{"title":"Pheochromocytoma and cerebral fat embolism: Is there a relation?","authors":"D. Chakraborty","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"744 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
End of life care is a critical aspect of healthcare that aims to provide comfort, dignity, and support to patients with life-limiting illnesses, including neurologically ill patients. Neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and brain tumors can profoundly impact a patient's quality of life and pose unique challenges in end-of-life decision-making and care provision. This article explores the importance of end of life care in neurologically ill patients and outlines key considerations for healthcare providers, patients, their families and mentions on the training for healthcare professionals available in India.
{"title":"End of life care in neurologically ill patients – An Indian perspective","authors":"Mohamed Nidhal","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.037","url":null,"abstract":"End of life care is a critical aspect of healthcare that aims to provide comfort, dignity, and support to patients with life-limiting illnesses, including neurologically ill patients. Neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and brain tumors can profoundly impact a patient's quality of life and pose unique challenges in end-of-life decision-making and care provision. This article explores the importance of end of life care in neurologically ill patients and outlines key considerations for healthcare providers, patients, their families and mentions on the training for healthcare professionals available in India.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"329 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is still a poorly understood and accepted form of treatment for certain psychiatric conditions in our setting due to stigma. We surveyed people with mental illness and their families to appreciate their willingness to consider ECT as a treatment option. Our results corroborate the existing literature but we strongly feel the need to address this situation to improve the outlook of ECT in our community.
{"title":"Willingness survey of electroconsvulsive therapy","authors":"A. Lingeswaran","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.023","url":null,"abstract":"Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is still a poorly understood and accepted form of treatment for certain psychiatric conditions in our setting due to stigma. We surveyed people with mental illness and their families to appreciate their willingness to consider ECT as a treatment option. Our results corroborate the existing literature but we strongly feel the need to address this situation to improve the outlook of ECT in our community.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128697798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypokalemic paralysis is a rare complication of distal renal tubular acidosis from any cause. Those cases diagnosed to have primary Sjogren’s syndrome is rare. Renal tubular acidosis caused by tubulointerstitial nephropathy is an extra glandular manifestation of primary Sjogren’s syndrome. We report three cases of flaccid quadriparesis diagnosed to have hypokalemia due to distal renal tubular acidosis and on furthur evaluation turned out to be Sjogren’s syndrome.
{"title":"Dry eyes, dry mouth & dormant limbs - A case series","authors":"Poornima Nair, K. Sivakumar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.021","url":null,"abstract":"Hypokalemic paralysis is a rare complication of distal renal tubular acidosis from any cause. Those cases diagnosed to have primary Sjogren’s syndrome is rare. Renal tubular acidosis caused by tubulointerstitial nephropathy is an extra glandular manifestation of primary Sjogren’s syndrome. We report three cases of flaccid quadriparesis diagnosed to have hypokalemia due to distal renal tubular acidosis and on furthur evaluation turned out to be Sjogren’s syndrome.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129347453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shruti Shirke, L. Anand, R. Sahu, Fakir Mohan, Megha Scott
Enteral feeding is a procedure that is in practice internationally by nurses. Providing enteral feeding to the patients is an art and science of nursing that follows careful steps and principles. Nurses role is not only confined to administering enteral feed but also of educating, giving instructions to the family members, directing caregivers and significant others regarding initiating and maintaining enteral feeding, so that continuity of nutritional care is maintained even in the home setting. Once the patient is admitted in neurosurgical ICU, hemodynamic stability of the patient is utmost important, as hemodynamic instability of the patient may preclude the safe initiation of EN in the critical care patients. Initial stabilization is the key for patient survival followed by maintenance therapy like drugs, mobilization, position, continuous monitoring and nutrition. For determining the need of enteral feeding especially for neurosurgical and neurological patients three things should be given utmost importance i.e. Swallowing deficit, Unconsciousness (Level of consciousness) and Nutritional requirement. Can be easily remembered as pneumonic SUN.Confirming tube position is one of the critical step in effective enteral feeding practice in spite of that it has given least importance. It is recommended to confirm the tube position immediately after ryles’ tube insertion through radiologic methods which may be not feasible sometimes, therefore bedside methods can also be adopted Auscultation methods and Aspiration method are the most widely used method among all the bed side methods for confirming tube placement. Gastric residual volume is the amount aspirated from the stomach following administration of the enteral feed. An aspirate among of less than 500ml in 4-6 hours or less than 50% of last enteral feed is safe and indicates that GIT is functioning. Most patients nicely tolerate enteral feeding via gastric tube while few patients has delayed gastric emptying and high GRVs as a result of sedation, pain medications, hypothermia, decreased movement and the effect of being critically ill. Intolerance of enteral feeding is defined as more than 500ml or more than 50% of last enteral feeding. Though enteral feeding is the most popular procedure for ICU Nursing officer, but it is the most crucial in terms of deciding patient outcome. Effective enteral feeding requires through knowledge of initiation and maintenance of enteral feeding. Thus, this article propose simple algorithm to follow. Effectively delivering nutrition to the patient requires the help of dietitian and physician/surgeon to deal with its challenges that comes along with this golden feeding technique.
{"title":"Evidence based – Enteral feeding algorithm for Neurosurgery ICU/Ward","authors":"Shruti Shirke, L. Anand, R. Sahu, Fakir Mohan, Megha Scott","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.014","url":null,"abstract":"Enteral feeding is a procedure that is in practice internationally by nurses. Providing enteral feeding to the patients is an art and science of nursing that follows careful steps and principles. Nurses role is not only confined to administering enteral feed but also of educating, giving instructions to the family members, directing caregivers and significant others regarding initiating and maintaining enteral feeding, so that continuity of nutritional care is maintained even in the home setting. Once the patient is admitted in neurosurgical ICU, hemodynamic stability of the patient is utmost important, as hemodynamic instability of the patient may preclude the safe initiation of EN in the critical care patients. Initial stabilization is the key for patient survival followed by maintenance therapy like drugs, mobilization, position, continuous monitoring and nutrition. For determining the need of enteral feeding especially for neurosurgical and neurological patients three things should be given utmost importance i.e. Swallowing deficit, Unconsciousness (Level of consciousness) and Nutritional requirement. Can be easily remembered as pneumonic SUN.Confirming tube position is one of the critical step in effective enteral feeding practice in spite of that it has given least importance. It is recommended to confirm the tube position immediately after ryles’ tube insertion through radiologic methods which may be not feasible sometimes, therefore bedside methods can also be adopted Auscultation methods and Aspiration method are the most widely used method among all the bed side methods for confirming tube placement. Gastric residual volume is the amount aspirated from the stomach following administration of the enteral feed. An aspirate among of less than 500ml in 4-6 hours or less than 50% of last enteral feed is safe and indicates that GIT is functioning. Most patients nicely tolerate enteral feeding via gastric tube while few patients has delayed gastric emptying and high GRVs as a result of sedation, pain medications, hypothermia, decreased movement and the effect of being critically ill. Intolerance of enteral feeding is defined as more than 500ml or more than 50% of last enteral feeding. Though enteral feeding is the most popular procedure for ICU Nursing officer, but it is the most crucial in terms of deciding patient outcome. Effective enteral feeding requires through knowledge of initiation and maintenance of enteral feeding. Thus, this article propose simple algorithm to follow. Effectively delivering nutrition to the patient requires the help of dietitian and physician/surgeon to deal with its challenges that comes along with this golden feeding technique.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115798040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intra-axial epidermoid cysts are rare intracranial space occupying lesions, accounting for ∼1% of all intracranial tumours and are commonly located in the cisternal spaces, mainly in the cerebellopontine angle and parasellar cisterns. A purely intra-axial position as reported in this paper is quite exceptional.The authors report a case of intra-axial epidermoid cyst located in the frontal lobe that was surgically treated. The case is reported in this paper to highlight the fact that, although rare, the possibility of an intra-axial mass being an epidermoid cyst does exist. The origin, clinical course, radiological features, pathological findings, and surgical treatment are discussed based on a review of the literature.
{"title":"Intraaxial epidermoid cyst: Report of a rare case and review of literature","authors":"I. Pant, S. Chaturvedi","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.017","url":null,"abstract":"Intra-axial epidermoid cysts are rare intracranial space occupying lesions, accounting for ∼1% of all intracranial tumours and are commonly located in the cisternal spaces, mainly in the cerebellopontine angle and parasellar cisterns. A purely intra-axial position as reported in this paper is quite exceptional.The authors report a case of intra-axial epidermoid cyst located in the frontal lobe that was surgically treated. The case is reported in this paper to highlight the fact that, although rare, the possibility of an intra-axial mass being an epidermoid cyst does exist. The origin, clinical course, radiological features, pathological findings, and surgical treatment are discussed based on a review of the literature.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116763357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Word finding would be more challenging in a person with aphasia because of a breakdown in lexical semantics. Words may be difficult to locate if they are not stored appropriately or readily available. In addition, the inability to access language could be the result of a weakness in either the lemma node, leading to verbal paraphasia, or the phoneme retrieval, leading to phonemic paraphasia. Commonly used to avoid this lexical semantic gap, cueing allows for clearer communication. SFA and PCA methods are also used to aid in the search for appropriate words. The study was carried out on persons with anomic aphasia. After determining the source of the lexical semantic breakdown, the goal of this research was to determine an appropriate therapeutic strategy. There were 12 people with anomic aphasia who participated in the research. Tasks tapping phoneme judgment and semantic judgment were given to the participants. Two individuals withdrew out of the study, while four subjects fared poorly on PCA (group 1). Six subjects performed poorly on the semantic judgment test (group 2). Training for Group 1 used PCA, while training for Group 2 used SFA. After training, participants' ability to recall names and verbs was evaluated using the Boston Naming Test and the Action Naming Test. After training, participants in both groups showed considerable improvement on the retests of the naming and judgment tasks.
{"title":"Identifying the loci of lexical semantic breakdown in aphasia and the choice of therapy techniques","authors":"Haripriya Telakkadan, Sumanth Arakere Venkatesh, Abhishek Buddiguppe Panchakshari","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.016","url":null,"abstract":"Word finding would be more challenging in a person with aphasia because of a breakdown in lexical semantics. Words may be difficult to locate if they are not stored appropriately or readily available. In addition, the inability to access language could be the result of a weakness in either the lemma node, leading to verbal paraphasia, or the phoneme retrieval, leading to phonemic paraphasia. Commonly used to avoid this lexical semantic gap, cueing allows for clearer communication. SFA and PCA methods are also used to aid in the search for appropriate words. The study was carried out on persons with anomic aphasia. After determining the source of the lexical semantic breakdown, the goal of this research was to determine an appropriate therapeutic strategy. There were 12 people with anomic aphasia who participated in the research. Tasks tapping phoneme judgment and semantic judgment were given to the participants. Two individuals withdrew out of the study, while four subjects fared poorly on PCA (group 1). Six subjects performed poorly on the semantic judgment test (group 2). Training for Group 1 used PCA, while training for Group 2 used SFA. After training, participants' ability to recall names and verbs was evaluated using the Boston Naming Test and the Action Naming Test. After training, participants in both groups showed considerable improvement on the retests of the naming and judgment tasks.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130034217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are emerging as attractive alternatives to vitamin K antagonist which have long been the standard of care in anticoagulation. DOACs are indicated for both prevention and treatment. DOACs have emerged as more effective, safe, and convenient treatment options in thromboembolic settings. With the availability of a gamut of DOACs, clinicians are faced with challenging decisions relating to its hemorrhagic adverse effects. This review will provide an overview on how to manage the hemorrhagic adverse effects of DOACs/vitamin K antagonists and act as a practical guide for clinicians to optimize DOAC use in such challenging scenarios. Topics addressed include transitioning between anticoagulant regimens known as the bridge therapy.
{"title":"DOACs/vitamin K antagonists induced hemorrhagic adverse effects; How to bridge therapy before procedures","authors":"Divya Kp, A. Cherian, Naveen Kumar Paramasivan","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.013","url":null,"abstract":"Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are emerging as attractive alternatives to vitamin K antagonist which have long been the standard of care in anticoagulation. DOACs are indicated for both prevention and treatment. DOACs have emerged as more effective, safe, and convenient treatment options in thromboembolic settings. With the availability of a gamut of DOACs, clinicians are faced with challenging decisions relating to its hemorrhagic adverse effects. This review will provide an overview on how to manage the hemorrhagic adverse effects of DOACs/vitamin K antagonists and act as a practical guide for clinicians to optimize DOAC use in such challenging scenarios. Topics addressed include transitioning between anticoagulant regimens known as the bridge therapy.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124233995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality even in this modern era. Since treating vasospasm is a challenging task, we emphasize in developing newer aganets for the treatment of vasospasm. In the hyper acute phase, patients with SAH can have catecholamine surge-related arrhythmia, neurogenic pulmonary edema, and irreversible damage to the hypothalamus and brainstem. Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a serious complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). Though there are many clinical trials to look upon the therapies for DCI and vasospasm in aSAH, none have led to an improvement in outcome of the patient.The prognosis of patients with SAH is grave even with the recent advancements in medical treatments. One of the main cause for this situation, that there are no usable neuroprotective drugs that can be used as soon as SAH is diagnosed. We report a case of ruptured Post Communicating Artery (PCOM) aneurysm with diffuse SAH causing severe vasospasm leading to extensive bilateral anterior and posterior ischemic stroke causing severe morbidity. Since there is no therapeutic breakthrough in treatment of aneurysmal SAH, we emphasize in developing a same.
{"title":"Extensive bilateral anterior and posterior circulation ischemic stroke caused by severe vasospasm (Delayed cerebral ischemia) due to aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) - A case report","authors":"S. Balaji, S. Venkatesan","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.019","url":null,"abstract":"Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality even in this modern era. Since treating vasospasm is a challenging task, we emphasize in developing newer aganets for the treatment of vasospasm. In the hyper acute phase, patients with SAH can have catecholamine surge-related arrhythmia, neurogenic pulmonary edema, and irreversible damage to the hypothalamus and brainstem. Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a serious complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). Though there are many clinical trials to look upon the therapies for DCI and vasospasm in aSAH, none have led to an improvement in outcome of the patient.The prognosis of patients with SAH is grave even with the recent advancements in medical treatments. One of the main cause for this situation, that there are no usable neuroprotective drugs that can be used as soon as SAH is diagnosed. We report a case of ruptured Post Communicating Artery (PCOM) aneurysm with diffuse SAH causing severe vasospasm leading to extensive bilateral anterior and posterior ischemic stroke causing severe morbidity. Since there is no therapeutic breakthrough in treatment of aneurysmal SAH, we emphasize in developing a same.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122465069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kondekar, Sharandeep Kaur G. Siddhu, Neeta A. Naik
There are high rates of epileptiform EEGs in children with ASD without a history of seizures or epilepsy. ASD is associated with a higher risk of epilepsy with prevalence ranging from 5%-46%. The study was conducted to detect the prevalence of EEG abnormalities in ASD patients and to evaluate the spectrum of EEG changes in epileptic and nonepileptic patients with their clinical features and severity of ASD. The study was conducted at the tertiary care centre. A total of 140 cases with ASD, who met DSM V criteria for autism were studied. All the cases were screened with history taking, physical, neurological, and neuropsychiatric evaluation. These children were subjected to psychological testing using the ISAA scoring system. All the studied cases were also subjected to EEG testing. The prevalence of EEG changes (epileptic and non-epileptic discharges) in our study was 45%, with EEG changes seen in 28.44% of cases of ASD without seizure. In ASD cases with seizure, the most common seizure type was generalized tonic-clonic convulsion (GTCS), on the contrary, most common EEG changes were focal epileptiform activity. Most of EEG had shown well-formed background, except for few which were slow for age. The most dominant background rhythm was theta intermixed with delta followed by theta and delta intermixed with alpha in those children with seizures. Whereas, in children without a history of seizure, the dominant rhythm was delta theta alpha and theta delta. This may be due the o large number of EEG recordings being sleep EEG. We will like to hypothesize that the predominant EEG changes in the frontal lobe may have some neuronal link in the pathogenesis of behavior pattern in ASD. We also propose that more detailed study with different types of EEG and with a larger sample size should be done in the future.
{"title":"The spectrum of electroencephalographic characteristics in children with autistic spectrum disorder at a tertiary care centre","authors":"A. Kondekar, Sharandeep Kaur G. Siddhu, Neeta A. Naik","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.015","url":null,"abstract":"There are high rates of epileptiform EEGs in children with ASD without a history of seizures or epilepsy. ASD is associated with a higher risk of epilepsy with prevalence ranging from 5%-46%. The study was conducted to detect the prevalence of EEG abnormalities in ASD patients and to evaluate the spectrum of EEG changes in epileptic and nonepileptic patients with their clinical features and severity of ASD. The study was conducted at the tertiary care centre. A total of 140 cases with ASD, who met DSM V criteria for autism were studied. All the cases were screened with history taking, physical, neurological, and neuropsychiatric evaluation. These children were subjected to psychological testing using the ISAA scoring system. All the studied cases were also subjected to EEG testing. The prevalence of EEG changes (epileptic and non-epileptic discharges) in our study was 45%, with EEG changes seen in 28.44% of cases of ASD without seizure. In ASD cases with seizure, the most common seizure type was generalized tonic-clonic convulsion (GTCS), on the contrary, most common EEG changes were focal epileptiform activity. Most of EEG had shown well-formed background, except for few which were slow for age. The most dominant background rhythm was theta intermixed with delta followed by theta and delta intermixed with alpha in those children with seizures. Whereas, in children without a history of seizure, the dominant rhythm was delta theta alpha and theta delta. This may be due the o large number of EEG recordings being sleep EEG. We will like to hypothesize that the predominant EEG changes in the frontal lobe may have some neuronal link in the pathogenesis of behavior pattern in ASD. We also propose that more detailed study with different types of EEG and with a larger sample size should be done in the future.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126511759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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