0000Results: There is a particulate matter concentration of 29 µg/m3 of PM10 in the coliseum and 12,6 µg/m3 of PM2,5 in building G, in addition to 9,8 ppb of O3 in building I, 14,9 ppb of NO2 in that same building, 0,79 ppb of CO in building C, and 0,65 ppb of SO2 also in building C, thus allowing to infer, according to the Bogotá air quality index, a favorable air quality for a population of 2.131 people who visited the campus university during the aforementioned period.\u0000Conclusions: The correct integration of the data in the web server and their analysis, carried out in the R language, allowed determining the approximate indicators of the polluting factors around Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito. Additionally, to determine the affected population, these indicators were correlated with the information on the registered population that entered the campus during the period under study. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the air quality on the campus of Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito is favorable, and that 2.131 people benefited daily from these conditions.","PeriodicalId":41509,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45791148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Betty Johanna Garzon-Rozo, Claudia Paola Martín Bernal, Feizar Javier Rueda Velasco
Context: Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA) has been the umbrella to identify the models used for modeling the capital to cover Operational Risk (Total Operational Value at Risk, OpVaR) in financial institutions in developed countries. The Loss Distribution Approach (LDA) has been the most popular model used by international banks for OpVaR calculation. However, the operational losses frequently have multivariate dependences that are not accounted for in the LDA. This paper applies a Gaussian copula to model the multivariate dependences in operational losses. Method: Two models were compared to estimate capital requirement for operational risk. Model (i) is the standard LDA model (BCBS 2004). Model (ii) incorporates a multivariate Gaussian copula into the LDA to model multivariate dependence between operational losses (severities). This research analyzes an operational loss data set, SAS® Operational Risk Global Data (SAS OpRisk Global Data), in order to model operational risk at financial institutions in emerging markets between 1990 and 2013. Results: The impact of Model (ii) was evaluated on the estimates of the total regulatory capital for operational risk and compared with the one predicted by (i). The results confirm the existence of diversification benefit up to 33%. Conclusions: Modeling explicitly the multivariate dependence between operational losses has a clear impact on capital requirement for institutions in emerging markets. The implementation of a Gaussian copula into the LDA model provides a sophisticated tool to estimate operational risk capital in emerging markets, as well as the possibility for diversification benefit. Acknowledgements: To SAS for providing the database used in this research.
背景:先进的测量方法(AMA)一直是确定在发达国家金融机构中用于对资本建模以覆盖操作风险(风险总运营价值，OpVaR)的模型的保护伞。损失分配法(Loss Distribution method, LDA)是国际银行计算OpVaR最常用的模型。但是，操作损失经常具有在LDA中未考虑的多变量依赖关系。本文应用高斯联结模型对操作损失中的多变量依赖关系进行建模。方法:比较两种模型估算操作风险资本需求。模型(i)是标准的LDA模型(BCBS 2004)。模型(ii)在LDA中加入了一个多变量高斯copula来模拟操作损失(严重程度)之间的多变量依赖关系。本研究分析了运营损失数据集SAS®运营风险全球数据(SAS OpRisk Global data)，以模拟1990年至2013年间新兴市场金融机构的运营风险。结果:评估了模型(ii)对操作风险总监管资本估计的影响，并与模型(i)的预测结果进行了比较，结果证实了多元化效益的存在，最高可达33%。结论:明确建模经营损失之间的多变量依赖关系对新兴市场机构的资本需求有明显的影响。在LDA模型中引入高斯联结公式，提供了一个复杂的工具来估计新兴市场的操作风险资本，以及多样化收益的可能性。感谢SAS提供本研究中使用的数据库。
{"title":"Capital Requirements to Cover Operational Risk in Financial Institutions of Emerging Markets. A Gaussian Copula Model","authors":"Betty Johanna Garzon-Rozo, Claudia Paola Martín Bernal, Feizar Javier Rueda Velasco","doi":"10.14483/23448393.18575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.18575","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA) has been the umbrella to identify the models used for modeling the capital to cover Operational Risk (Total Operational Value at Risk, OpVaR) in financial institutions in developed countries. The Loss Distribution Approach (LDA) has been the most popular model used by international banks for OpVaR calculation. However, the operational losses frequently have multivariate dependences that are not accounted for in the LDA. This paper applies a Gaussian copula to model the multivariate dependences in operational losses.\u0000Method: Two models were compared to estimate capital requirement for operational risk. Model (i) is the standard LDA model (BCBS 2004). Model (ii) incorporates a multivariate Gaussian copula into the LDA to model multivariate dependence between operational losses (severities). This research analyzes an operational loss data set, SAS® Operational Risk Global Data (SAS OpRisk Global Data), in order to model operational risk at financial institutions in emerging markets between 1990 and 2013.\u0000Results: The impact of Model (ii) was evaluated on the estimates of the total regulatory capital for operational risk and compared with the one predicted by (i). The results confirm the existence of diversification benefit up to 33%.\u0000Conclusions: Modeling explicitly the multivariate dependence between operational losses has a clear impact on capital requirement for institutions in emerging markets. The implementation of a Gaussian copula into the LDA model provides a sophisticated tool to estimate operational risk capital in emerging markets, as well as the possibility for diversification benefit.\u0000Acknowledgements: To SAS for providing the database used in this research.","PeriodicalId":41509,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46143533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrés Mauricio Paredes Rodríguez, Kevin Alexander Ciro Jaramillo, José Daniel Jaramillo Ceballos
Contexto: En la actualidad, las compañías se enfrentan a una problemática asociada al control del inventario debido a que existe un alto número de referencias que se deben administrar con el objetivo de reducir las ventas perdidas y disminuir el inventario de baja rotación. Método: Demand Driven MRP (DDMRP) es una estrategia de control de inventarios innovadora que incorpora elementos de sistemas Lean y teoría de restricciones que llevan a introducir buffers dinámicos con el objetivo de controlar los niveles de inventario al tiempo que se responde a la demanda. Las redes de Petri se utilizan para simular y validar la aplicación de la metodología DDMRP en un inventario de producto terminado. Resultados: A partir de la simulación realizada, se logra comprobar la efectividad de la metodología DDMRP para el caso de estudio, en el que se reduce el sobrestock de inventario al mismo tiempo que se minimiza la posibilidad de agotados. Conclusiones: La simulación de la metodología DDMRP a través de redes de Petri permitió evaluar el funcionamiento de la política antes de su implementación, en aras de validar la efectividad de la estrategia sobre indicadores de desempeño de la compañía como el nivel de servicio y los costos de almacenamiento.
{"title":"Simulación de una política de inventario basada en la metodología Demand Driven MRP desde un enfoque de redes de Petri","authors":"Andrés Mauricio Paredes Rodríguez, Kevin Alexander Ciro Jaramillo, José Daniel Jaramillo Ceballos","doi":"10.14483/23448393.18002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.18002","url":null,"abstract":"Contexto: En la actualidad, las compañías se enfrentan a una problemática asociada al control del inventario debido a que existe un alto número de referencias que se deben administrar con el objetivo de reducir las ventas perdidas y disminuir el inventario de baja rotación.\u0000Método: Demand Driven MRP (DDMRP) es una estrategia de control de inventarios innovadora que incorpora elementos de sistemas Lean y teoría de restricciones que llevan a introducir buffers dinámicos con el objetivo de controlar los niveles de inventario al tiempo que se responde a la demanda. Las redes de Petri se utilizan para simular y validar la aplicación de la metodología DDMRP en un inventario de producto terminado.\u0000Resultados: A partir de la simulación realizada, se logra comprobar la efectividad de la metodología DDMRP para el caso de estudio, en el que se reduce el sobrestock de inventario al mismo tiempo que se minimiza la posibilidad de agotados.\u0000Conclusiones: La simulación de la metodología DDMRP a través de redes de Petri permitió evaluar el funcionamiento de la política antes de su implementación, en aras de validar la efectividad de la estrategia sobre indicadores de desempeño de la compañía como el nivel de servicio y los costos de almacenamiento.","PeriodicalId":41509,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45002010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sebastian Lopez Mejia, Andres Felipe Piedrahita Montes
Context: Measuring the directivity characteristics and the frequency response of acoustic sources is a difficult process, as the dimensions and boundary conditions of the testing rooms used could constrain the measurement procedure. The testing room should guarantee a free-field condition, which is usually satisfied by using big acoustic absorbers with fibrous materials with high absorption coefficients. However, standing wave patterns can be easily developed due to the frequency range exciting the testing room. Method: The sound field separation method can isolate the radiated field of an acoustic source by sampling the sound field around it over two holographic spheres. The coordinates of the sampling points are used in a set of equations, whose solution can estimate the radiated field. In this paper, the effect of the variability on the actual positions of these sampling points is investigated. Results: Two numerical simulations with and without external sources outside the holographic spheres were performed. In all simulations, variations in the radial position of the sampling points were induced, and the relative reconstruction error, the directivity index, and the frequency response were studied. The results indicate that, for the estimation of the directivity of low-frequency acoustic sources, regardless of the presence of external sources, radial positioning of the sensors does not have to be exact to obtain an accurate reconstruction. Conclusions: This study suggests that, in the experimental characterization in conventional testing rooms of the radiated field from acoustic sources whose main frequency region corresponds to low frequencies, e.g. subwoofers, the SFS method could be used, thus obtaining high accuracy in the estimation of the directivity of the source.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Accuracy of the Sound Field Separation Method under Variations in the Location of the Sampling Points","authors":"Sebastian Lopez Mejia, Andres Felipe Piedrahita Montes","doi":"10.14483/23448393.18466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.18466","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Measuring the directivity characteristics and the frequency response of acoustic sources is a difficult process, as the dimensions and boundary conditions of the testing rooms used could constrain the measurement procedure. The testing room should guarantee a free-field condition, which is usually satisfied by using big acoustic absorbers with fibrous materials with high absorption coefficients. However, standing wave patterns can be easily developed due to the frequency range exciting the testing room.\u0000Method: The sound field separation method can isolate the radiated field of an acoustic source by sampling the sound field around it over two holographic spheres. The coordinates of the sampling points are used in a set of equations, whose solution can estimate the radiated field. In this paper, the effect of the variability on the actual positions of these sampling points is investigated.\u0000Results: Two numerical simulations with and without external sources outside the holographic spheres were performed. In all simulations, variations in the radial position of the sampling points were induced, and the relative reconstruction error, the directivity index, and the frequency response were studied. The results indicate that, for the estimation of the directivity of low-frequency acoustic sources, regardless of the presence of external sources, radial positioning of the sensors does not have to be exact to obtain an accurate reconstruction.\u0000Conclusions: This study suggests that, in the experimental characterization in conventional testing rooms of the radiated field from acoustic sources whose main frequency region corresponds to low frequencies, e.g. subwoofers, the SFS method could be used, thus obtaining high accuracy in the estimation of the directivity of the source.","PeriodicalId":41509,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66703293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claudia Liliana Vargas Serna, Vanessa Gonzalez Torres, Claudia Isabel Ochoa Martinez, Carlos Antonio Vélez Pasos
Contexto: El alto consumo de piña a nivel mundial requiere que el mercado ofrezca diferentes alternativas de comercialización, incluyendo productos mínimamente procesados. Los cambios indeseables en el producto durante el almacenamiento pueden reducirse mediante las condiciones de procesamiento y empaque. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del tipo de empaque, el pretratamiento y el tipo de corte sobre parámetros de calidad de piña fresca cortada. Método: La piña fue cortada en cubos de 2 cm de lado y en cuartos de rodaja de 1,5 cm de espesor. Las muestras se almacenaron en envases PET con o sin almohadilla absorbente. Se evaluó además el preenfriamiento de las muestras. Se evaluaron propiedades de calidad del producto durante 14 días de almacenamiento. Resultados: Los cuartos de rodaja presentaron menor pérdida de peso, mantuvieron el color, el contenido de vitamina C, los polifenoles y la capacidad antioxidante, mientras el corte en cubos presentó mejor comportamiento en cuanto a la firmeza. El uso de almohadillas absorbentes aceleró la pérdida de peso, el preenfriamiento no mostró un efecto significativo en las variables de respuesta. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que es posible mantener las propiedades de calidad de piña variedad MD2 mínimamente procesada cortada en cuartos de rodaja y empacada en envases PET conservando la vitamina C y los compuestos fenólicos.
{"title":"Conservación de piña mínimamente procesada: evaluación de parámetros fisicoquímicos","authors":"Claudia Liliana Vargas Serna, Vanessa Gonzalez Torres, Claudia Isabel Ochoa Martinez, Carlos Antonio Vélez Pasos","doi":"10.14483/23448393.17564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.17564","url":null,"abstract":"Contexto: El alto consumo de piña a nivel mundial requiere que el mercado ofrezca diferentes alternativas de comercialización, incluyendo productos mínimamente procesados. Los cambios indeseables en el producto durante el almacenamiento pueden reducirse mediante las condiciones de procesamiento y empaque. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del tipo de empaque, el pretratamiento y el tipo de corte sobre parámetros de calidad de piña fresca cortada.\u0000Método: La piña fue cortada en cubos de 2 cm de lado y en cuartos de rodaja de 1,5 cm de espesor. Las muestras se almacenaron en envases PET con o sin almohadilla absorbente. Se evaluó además el preenfriamiento de las muestras. Se evaluaron propiedades de calidad del producto durante 14 días de almacenamiento.\u0000Resultados: Los cuartos de rodaja presentaron menor pérdida de peso, mantuvieron el color, el contenido de vitamina C, los polifenoles y la capacidad antioxidante, mientras el corte en cubos presentó mejor comportamiento en cuanto a la firmeza. El uso de almohadillas absorbentes aceleró la pérdida de peso, el preenfriamiento no mostró un efecto significativo en las variables de respuesta.\u0000Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que es posible mantener las propiedades de calidad de piña variedad MD2 mínimamente procesada cortada en cuartos de rodaja y empacada en envases PET conservando la vitamina C y los compuestos fenólicos.","PeriodicalId":41509,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48715924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrés Lara, Jonathan Toledo, Robert Paul Salazar Romero
Context: Wind tunnels are essential devices in the study of flow properties through objects and scaled prototypes. This work presents a numerical study to characterize an existing wind tunnel, proposing modifications with the aim to improve the quality of the flow in the test chamber. Method: Experimental measurements of the inlet velocity and pressure distribution of a wind tunnel are nperformed. These empirical values are used as parameters to define boundary conditions in simulations. The Finite Element Method (FEM) at low speeds is implemented to determine the stream function by using a standard Galerkin method. Polynomial interpolations are employed to modify the contraction section design, and numerical simulations are performed in order to compare the numerical results of the flow for the existing and the modified wind tunnels. Results: Experimental measurements of the flow at the wind tunnel entrance are presented. The velocity field and distribution of thermodynamic variables inside the tunnel are numerically determined. This computations are useful since it is experimentally difficult to make measurements inside the channel. Additionally, numerical calculations of these variables are presented under modifications in the tunnel geometry. Conclusions: A comparison between these simulations show that laminar flow at low velocities can be modeled as incompressible and irrotational fluid under a bidimensional approximation along its longitudinal section. It is observed that modifications in the geometry of the tunnel can improve the flow in the test section of the wind tunnel in the laminar regime.
{"title":"Characterization, Design Testing and Numerical Modeling of a Subsonic-Low Speed Wind Tunnel","authors":"Andrés Lara, Jonathan Toledo, Robert Paul Salazar Romero","doi":"10.14483/23448393.17973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.17973","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Wind tunnels are essential devices in the study of flow properties through objects and scaled prototypes. This work presents a numerical study to characterize an existing wind tunnel, proposing modifications with the aim to improve the quality of the flow in the test chamber.\u0000Method: Experimental measurements of the inlet velocity and pressure distribution of a wind tunnel are nperformed. These empirical values are used as parameters to define boundary conditions in simulations. The Finite Element Method (FEM) at low speeds is implemented to determine the stream function by using a standard Galerkin method. Polynomial interpolations are employed to modify the contraction section design, and numerical simulations are performed in order to compare the numerical results of the flow for the existing and the modified wind tunnels.\u0000Results: Experimental measurements of the flow at the wind tunnel entrance are presented. The velocity field and distribution of thermodynamic variables inside the tunnel are numerically determined. This computations are useful since it is experimentally difficult to make measurements inside the channel. Additionally, numerical calculations of these variables are presented under modifications in the tunnel geometry.\u0000Conclusions: A comparison between these simulations show that laminar flow at low velocities can be modeled as incompressible and irrotational fluid under a bidimensional approximation along its longitudinal section. It is observed that modifications in the geometry of the tunnel can improve the flow in the test section of the wind tunnel in the laminar regime.","PeriodicalId":41509,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43637817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beatriz Eugenia Ospina Betancur, Walter Murillo Arango
Contexto: La potabilización de agua como proceso industrial demanda energía para su operación, así que con el fin de suplir la energía eléctrica que requiere la calefacción del ambiente de la sala en la que se realiza la dosificación de productos químicos, se exploró la matriz energética no convencional mediante la determinación de la viabilidad ambiental y financiera de un sistema de calefacción sostenible que aprovechara el calor del agua termal que llega a la Planta Luis Prieto Gómez proveniente del Volcán Nevado del Ruiz. Método: Se realizó una investigación de tipo mixto mediante un diseño de campo para caracterizar el contexto del aprovechamiento, una asesoría especializada para determinar el sistema de calefacción y una revisión bibliográfica para abordar el análisis financiero por flujo de caja, el análisis ambiental por huella de carbono y la sostenibilidad de la propuesta. Resultados: Se determinó el contexto del aprovechamiento del calor y se caracterizó la carga térmica requerida al interior de la sala, con lo cual se estableció que un sistema de intercambiadores de calor tubulares generaba la viabilidad operativa, con una proyección de ahorro económico de un 78 % frente a un sistema convencional y una reducción de impactos ambientales representados en 3,25 toneladas de CO2 menos emitidas a la atmósfera anualmente. Conclusiones: Se respondió a la incorporación de la sostenibilidad energética para la generación de las condiciones operativas dentro de la producción de agua potable en la planta, partiendo desde la concepción del uso del agua termal como recurso renovable, sumado a la producción de calor por medio de un ciclo de vida cerrado, demostrando un diálogo entre las esferas económica, ambiental y social como lo requiere el desarrollo sostenible.
{"title":"Aprovechamiento energético sostenible de un recurso geotermal: caso sala de dosificación de la Planta Luis Prieto Gómez","authors":"Beatriz Eugenia Ospina Betancur, Walter Murillo Arango","doi":"10.14483/23448393.16913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.16913","url":null,"abstract":"Contexto: La potabilización de agua como proceso industrial demanda energía para su operación, así que con el fin de suplir la energía eléctrica que requiere la calefacción del ambiente de la sala en la que se realiza la dosificación de productos químicos, se exploró la matriz energética no convencional mediante la determinación de la viabilidad ambiental y financiera de un sistema de calefacción sostenible que aprovechara el calor del agua termal que llega a la Planta Luis Prieto Gómez proveniente del Volcán Nevado del Ruiz.\u0000Método: Se realizó una investigación de tipo mixto mediante un diseño de campo para caracterizar el contexto del aprovechamiento, una asesoría especializada para determinar el sistema de calefacción y una revisión bibliográfica para abordar el análisis financiero por flujo de caja, el análisis ambiental por huella de carbono y la sostenibilidad de la propuesta.\u0000Resultados: Se determinó el contexto del aprovechamiento del calor y se caracterizó la carga térmica requerida al interior de la sala, con lo cual se estableció que un sistema de intercambiadores de calor tubulares generaba la viabilidad operativa, con una proyección de ahorro económico de un 78 % frente a un sistema convencional y una reducción de impactos ambientales representados en 3,25 toneladas de CO2 menos emitidas a la atmósfera anualmente.\u0000Conclusiones: Se respondió a la incorporación de la sostenibilidad energética para la generación de las condiciones operativas dentro de la producción de agua potable en la planta, partiendo desde la concepción del uso del agua termal como recurso renovable, sumado a la producción de calor por medio de un ciclo de vida cerrado, demostrando un diálogo entre las esferas económica, ambiental y social como lo requiere el desarrollo sostenible.","PeriodicalId":41509,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47508929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Andrés López Ayala, Wilson Jurado Valbuena, Eduyn Ramiro Lopez Santana
Context: In the context of business organizations, every process in which the product is immersed has a cost and time associated with it. The area of maintenance planning and scheduling is no exception; however, it is an aspect in which few companies specialize, tending to be outsourced. In this sense, the application of combinatorial models is a tool with a high potential to improve the overall performance of the organization through the understanding of the integral maintenance process. Method: A two-phase (maintenance and routing) dynamic algorithm is proposed which considers a set of clients distributed in a maintenance network (distance), where each of the technicians start from the same central node (depot), which, in turn, is the endpoint of each assigned route. The objective is to minimize the total cost associated with the development of preventive and corrective maintenance of all machines to be evaluated. With this purpose, the formulation of the mathematical problem for each of the phases and its interrelation method is proposed. Then, performance measures are expressed to evaluate the achieved objectives. Results: The results satisfy a consistent alternative for the resolution of problems of the NP-Hard type, which generates a high level of complexity to the model. That is, it proposes a tool for solving problems of these characteristics in low computational response times and with appealing results. Conclusions: The combined maintenance and routing model using a dynamic algorithm addresses the maintenance and routing problem satisfactorily. The model shows good results with respect to the comparison optimization model in percentage gaps of performance measures lower than 5%. As for the computational time required, a reduction of up to 98% was achieved, which makes it an ideal alternative for highly complex scenarios. Finally, achieving a higher level of characterization, employing multi-objective decision criteria and a greater number of constraints to the problem, is proposed in future research. Acknowledgements: To the High-Performance Computing Center (CECAD - Centro de computación de Alto Desempeño) of Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas for their support, as well as for providing us with a virtual machine to run the proposed mathematical model, which was an essential element in the results obtained.
环境:在商业组织的环境中，产品所处的每一个过程都有与之相关的成本和时间。维修计划和调度领域也不例外;然而，这是一个很少有公司专门从事的方面，倾向于外包。从这个意义上说，组合模型的应用是一种通过理解整体维护过程来提高组织整体性能的高潜力工具。方法:提出了一种两阶段(维护和路由)动态算法，该算法考虑分布在维护网络(距离)中的一组客户端，其中每个技术人员从同一个中心节点(仓库)出发，该中心节点是每个分配路由的端点。目标是将所有待评估机器的预防性和纠正性维护开发相关的总成本降至最低。为此，提出了各阶段数学问题的表述及其相互关系的方法。然后，表达绩效指标来评估实现的目标。结果:结果满足了NP-Hard类型问题解决的一致替代方案，这对模型产生了很高的复杂性。也就是说，它提出了一种工具，可以在较低的计算响应时间内解决这些特征的问题，并获得吸引人的结果。结论:采用动态算法的维修和路由组合模型较好地解决了维修和路由问题。在性能指标差距小于5%的情况下，该模型相对于比较优化模型显示出良好的效果。至于所需的计算时间，减少了高达98%，这使得它成为高度复杂场景的理想选择。最后，提出了在未来的研究中实现更高层次的表征，采用多目标决策准则和更多数量的约束来解决问题。致谢:感谢弗朗西斯科·约瑟·德·卡尔达斯大学的高性能计算中心(CECAD - Centro de computación de Alto Desempeño)的支持，以及为我们提供一个虚拟机来运行所提出的数学模型，这是所获得结果的重要组成部分。
{"title":"Proposal of a Dynamic Algorithm for the Maintenance and Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows","authors":"Carlos Andrés López Ayala, Wilson Jurado Valbuena, Eduyn Ramiro Lopez Santana","doi":"10.14483/23448393.18482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.18482","url":null,"abstract":"Context: In the context of business organizations, every process in which the product is immersed has a cost and time associated with it. The area of maintenance planning and scheduling is no exception; however, it is an aspect in which few companies specialize, tending to be outsourced. In this sense, the application of combinatorial models is a tool with a high potential to improve the overall performance of the organization through the understanding of the integral maintenance process.\u0000Method: A two-phase (maintenance and routing) dynamic algorithm is proposed which considers a set of clients distributed in a maintenance network (distance), where each of the technicians start from the same central node (depot), which, in turn, is the endpoint of each assigned route. The objective is to minimize the total cost associated with the development of preventive and corrective maintenance of all machines to be evaluated. With this purpose, the formulation of the mathematical problem for each of the phases and its interrelation method is proposed. Then, performance measures are expressed to evaluate the achieved objectives.\u0000Results: The results satisfy a consistent alternative for the resolution of problems of the NP-Hard type, which generates a high level of complexity to the model. That is, it proposes a tool for solving problems of these characteristics in low computational response times and with appealing results.\u0000Conclusions: The combined maintenance and routing model using a dynamic algorithm addresses the maintenance and routing problem satisfactorily. The model shows good results with respect to the comparison optimization model in percentage gaps of performance measures lower than 5%. As for the computational time required, a reduction of up to 98% was achieved, which makes it an ideal alternative for highly complex scenarios. Finally, achieving a higher level of characterization, employing multi-objective decision criteria and a greater number of constraints to the problem, is proposed in future research.\u0000Acknowledgements: To the High-Performance Computing Center (CECAD - Centro de computación de Alto Desempeño) of Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas for their support, as well as for providing us with a virtual machine to run the proposed mathematical model, which was an essential element in the results obtained.","PeriodicalId":41509,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42426711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William Ruiz Martinez, Arnaldo Andrés González Gómez
Contexto: La ingeniería de software nos permite abordar el diseño y desarrollo de software desde la aplicación práctica del conocimiento científico. En el caso de esta solución de IoT y el enfoque de aprendizaje automático en el monitoreo y control de las variables medioambientales en un cultivo de café, nos permite visualizar determinados artefactos del sistema en su interacción con los usuarios y en el comportamiento con otros artefactos o dispositivos que integran una solución tecnológica. Método: Para el presente trabajo, se plantea la aplicación de la ingeniería del software desde un enfoque conceptual y del comportamiento del sistema. Para cumplir con estos objetivos se optó por emplear el lenguaje unificado de modelado (UML) de forma tal que se pudieran representar los componentes más importantes de la solución tecnológica desde una perspectiva estática a través de los diagramas de casos de uso y desde el punto de vista dinámico a través de los diagramas de secuencia. Resultados: Mediante la aplicación del UML, fue posible desarrollar el modelamiento conceptual y del comportamiento de ciertos artefactos y componentes. Este conocimiento permitió identificar la interacción entre componentes y dispositivos físicos (máquina a máquina) y la interacción hombre-máquina, es decir, la relación entre usuarios y procesos que componen la solución tecnológica. Conclusiones: A través de la ingeniería de software y más específicamente del UML, pudimos establecer la importancia de conocer los diferentes artefactos que componen un sistema o aplicación desde un enfoque técnico y funcional diferente, pudiendo recopilar información valiosa sobre el comportamiento de ciertos artefactos del sistema, así como de la interacción entre usuarios y procesos.
{"title":"Un enfoque desde la ingeniería de software a una solución tecnológica de IoT y aprendizaje automático que permita monitorear y controlar las variables medioambientales en un cultivo de café","authors":"William Ruiz Martinez, Arnaldo Andrés González Gómez","doi":"10.14483/23448393.18495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14483/23448393.18495","url":null,"abstract":"Contexto: La ingeniería de software nos permite abordar el diseño y desarrollo de software desde la aplicación práctica del conocimiento científico. En el caso de esta solución de IoT y el enfoque de aprendizaje automático en el monitoreo y control de las variables medioambientales en un cultivo de café, nos permite visualizar determinados artefactos del sistema en su interacción con los usuarios y en el comportamiento con otros artefactos o dispositivos que integran una solución tecnológica.\u0000Método: Para el presente trabajo, se plantea la aplicación de la ingeniería del software desde un enfoque conceptual y del comportamiento del sistema. Para cumplir con estos objetivos se optó por emplear el lenguaje unificado de modelado (UML) de forma tal que se pudieran representar los componentes más importantes de la solución tecnológica desde una perspectiva estática a través de los diagramas de casos de uso y desde el punto de vista dinámico a través de los diagramas de secuencia.\u0000Resultados: Mediante la aplicación del UML, fue posible desarrollar el modelamiento conceptual y del comportamiento de ciertos artefactos y componentes. Este conocimiento permitió identificar la interacción entre componentes y dispositivos físicos (máquina a máquina) y la interacción hombre-máquina, es decir, la relación entre usuarios y procesos que componen la solución tecnológica.\u0000Conclusiones: A través de la ingeniería de software y más específicamente del UML, pudimos establecer la importancia de conocer los diferentes artefactos que componen un sistema o aplicación desde un enfoque técnico y funcional diferente, pudiendo recopilar información valiosa sobre el comportamiento de ciertos artefactos del sistema, así como de la interacción entre usuarios y procesos.","PeriodicalId":41509,"journal":{"name":"Ingenieria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46857510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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