Nikhat Afshan, Sarath Bodepudi, Therissa Benerji, M. Kodali, K. Parvathaneni
Attention-deficit /hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was originally defined in children but is now recognized to persist into adulthood or is independently diagnosed in some adults. It is associated with impairment across multiple domains, including home, college and, work and can lead to excessive internet usage, social withdrawal, substance abuse disorders, fatigue, job loss, mood changes, and distress. To look for adult ADHD and Internet Addiction among undergraduate medical college students. Designed as a cross-sectional study conducted on undergraduate medical college students. This is a cross-sectional study involving 501 undergraduate medical college students between 18-25 years of age. The Adult ADHD Self-report scale (ASRSv1.2) was applied to screen for adult ADHD. Young’s internet addiction scale (IAT) was applied to look for internet addiction. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25. The mean age of the participants was 20.3 years. Most of the participants (54.9%) who screened positive for adult ADHD belonged to the younger age group (20-21 years). Mild internet addiction was seen in 34.5% of the participants, moderate in 6.4%, severe in 0.2 % and 58.9% had no internet addiction. Students who had screened positive for adult ADHD reported more addictive tendencies. Higher levels of ADHD symptoms were associated with increased Internet addiction among undergraduate medical college students. This study shows that adult ADHD can be one of the reasons leading to internet addiction among students. An understanding of the magnitude of the problem is essential for early screening and timely psychiatric intervention for the better functional outcome for the students.
{"title":"Adult ADHD and internet addiction among undergraduate medical college students","authors":"Nikhat Afshan, Sarath Bodepudi, Therissa Benerji, M. Kodali, K. Parvathaneni","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.006","url":null,"abstract":"Attention-deficit /hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was originally defined in children but is now recognized to persist into adulthood or is independently diagnosed in some adults. It is associated with impairment across multiple domains, including home, college and, work and can lead to excessive internet usage, social withdrawal, substance abuse disorders, fatigue, job loss, mood changes, and distress. To look for adult ADHD and Internet Addiction among undergraduate medical college students. Designed as a cross-sectional study conducted on undergraduate medical college students. This is a cross-sectional study involving 501 undergraduate medical college students between 18-25 years of age. The Adult ADHD Self-report scale (ASRSv1.2) was applied to screen for adult ADHD. Young’s internet addiction scale (IAT) was applied to look for internet addiction. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25. The mean age of the participants was 20.3 years. Most of the participants (54.9%) who screened positive for adult ADHD belonged to the younger age group (20-21 years). Mild internet addiction was seen in 34.5% of the participants, moderate in 6.4%, severe in 0.2 % and 58.9% had no internet addiction. Students who had screened positive for adult ADHD reported more addictive tendencies. Higher levels of ADHD symptoms were associated with increased Internet addiction among undergraduate medical college students. This study shows that adult ADHD can be one of the reasons leading to internet addiction among students. An understanding of the magnitude of the problem is essential for early screening and timely psychiatric intervention for the better functional outcome for the students.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125334922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder known as Myasthenia Gravis (MG). The relationship of myasthenia gravis with pituitary adenomas is relatively uncommon, despite the fact that it is widely known that people with the condition have a higher prevalence of other autoimmune diseases. Here, we describe the case of a 45-year-old Indian man who had complained of severe cephalgia, associated with ocular pain, dizziness, diplopia, ptosis of the unilateral right eye. Although he has a history of severe headaches that started prior to 3 months, his complaints became more obvious at the end of the day. An MRI of the brain revealed an increased pituitary gland that measured 13.7 × 15.5 x 16. 9 mm. Furthermore, post admission histological examinations supported the diagnosis of a double seronegative ocular myasthenia gravis and non-functional pituitary macroadenoma. Following treatment, it was discovered that Pyridostigmin and Prednisolone considerably reduced his myasthenia symptoms. Finally, it should be noted that pituitary tumours are one potential underlying cause of headache in myasthenic patients.
{"title":"Rare case of double seronegative ocular myasthenia gravis and non-functional pituitary macroadenoma","authors":"Saisujay Vishwanatha, Raghuram Vaddepally","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.011","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder known as Myasthenia Gravis (MG). The relationship of myasthenia gravis with pituitary adenomas is relatively uncommon, despite the fact that it is widely known that people with the condition have a higher prevalence of other autoimmune diseases. Here, we describe the case of a 45-year-old Indian man who had complained of severe cephalgia, associated with ocular pain, dizziness, diplopia, ptosis of the unilateral right eye. Although he has a history of severe headaches that started prior to 3 months, his complaints became more obvious at the end of the day. An MRI of the brain revealed an increased pituitary gland that measured 13.7 × 15.5 x 16. 9 mm. Furthermore, post admission histological examinations supported the diagnosis of a double seronegative ocular myasthenia gravis and non-functional pituitary macroadenoma. Following treatment, it was discovered that Pyridostigmin and Prednisolone considerably reduced his myasthenia symptoms. Finally, it should be noted that pituitary tumours are one potential underlying cause of headache in myasthenic patients.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127424736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since last 10 years, the authors have established what seems designate a extremely effective phenomenological model-prototype for evaluating the D B S in alleviating symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD). In this study, we broaden the scope of the model applying it to predict the computation and then generating more frequencies as of net-works (NW) tuned to a particular frequency, in fact not an self - oscillatory in any way. Two main issues discussed, 1. basic and fundamental systems are connected (or coupled) in an excitatory vogue, that is designated by ‘+ / +’, 2. Where the basic/constituent systems are connected in excitatory-inhibitory way, designated by ‘+ / -’. It expects that as of a ‘basic-system’ tuned-to tremor-frequency such that we can compute/ generate infinite (limitless) range-of-frequencies. Our example specifically, start as of systems that are primarily non oscillatory, which while the connecting coefficient surpasses a certain/threshold-value, the system starts to oscillate by the signal-amplitude that enhances through he connecting/‘coupling-strength’. One more feature-manifestation, that shown to rise by connecting complex net-works based on physiology of basal-ganglia(BG) be exemplified through “root-locus” strategy method that displays enhancing plus reducing oscillatory frequencies, present concurrently, has the theory which their symmetrical average-mean leftovers/remnants significantly continuous as the connecting-strength(amplitude) is speckled. Through this method, we are offering a new utility-tool to comprehend reality also interface of “pathological-oscillations” that trigger, PD plus more ailments ex. Memory, cognition, cognitive-impairment (CI), cognitive dementia (CD), depression, epileptic-seizures, Tourette’s syndrome, Huntington’s disease, and axial symptoms like speech, hallucinations, and gait.
在过去的10年里，作者已经建立了一个似乎是指定的非常有效的现象学模型-原型来评估D B S减轻帕金森病(PD)的症状。在这项研究中，我们扩大了模型的范围，应用它来预测计算，然后产生更多的频率作为网络(NW)调谐到一个特定的频率，实际上不是一个自振荡在任何方式。讨论了两个主要问题;基本系统和基本系统以“+ / +”，2表示的兴奋时尚连接(或耦合)。其中基本/组成系统以兴奋-抑制方式连接，用“+ / -”表示。它期望作为一个“基本系统”调谐到振动频率，这样我们就可以计算/产生无限(无限)的频率范围。具体来说，我们的例子从主要是非振荡的系统开始，当连接系数超过一定/阈值时，系统开始通过连接/“耦合强度”增强的信号幅度振荡。另一个特征表现是，通过连接基于基底神经节(BG)生理学的复杂网络而上升，通过“根-轨迹”策略方法举例说明，该方法显示增强和减少振荡频率，同时存在的理论是，它们的对称平均剩余物/残余物随着连接强度(振幅)的斑点化而显著连续。通过这种方法，我们提供了一种新的实用工具来理解现实，以及触发PD和更多疾病的“病理振荡”界面，例如记忆、认知、认知障碍(CI)、认知痴呆(CD)、抑郁、癫痫发作、图雷特氏综合征、亨廷顿氏病，以及语言、幻觉和步态等轴向症状。
{"title":"Microelectrode recordings (MER) signals with subthalami nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) local field potentials (LFP) in basal ganglion circuitry in Parkinsonians","authors":"V. R. Raju","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.003","url":null,"abstract":"Since last 10 years, the authors have established what seems designate a extremely effective phenomenological model-prototype for evaluating the D B S in alleviating symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD). In this study, we broaden the scope of the model applying it to predict the computation and then generating more frequencies as of net-works (NW) tuned to a particular frequency, in fact not an self - oscillatory in any way. Two main issues discussed, 1. basic and fundamental systems are connected (or coupled) in an excitatory vogue, that is designated by ‘+ / +’, 2. Where the basic/constituent systems are connected in excitatory-inhibitory way, designated by ‘+ / -’. It expects that as of a ‘basic-system’ tuned-to tremor-frequency such that we can compute/ generate infinite (limitless) range-of-frequencies. Our example specifically, start as of systems that are primarily non oscillatory, which while the connecting coefficient surpasses a certain/threshold-value, the system starts to oscillate by the signal-amplitude that enhances through he connecting/‘coupling-strength’. One more feature-manifestation, that shown to rise by connecting complex net-works based on physiology of basal-ganglia(BG) be exemplified through “root-locus” strategy method that displays enhancing plus reducing oscillatory frequencies, present concurrently, has the theory which their symmetrical average-mean leftovers/remnants significantly continuous as the connecting-strength(amplitude) is speckled. Through this method, we are offering a new utility-tool to comprehend reality also interface of “pathological-oscillations” that trigger, PD plus more ailments ex. Memory, cognition, cognitive-impairment (CI), cognitive dementia (CD), depression, epileptic-seizures, Tourette’s syndrome, Huntington’s disease, and axial symptoms like speech, hallucinations, and gait.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126753771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brivaracetam (BRV) is a new antiepileptic drug (AED) approved for adjunctive treatment of focal (partial-onset) seizures in adults. It is a selective, high-affinity ligand for synaptic vesicle 2A (SV2A) with much higher affinity than Levetiracetam (LEV). It has a high lipid solubility and rapid brain penetration, and has been shown to have potent broad-spectrum antiepileptic activity in animal models. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of BRV in everyday clinical practice. This observational study included 35 participants, suffering from different types of epilepsy. Patients were observed over a period of 1 year and data was collected using an interview design model. After the initial interview, a final interview took place after 1 year. Various parameters studied included demographic parameters, seizure frequency and duration, any side effects such as behavioral issues. This study included total 35 patients. The mean age of the participants was 33 years (range 3 – 90 years). Approximately 63% patients demonstrated a decrease in seizure frequency after switching to Brivacetam. Out of these patients, 76% patients were those patients, who were earlier treated with Levetiracetam, and it was discontinued either due to inadequate control of seizures or prominent side-effects. Brivaracetam also improved emotional balance in the treated patients (treatment naïve or Levetiracteam associated behavioral issues).Brivaracetam seems to be an effective and safe antiepileptic drug in the routine clinical setting.
{"title":"Efficacy of brivacetam as an anti-epileptic in patients with epilepsy, with special reference to previous exposure to levetiractam","authors":"M. Waghralkar, Shashidhar Manchala","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.004","url":null,"abstract":"Brivaracetam (BRV) is a new antiepileptic drug (AED) approved for adjunctive treatment of focal (partial-onset) seizures in adults. It is a selective, high-affinity ligand for synaptic vesicle 2A (SV2A) with much higher affinity than Levetiracetam (LEV). It has a high lipid solubility and rapid brain penetration, and has been shown to have potent broad-spectrum antiepileptic activity in animal models. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of BRV in everyday clinical practice. This observational study included 35 participants, suffering from different types of epilepsy. Patients were observed over a period of 1 year and data was collected using an interview design model. After the initial interview, a final interview took place after 1 year. Various parameters studied included demographic parameters, seizure frequency and duration, any side effects such as behavioral issues. This study included total 35 patients. The mean age of the participants was 33 years (range 3 – 90 years). Approximately 63% patients demonstrated a decrease in seizure frequency after switching to Brivacetam. Out of these patients, 76% patients were those patients, who were earlier treated with Levetiracetam, and it was discontinued either due to inadequate control of seizures or prominent side-effects. Brivaracetam also improved emotional balance in the treated patients (treatment naïve or Levetiracteam associated behavioral issues).Brivaracetam seems to be an effective and safe antiepileptic drug in the routine clinical setting.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134215958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To study clinical course and complications in patients diagnosed to have post-traumatic pneumocephalus based on: 1. Patterns of associated skull fractures; 2 Findings seen in CT scan which may be risk factors for development of CSFR, meningitis or tension pneumocephalus. To study clinical outcome in patients with PTP This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 14 months from 15 Nov. 2017 to 15 Jan. 2019 in Goa Medical College, a tertiary care centre for the management of all kind of trauma patients including TBI. The study included all cases of TBI with CT head showing PTP alonwith there radiological findings, clinical course, complications and its management outcome. A total of 102 cases of post-traumatic pneumocephalus were included in the study. Motor vehicle accident was found to be major cause of PTP (79.41%). The most common site of post traumatic PTP was subdural (45.1%). Majority of the patients with PTP had focal PTP underlying the fracture segment (63.73%). Majority of the patients (30) had either isolated fracture frontal sinus (18) or multiple basal (12). CSFR was seen in 13 patients. Majority (74.51%) of patients were treated conservatively. Most of operative interventions were done for associated EDH, SDH, Contusion or diffuse brain injuries. Comminuted depressed fracture frontal sinus is most common fracture associated in patients with massive pneumocephalus and CSFR. All patients with evidence of post traumatic PTP and basal skull fracture must be followed over longer period as delayed onset TP, CSF leak and meningitis didn’t show any specific pattern with initial presentation.The use of prophylactic anticonvulsants should be based on the presence of other indications for it.Patients with PTP can be managed without prophylactic antibiotics which can be reserved then only for those with contaminated injuries.TP, CSF leak and meningitis are life threatening complications of PTP. Early recognition and high index of clinical suspicion and prompt treatment results in improvement of vast majority of patients.
{"title":"Post traumatic pneumocephalus, its complications and management outcome: A prospective study in tertiary care center","authors":"Zafar KAmal Anjum, P. Sundaram","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2023.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2023.007","url":null,"abstract":"To study clinical course and complications in patients diagnosed to have post-traumatic pneumocephalus based on: 1. Patterns of associated skull fractures; 2 Findings seen in CT scan which may be risk factors for development of CSFR, meningitis or tension pneumocephalus. To study clinical outcome in patients with PTP This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 14 months from 15 Nov. 2017 to 15 Jan. 2019 in Goa Medical College, a tertiary care centre for the management of all kind of trauma patients including TBI. The study included all cases of TBI with CT head showing PTP alonwith there radiological findings, clinical course, complications and its management outcome. A total of 102 cases of post-traumatic pneumocephalus were included in the study. Motor vehicle accident was found to be major cause of PTP (79.41%). The most common site of post traumatic PTP was subdural (45.1%). Majority of the patients with PTP had focal PTP underlying the fracture segment (63.73%). Majority of the patients (30) had either isolated fracture frontal sinus (18) or multiple basal (12). CSFR was seen in 13 patients. Majority (74.51%) of patients were treated conservatively. Most of operative interventions were done for associated EDH, SDH, Contusion or diffuse brain injuries. Comminuted depressed fracture frontal sinus is most common fracture associated in patients with massive pneumocephalus and CSFR. All patients with evidence of post traumatic PTP and basal skull fracture must be followed over longer period as delayed onset TP, CSF leak and meningitis didn’t show any specific pattern with initial presentation.The use of prophylactic anticonvulsants should be based on the presence of other indications for it.Patients with PTP can be managed without prophylactic antibiotics which can be reserved then only for those with contaminated injuries.TP, CSF leak and meningitis are life threatening complications of PTP. Early recognition and high index of clinical suspicion and prompt treatment results in improvement of vast majority of patients.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124034257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nissi Chrysolite Gongati, V. Agrawal, Srinivasulu Poluru
Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a type of neuro-cutaneous diseases which is seen in 1 in 50,000 populations and affects both the sexes equally. It usually manifests with a facial Port Wine Stain (PWS). Facial port-wine stains are usually isolated findings, however, when associated with cerebral and ocular vascular malformations they form part of the classical triad of Sturge-weber syndrome (SWS). The prevalence of PWS is estimated at three to five children per 1000 live births; there are ~26 million people worldwide with PWS birthmarks. The majority of facial PWS (~90%) are unilateral in a trigeminal dermatomal distribution. Here, we report a case of 39 years old female with SWS who presented with classical triad of SWS i.e., bilateral port-wine stain, epilepsy and severe glaucoma.
{"title":"A case report on type I sturge weber syndrome with bilateral port-wine stain","authors":"Nissi Chrysolite Gongati, V. Agrawal, Srinivasulu Poluru","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2022.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2022.054","url":null,"abstract":"Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a type of neuro-cutaneous diseases which is seen in 1 in 50,000 populations and affects both the sexes equally. It usually manifests with a facial Port Wine Stain (PWS). Facial port-wine stains are usually isolated findings, however, when associated with cerebral and ocular vascular malformations they form part of the classical triad of Sturge-weber syndrome (SWS). The prevalence of PWS is estimated at three to five children per 1000 live births; there are ~26 million people worldwide with PWS birthmarks. The majority of facial PWS (~90%) are unilateral in a trigeminal dermatomal distribution. Here, we report a case of 39 years old female with SWS who presented with classical triad of SWS i.e., bilateral port-wine stain, epilepsy and severe glaucoma.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128843047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gaurav J. Shah, J. Chaudhary, Pranav B. Joshi, Shalin Shah, Mayank A Patel, Sudhir Shah
Amyloidosis is a systemic disease that results in the deposition of amyloid fibrils in a variety of tissues causing their progressive dysfunction. Systemic amyloidosis involves Kidney, Heart, Skin, Peripheral nerve and rarely muscle. Amyloid myopathy (AM) is a rare manifestation of primary systemic amyloidosis (AL). Amyloid myopathy frequently occurs in the setting of systemic amyloidosis and less commonly in isolation (isolated amyloid myopathy). It can present with proximal muscle weakness and an increased creatinine kinase level. Muscle involvement is associated with amyloid deposits around small blood vessels and muscle fibers. We present a case of rapidly progressive muscle weakness with dysphagia. The diagnosis was confirmed by demonstration of amyloid protein by Thioflavin immune-florescence staining on abdominal fat pad biopsy.
{"title":"Amyloid myopathy: A rare cause of quadreparesis with bulbar palsy","authors":"Gaurav J. Shah, J. Chaudhary, Pranav B. Joshi, Shalin Shah, Mayank A Patel, Sudhir Shah","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2022.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2022.053","url":null,"abstract":"Amyloidosis is a systemic disease that results in the deposition of amyloid fibrils in a variety of tissues causing their progressive dysfunction. Systemic amyloidosis involves Kidney, Heart, Skin, Peripheral nerve and rarely muscle. Amyloid myopathy (AM) is a rare manifestation of primary systemic amyloidosis (AL). Amyloid myopathy frequently occurs in the setting of systemic amyloidosis and less commonly in isolation (isolated amyloid myopathy). It can present with proximal muscle weakness and an increased creatinine kinase level. Muscle involvement is associated with amyloid deposits around small blood vessels and muscle fibers. We present a case of rapidly progressive muscle weakness with dysphagia. The diagnosis was confirmed by demonstration of amyloid protein by Thioflavin immune-florescence staining on abdominal fat pad biopsy.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130744632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sodium valproate is a broad spectrum antiepileptic drug (AED) and is being widely used in various neuro-psychiatric conditions. It can cause hyper-ammonemic encephalopathy (HE) especially when used with other anti-epileptics like topiramate, phenobarbitone, phenytoin etc. Here we describe such a patient who was taking valproate for bipolar disorder with no other AEDs and earlier misdiagnosed as viral encephalitis, which on further evaluation was found to be suffering from HE. The patient was managed accordingly and recovered completely.
{"title":"Valproate enduced encephalopathy in a psychiatric patient with normal liver function tests","authors":"Shubhakaran Khichar","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2022.057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2022.057","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium valproate is a broad spectrum antiepileptic drug (AED) and is being widely used in various neuro-psychiatric conditions. It can cause hyper-ammonemic encephalopathy (HE) especially when used with other anti-epileptics like topiramate, phenobarbitone, phenytoin etc. Here we describe such a patient who was taking valproate for bipolar disorder with no other AEDs and earlier misdiagnosed as viral encephalitis, which on further evaluation was found to be suffering from HE. The patient was managed accordingly and recovered completely.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134239024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using MRI and PET methods, neuroscience has made significant progress in understanding the episodic events of the human brain under varied cognitive situations throughout the last century. However, the higher resolutions of the memory locus, which consists of a neuro-glial ensemble for episodic memory, are unclear and must be clarified. Additionally, attempts have been made to create new nano technologies for mapping complete brains and related engrams with single neuro-glial accuracy and resolution in the hopes of unlocking the secrets of the brain by delving into Brain Activity Map (BAM). This hypothetical research is the first of its kind to suggest a novel method for understanding episodic memory in mouse brains by mapping brain activity at the functional connectome (engram) level and focused on neuro-glia-ECM (Extracellular Matrix). I propose to paint the memory engram at the neuro glia-ECM canvas of the mouse brain by engineering and inserting novel "Biologically Active Messengers: Bidirectional Messengers (BM)s/ Alternative Clones (AC)s and Transcriptional/ Translational Messenger (TM)s" coupled with different colour tags into transgenic mice via Transposon and Recombination, followed by behavioural analysis and Clarity. The BMs will be produced in all neuro-glial cells via a bicistronic promoter (Neuro-glia specific promoter + Tetracycline Responsive Element) led by a tetracycline transactivator gene driven by an immediate early gene (c-Fos/ Arc), whereas the TMs will be expressed via an endogenous promoter. The viability of all constructions (BMs, ACs, and TMs) as well as the process of painting will be tested in cortical/ hippocampal culture by chemically generating long term potentiation (cLTP). Fear consolidation (Fear context and Recall by contextual cue) tests will be administered to adult transgenic mice, followed by Clarity coupled Immunostaining to investigate the neuro-glia-ECM ensemble after whole brain imaging using a Light Sheet Microscope. Finally, the steady state behaviour of normal mice will be compared to the episodic picture of a colourful painted engram. At both the functional connectome and activity levels, this holistic painting method will highlight cognition over multiple timelines of a working memory region. Bidirectional Messenger (Biological Boomerang) has huge implications in neuropsychiatric illness, generation of artificial blood, cancer treatment, and regenerative medicine in the near future, according to my intuition.
{"title":"Painting memory engram by biologically active messengers –The molecular time travel for the search of memory","authors":"K. Ganguly","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2022.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2022.051","url":null,"abstract":"Using MRI and PET methods, neuroscience has made significant progress in understanding the episodic events of the human brain under varied cognitive situations throughout the last century. However, the higher resolutions of the memory locus, which consists of a neuro-glial ensemble for episodic memory, are unclear and must be clarified. Additionally, attempts have been made to create new nano technologies for mapping complete brains and related engrams with single neuro-glial accuracy and resolution in the hopes of unlocking the secrets of the brain by delving into Brain Activity Map (BAM). This hypothetical research is the first of its kind to suggest a novel method for understanding episodic memory in mouse brains by mapping brain activity at the functional connectome (engram) level and focused on neuro-glia-ECM (Extracellular Matrix). I propose to paint the memory engram at the neuro glia-ECM canvas of the mouse brain by engineering and inserting novel \"Biologically Active Messengers: Bidirectional Messengers (BM)s/ Alternative Clones (AC)s and Transcriptional/ Translational Messenger (TM)s\" coupled with different colour tags into transgenic mice via Transposon and Recombination, followed by behavioural analysis and Clarity. The BMs will be produced in all neuro-glial cells via a bicistronic promoter (Neuro-glia specific promoter + Tetracycline Responsive Element) led by a tetracycline transactivator gene driven by an immediate early gene (c-Fos/ Arc), whereas the TMs will be expressed via an endogenous promoter. The viability of all constructions (BMs, ACs, and TMs) as well as the process of painting will be tested in cortical/ hippocampal culture by chemically generating long term potentiation (cLTP). Fear consolidation (Fear context and Recall by contextual cue) tests will be administered to adult transgenic mice, followed by Clarity coupled Immunostaining to investigate the neuro-glia-ECM ensemble after whole brain imaging using a Light Sheet Microscope. Finally, the steady state behaviour of normal mice will be compared to the episodic picture of a colourful painted engram. At both the functional connectome and activity levels, this holistic painting method will highlight cognition over multiple timelines of a working memory region. Bidirectional Messenger (Biological Boomerang) has huge implications in neuropsychiatric illness, generation of artificial blood, cancer treatment, and regenerative medicine in the near future, according to my intuition.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129150618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sajeesh Parameswaran, Ponnu Sankarapillai, Ajith Mohan, Anil Kumar T V, Aswin Ganesh M, A. M. Pillai
Narcolepsy is a rare disorder of sleep wake cycle which can result in persistent excessive day time sleepiness. It is due to the deficiency of the Orexin/Hypocretin in the body. Most of these cases are reported in young adults and are difficult to diagnose early. This can lead to serious impairments in social and occupational settings if not promptly treated. Thus we are reporting an interesting case of a teenager who presented with falls. He was diagnosed with nocturnal Polysomnography followed by Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), and he significantly benefitted from treatment with Modafinil.
{"title":"Syncope masquerading narcolepsy- An unusual presentation","authors":"Sajeesh Parameswaran, Ponnu Sankarapillai, Ajith Mohan, Anil Kumar T V, Aswin Ganesh M, A. M. Pillai","doi":"10.18231/j.ijn.2022.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2022.056","url":null,"abstract":"Narcolepsy is a rare disorder of sleep wake cycle which can result in persistent excessive day time sleepiness. It is due to the deficiency of the Orexin/Hypocretin in the body. Most of these cases are reported in young adults and are difficult to diagnose early. This can lead to serious impairments in social and occupational settings if not promptly treated. Thus we are reporting an interesting case of a teenager who presented with falls. He was diagnosed with nocturnal Polysomnography followed by Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), and he significantly benefitted from treatment with Modafinil.","PeriodicalId":415114,"journal":{"name":"IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134191402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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