Sonali Dixit, J. Yadav, Vishakha Rajshree, Ashneet Kalra
This case report presents the clinical course of a 33-year-old male with a long-standing history of schizophrenia who presented to the psychiatric outpatient department. The patient exhibited symptoms including fever, confusion, rigidity, slurred speech, and generalized body swelling, prompting immediate admission for thorough evaluation and management. In response to the high fever and unclear etiology, our investigation broadened to consider the possible influence of heat wave exposure. The medical team took a comprehensive approach, suspending all current antipsychotic medications and implementing treatment modifications, fluid therapy, and symptomatic relief measures. The patient's condition improved significantly, leading to discharge after a nine-day hospitalization with a well-structured follow-up plan. This case highlights the importance of considering exposure to heat waves that can potentially increase susceptibility to adverse reactions to medications, including antipsychotics, thereby potentially elevating the risk of developing neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) and also shows further need to explore the relationship between heat waves, antipsychotic medication, and the development of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
{"title":"Neuroleptic malignant syndrome susceptibility during extreme heat waves: A case report on a patient with schizophrenia","authors":"Sonali Dixit, J. Yadav, Vishakha Rajshree, Ashneet Kalra","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.018","url":null,"abstract":"This case report presents the clinical course of a 33-year-old male with a long-standing history of schizophrenia who presented to the psychiatric outpatient department. The patient exhibited symptoms including fever, confusion, rigidity, slurred speech, and generalized body swelling, prompting immediate admission for thorough evaluation and management. In response to the high fever and unclear etiology, our investigation broadened to consider the possible influence of heat wave exposure. The medical team took a comprehensive approach, suspending all current antipsychotic medications and implementing treatment modifications, fluid therapy, and symptomatic relief measures. The patient's condition improved significantly, leading to discharge after a nine-day hospitalization with a well-structured follow-up plan. This case highlights the importance of considering exposure to heat waves that can potentially increase susceptibility to adverse reactions to medications, including antipsychotics, thereby potentially elevating the risk of developing neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) and also shows further need to explore the relationship between heat waves, antipsychotic medication, and the development of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131613573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Snakebite is a common problem in Rural India. Viper snake bite is India's most common cause of fatal snake bites. They are usually associated with hemorrhagic complications. Ischemic complications following viper bite are uncommon and have only been reported by a few authors. A posterior circulation stroke is even rarer as it is challenging to diagnose. It is also fatal if there is a delay in diagnosis. We report a series of 5 patients with posterior circulation infarcts following viper envenomation confirmed by MRI Brain. We review published literature and discuss the likely pathogenesis of the ischaemic stroke following a viper bite. This study stresses the need for a higher degree of suspicion for posterior circulation stroke following snakebite and an early radiological diagnosis. Following diagnosis, adequate hydration, maintaining blood pressure, antiplatelets, and ICP lowering measures are essential. Snakebite should be considered a differential diagnosis in a young patient with stroke, especially in rural areas.
{"title":"A case series of posterior circulation ischaemic stroke following viper snake bite","authors":"Mayank Nakipuria, Anandkumar Shah, Vishwanath Sahukar Easwarappa, S. Selvapandian, Siddhartha Ghosh","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.020","url":null,"abstract":"Snakebite is a common problem in Rural India. Viper snake bite is India's most common cause of fatal snake bites. They are usually associated with hemorrhagic complications. Ischemic complications following viper bite are uncommon and have only been reported by a few authors. A posterior circulation stroke is even rarer as it is challenging to diagnose. It is also fatal if there is a delay in diagnosis. We report a series of 5 patients with posterior circulation infarcts following viper envenomation confirmed by MRI Brain. We review published literature and discuss the likely pathogenesis of the ischaemic stroke following a viper bite. This study stresses the need for a higher degree of suspicion for posterior circulation stroke following snakebite and an early radiological diagnosis. Following diagnosis, adequate hydration, maintaining blood pressure, antiplatelets, and ICP lowering measures are essential. Snakebite should be considered a differential diagnosis in a young patient with stroke, especially in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115048304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pituitary Tuberculoma is extremely rare, even in developing countries where tuberculosis is endemic with total reported cases in the literature fewer than a hundred. Misdiagnosis as pituitary adenoma is common and late diagnosis can result in a permanent endocrine dysfunction and/or long-term neurologic sequela. Pituitary Tuberculoma, and mimicking adenomas are very unusual. We report a small case series of a patient with sellar/ suprasellar mass, who presented with severe headache, all these patients didn’t have any previous history of tuberculosis and radiological and microbiological evidence of Tuberculosis elsewhere in the body. All these patients underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of the mass and histo pathological examination was suggestive of pituitary Tuberculoma. Antituberculous therapy was started and continued for one year, all three patients had good control of the disease and hormonal profile was normal at the end of one year, though all three patients required a small dose of steroid (Prednisolone 5mg) for the initial three months after surgery.
{"title":"Pitutary tuberculoma: A verycommon pathology in a very uncommon location","authors":"S. Balaji, K. Selvamuthukumaran","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.022","url":null,"abstract":"Pituitary Tuberculoma is extremely rare, even in developing countries where tuberculosis is endemic with total reported cases in the literature fewer than a hundred. Misdiagnosis as pituitary adenoma is common and late diagnosis can result in a permanent endocrine dysfunction and/or long-term neurologic sequela. Pituitary Tuberculoma, and mimicking adenomas are very unusual. We report a small case series of a patient with sellar/ suprasellar mass, who presented with severe headache, all these patients didn’t have any previous history of tuberculosis and radiological and microbiological evidence of Tuberculosis elsewhere in the body. All these patients underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of the mass and histo pathological examination was suggestive of pituitary Tuberculoma. Antituberculous therapy was started and continued for one year, all three patients had good control of the disease and hormonal profile was normal at the end of one year, though all three patients required a small dose of steroid (Prednisolone 5mg) for the initial three months after surgery.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"556 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134094641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cognitive neuropsychiatry (C.N.P) embodies a logical and hypothetically driven method to justify scientific(i.e., clinical) psychopathologies regarding discrepancies to usual mental—mind mechanisms. An involvement through neuronal (neuronic) substrates-of-impaired cognitive processes connects CNP to the fundamental-neuroscience. The advent of C.N.P.3 decades ago(~1990) demonstrates the increasing reconciliation among C.N.P, objective medicine, also neurosciences in tackling widespread issues regarding misperceptions or uncertainties of the mental, mind, and mental illness of neurobiology and brain. So, we focus how this trans-discipline will make a unique and distinct role to psycho pathology. The aim is to get the innovative idea-of-scientific union which occur amid the cognitive-neuroscience plus psychiatry, plus to demonstrate by what means this union has started to offer a novel mental (neurobiology-based) reasoning policy with which we comprehend better psychiatric situations. This study is trying to link the disparity among cognition as well as neuroscience by 1. forming efficient association of psychiatric disorders in a structure-of-human CNP, then connecting the structure(framework) to appropriate brain—structures also pathos physiology. CNP timely offers the basis for a scientific psychiatric, disorders surrounded by the outline of human CNP and their psychopathology.
{"title":"Quantifiable objective psychopathology via cognitive neuropsychiatry: A hybrid-study Part I","authors":"V. R. Raju","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.002","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive neuropsychiatry (C.N.P) embodies a logical and hypothetically driven method to justify scientific(i.e., clinical) psychopathologies regarding discrepancies to usual mental—mind mechanisms. An involvement through neuronal (neuronic) substrates-of-impaired cognitive processes connects CNP to the fundamental-neuroscience. The advent of C.N.P.3 decades ago(~1990) demonstrates the increasing reconciliation among C.N.P, objective medicine, also neurosciences in tackling widespread issues regarding misperceptions or uncertainties of the mental, mind, and mental illness of neurobiology and brain. So, we focus how this trans-discipline will make a unique and distinct role to psycho pathology. The aim is to get the innovative idea-of-scientific union which occur amid the cognitive-neuroscience plus psychiatry, plus to demonstrate by what means this union has started to offer a novel mental (neurobiology-based) reasoning policy with which we comprehend better psychiatric situations. This study is trying to link the disparity among cognition as well as neuroscience by 1. forming efficient association of psychiatric disorders in a structure-of-human CNP, then connecting the structure(framework) to appropriate brain—structures also pathos physiology. CNP timely offers the basis for a scientific psychiatric, disorders surrounded by the outline of human CNP and their psychopathology.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"452 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126998492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are a large group of inherited neurologic disorders that share the primary symptom of difficulty in walking due to weakness and spasticity in the lower limbs. Spastic paraplegia-48 (SPG48) is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by spasticity of the lower limbs resulting in gait difficulties. Biallelic mutations in AP5Z1 are known to cause this complex form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) referred to as SPG48 (MIM#613647). Most patients have onset in mid- or late-adulthood, although childhood onset has been reported in 1 patient. Additional features may include parkinsonism, urinary incontinence, neuropathy, and mild cognitive impairment. We report a 49-year-old male with SPG48 with a novel mutation. This is the first SPG48 case report in an Indian patient and to the best of our knowledge this mutation is the first to be reported worldwide.
{"title":"First SPG48 case report in India with a novel mutation","authors":"Nissi Chrysolite Gongati, V. Agrawal, S. Agrawal","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.010","url":null,"abstract":"The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are a large group of inherited neurologic disorders that share the primary symptom of difficulty in walking due to weakness and spasticity in the lower limbs. Spastic paraplegia-48 (SPG48) is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by spasticity of the lower limbs resulting in gait difficulties. Biallelic mutations in AP5Z1 are known to cause this complex form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) referred to as SPG48 (MIM#613647). Most patients have onset in mid- or late-adulthood, although childhood onset has been reported in 1 patient. Additional features may include parkinsonism, urinary incontinence, neuropathy, and mild cognitive impairment. We report a 49-year-old male with SPG48 with a novel mutation. This is the first SPG48 case report in an Indian patient and to the best of our knowledge this mutation is the first to be reported worldwide.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127386397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is little documentation describing the correlation between plasma adiponectin and the severity of ischemic stroke in the Indian population. The present study was aimed to find the correlation between plasma adiponectin levels and severity of acute ischemic stroke using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Modified Rankins Scale (MRS). The present prospective observational study was conducted on 109 patients of confirmed acute ischemic stroke aged ≥ 30 years presenting within 24 hours of new onset of neurodeficits. NIHSS and MRS were measured within 24 hours and 5 days after onset of symptoms respectively. Plasma adiponectin levels were measured. The primary objectives were to find the correlation of plasma adiponectin levels with severity of acute ischemic stroke using the NIHSS and neurological functional outcome using the MRS. The secondary objectives were to find an association of plasma adiponectin levels with serum lipid profile and comorbidities.There was a negative correlation between plasma adiponectin levels and NIHSS score (r = - 0.110, p-value = 0.253) and MRS (r = -0.041, p-value = 0.672) which was not statistically significant. The median plasma adiponectin levels were comparable between the groups of cases with co-morbidity and without co-morbidity. A significantly higher percentage of patients who had high triglyceride levels had normal plasma adiponectin levels. The distribution of other lipid parameters and hypertension did not differ significantly between the groups of cases with normal and abnormal plasma adiponectin levels. There was no correlation between plasma adiponectin levels and severity of acute ischemic stroke.
{"title":"Association between plasma adiponectin levels and severity of acute ischemic stroke","authors":"Deepak S. Phalgune, Siddharth Damle, Arun Bahulikar, Divya Patel, Ajit Tambolkar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.008","url":null,"abstract":"There is little documentation describing the correlation between plasma adiponectin and the severity of ischemic stroke in the Indian population. The present study was aimed to find the correlation between plasma adiponectin levels and severity of acute ischemic stroke using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Modified Rankins Scale (MRS). The present prospective observational study was conducted on 109 patients of confirmed acute ischemic stroke aged ≥ 30 years presenting within 24 hours of new onset of neurodeficits. NIHSS and MRS were measured within 24 hours and 5 days after onset of symptoms respectively. Plasma adiponectin levels were measured. The primary objectives were to find the correlation of plasma adiponectin levels with severity of acute ischemic stroke using the NIHSS and neurological functional outcome using the MRS. The secondary objectives were to find an association of plasma adiponectin levels with serum lipid profile and comorbidities.There was a negative correlation between plasma adiponectin levels and NIHSS score (r = - 0.110, p-value = 0.253) and MRS (r = -0.041, p-value = 0.672) which was not statistically significant. The median plasma adiponectin levels were comparable between the groups of cases with co-morbidity and without co-morbidity. A significantly higher percentage of patients who had high triglyceride levels had normal plasma adiponectin levels. The distribution of other lipid parameters and hypertension did not differ significantly between the groups of cases with normal and abnormal plasma adiponectin levels. There was no correlation between plasma adiponectin levels and severity of acute ischemic stroke.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128786481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A national call for legislation on traditional medicine in the Gambia","authors":"R. Obu","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116709058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prashant Mangla, R. Khadiya, Rajat M. Oswal, K. H. Patel
β – thalassemia major is a chronic inherited blood disorder requiring lifelong treatment including blood transfusion, putting tremendous burden on caregivers of the affected children. Aims were to measure the burden of care, prevalence and severity of depression and anxiety, and their association with various socio-demographic and illness related factors in caregivers of children with β – thalassemia major. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 caregivers of children suffering from β – thalassemia major coming to the Paediatrics department of S.S.G. Hospital, Vadodara. Study tools used were Zarit Burden Interview, General Health Questionnaire-28, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (fifth edition) diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and generalised anxiety disorder, Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales. Forty seven (47%) caregivers had moderate to severe burden of care. Fifty four (54%) caregivers screened positive for having psychiatric morbidity out of which thirty five (35%) had depressive disorders and fourteen (14%) had generalised anxiety disorder. 24 (68.6%) and 9 (64.3%) had moderate to severe depression and anxiety respectively. Burden of care and depression were significantly associated with lower income and those requiring blood transfusions every 2 weeks or less. Thalassemia has its impact not only on the patients but also on the mental health of their caregivers leading to high levels of depression, anxiety and burden of care in them. They should be routinely screened for depression and anxiety to provide adequate mental health care to these individuals.
{"title":"Depression, anxiety and burden of care in caregivers of children with β-thalassemia major","authors":"Prashant Mangla, R. Khadiya, Rajat M. Oswal, K. H. Patel","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.005","url":null,"abstract":"β – thalassemia major is a chronic inherited blood disorder requiring lifelong treatment including blood transfusion, putting tremendous burden on caregivers of the affected children. Aims were to measure the burden of care, prevalence and severity of depression and anxiety, and their association with various socio-demographic and illness related factors in caregivers of children with β – thalassemia major. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 caregivers of children suffering from β – thalassemia major coming to the Paediatrics department of S.S.G. Hospital, Vadodara. Study tools used were Zarit Burden Interview, General Health Questionnaire-28, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (fifth edition) diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders and generalised anxiety disorder, Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales. Forty seven (47%) caregivers had moderate to severe burden of care. Fifty four (54%) caregivers screened positive for having psychiatric morbidity out of which thirty five (35%) had depressive disorders and fourteen (14%) had generalised anxiety disorder. 24 (68.6%) and 9 (64.3%) had moderate to severe depression and anxiety respectively. Burden of care and depression were significantly associated with lower income and those requiring blood transfusions every 2 weeks or less. Thalassemia has its impact not only on the patients but also on the mental health of their caregivers leading to high levels of depression, anxiety and burden of care in them. They should be routinely screened for depression and anxiety to provide adequate mental health care to these individuals.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125385820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tortuosity in anterior circulation has been associated with the outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy (MT). We classified vertebral artery (VA) tortuosity and investigated the effect of VA tortuosity on the outcomes of basilar artery occlusion (BAO) after MT. We enrolled patients who underwent MT for BAO. VA tortuosity was classified into three-types; Type-I: non-tortuous, Type-II: S-shape or VA with acute angulation (<90°), and Type-III: coiled, kinked, or VA with multiple acute angulations. The 3-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS), successful recanalization, and post-MT hemorrhagic transformation (HT) were assessed. A total of 106 patients were included. Age, baseline stroke severity, and the 3-month mRS score were significantly different according to the VA tortuosity (P=0.003, P=0.002, and P<0.001, respectively). A multivariable analysis demonstrated that VA tortuosity was a predictor for mRS score 0-3 (Type-I: reference; Type- II: 0.26 [0.07–0.95], P=0.041; Type-III: 0.12 [0.02–0.82], P=0.031). Moreover, Type-III was associated with less successful recanalization (Type-I: reference; Type-III: 0.12 [0.02–0.84], P=0.032) and was a potential factor for post-MT HT (Type-I: reference; Type-III: 3.09 [0.83– 11.56], P=0.094). VA tortuosity was significantly associated with the stroke outcome after MT for BAO. Initial stroke severity and successful recanalization might affect the stroke outcome.
{"title":"Impact of vertebral artery tortuosity on mechanical thrombectomy for basilar artery occlusion – A tertiary center experience","authors":"M. Waghralkar, Shashidhar Manchala","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.009","url":null,"abstract":"Tortuosity in anterior circulation has been associated with the outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy (MT). We classified vertebral artery (VA) tortuosity and investigated the effect of VA tortuosity on the outcomes of basilar artery occlusion (BAO) after MT. We enrolled patients who underwent MT for BAO. VA tortuosity was classified into three-types; Type-I: non-tortuous, Type-II: S-shape or VA with acute angulation (<90°), and Type-III: coiled, kinked, or VA with multiple acute angulations. The 3-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS), successful recanalization, and post-MT hemorrhagic transformation (HT) were assessed. A total of 106 patients were included. Age, baseline stroke severity, and the 3-month mRS score were significantly different according to the VA tortuosity (P=0.003, P=0.002, and P<0.001, respectively). A multivariable analysis demonstrated that VA tortuosity was a predictor for mRS score 0-3 (Type-I: reference; Type- II: 0.26 [0.07–0.95], P=0.041; Type-III: 0.12 [0.02–0.82], P=0.031). Moreover, Type-III was associated with less successful recanalization (Type-I: reference; Type-III: 0.12 [0.02–0.84], P=0.032) and was a potential factor for post-MT HT (Type-I: reference; Type-III: 3.09 [0.83– 11.56], P=0.094). VA tortuosity was significantly associated with the stroke outcome after MT for BAO. Initial stroke severity and successful recanalization might affect the stroke outcome.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122365089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Motor neuron disorder is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes weakness, respiratory muscle and also bulbar and respiratory failure cause death. Generally motor neuron disorder is sporadic but in some cases roughly 10 is got inherited. According to current studies the new motor neuron disorder genes are found. Pathologically motor neuron disorder & clinically miscellaneous, neuroprotective and remedial targets have been delicate to identified. According to these studies, in motor neuron disorder the evolution growth are similar as bettered understanding of the colorful clinical phenotypes, the boundlessness together the frntotemporal madness, part of genetics, development of standard of care and the global clinical trialspipelines. The vestige of riluzole medicine only disorder modification drug which utilized for the disorder treatment. These drugs have power to improve the cycle of living. In the operation of motor neuron disorder the intensive treatment are important which can be multifunctional. And noninvasive respiratory therapy that involves the delivery of air or a mixture of oxygen combined with other gases by positive pressure into the lungs which can improves the chances of living in MND cases in case of disturbance of exhalation and inhalation. Motor neuron disorder is found further generally in males than females. Motor neuron disease is shown the dropping of neuron in the kidney, spinal cord and mind which show by both up and down motor neuron symptoms & signs they affect arms, bulbar & respiration.
{"title":"Management of motor neuron disease with updated therapies: A review","authors":"Ravi Kumar, Gautam Kumar, K. Saini, Sunita Jha","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.001","url":null,"abstract":"Motor neuron disorder is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes weakness, respiratory muscle and also bulbar and respiratory failure cause death. Generally motor neuron disorder is sporadic but in some cases roughly 10 is got inherited. According to current studies the new motor neuron disorder genes are found. Pathologically motor neuron disorder & clinically miscellaneous, neuroprotective and remedial targets have been delicate to identified. According to these studies, in motor neuron disorder the evolution growth are similar as bettered understanding of the colorful clinical phenotypes, the boundlessness together the frntotemporal madness, part of genetics, development of standard of care and the global clinical trialspipelines. The vestige of riluzole medicine only disorder modification drug which utilized for the disorder treatment. These drugs have power to improve the cycle of living. In the operation of motor neuron disorder the intensive treatment are important which can be multifunctional. And noninvasive respiratory therapy that involves the delivery of air or a mixture of oxygen combined with other gases by positive pressure into the lungs which can improves the chances of living in MND cases in case of disturbance of exhalation and inhalation. Motor neuron disorder is found further generally in males than females. Motor neuron disease is shown the dropping of neuron in the kidney, spinal cord and mind which show by both up and down motor neuron symptoms & signs they affect arms, bulbar & respiration.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116441023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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