T. C. Chamindu Deepagoda, M. Lakshani, Sarath Nissanka, Sujithra Kaushaliya Weragoda, D. M. J. Senanayake, G. S. Babu, Hoysala N. Chanakya, Shoichiro Hamamoto, Bjoern Ole Sander, Timothy J. Clough, B. Elberling, Kathleen Smits, Kahwaththa Gamage Inoka Damayanthi Kumari
With increasing demand for rice productivity linked with intense pressure on water availability in Asia, novel strategies are sought to optimise water management in paddy cultivation without compromising the yield. The conventional submerged paddy ecosystems not only consume water excessively but also constitute a major source of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), two highly potent greenhouse gases (GHG). The main objective of this study is to investigate the alternate wetting and draining (AWD) method as an emerging water-saving strategy for Asian countries, which could potentially minimise GHG emissions while maintaining crop productivity. Seasonal CH4 and N2O emissions from Sri Lankan and Indian experimental sites under the AWD method were compared with emissions from the conventional completely flooded (CF) method, while Japanese experimental sites were used to examine CH4 ebullition under CF conditions. Emission measurements were conducted in both wet and dry seasons with no alterations to country-specific applications of fertiliser and soil amendments. Overall results revealed that AWD could potentially suppress CH4 emissions by 32 to 43% without a significant statistical contrast (p > 0.05) in the crop yield. Measurements in Japan revealed that ebullition accounted for 60% of the total methane emissions at the heading stage under CF conditions. Results further emphasise the use of agricultural amendments with caution in paddy cultivation as they may lead to enhanced methane emissions.
{"title":"Impact of Water Management on Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emission Dynamics in Asian Paddy Ecosystems","authors":"T. C. Chamindu Deepagoda, M. Lakshani, Sarath Nissanka, Sujithra Kaushaliya Weragoda, D. M. J. Senanayake, G. S. Babu, Hoysala N. Chanakya, Shoichiro Hamamoto, Bjoern Ole Sander, Timothy J. Clough, B. Elberling, Kathleen Smits, Kahwaththa Gamage Inoka Damayanthi Kumari","doi":"10.30852/sb.2024.2565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30852/sb.2024.2565","url":null,"abstract":"With increasing demand for rice productivity linked with intense pressure on water availability in Asia, novel strategies are sought to optimise water management in paddy cultivation without compromising the yield. The conventional submerged paddy ecosystems not only consume water excessively but also constitute a major source of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), two highly potent greenhouse gases (GHG). The main objective of this study is to investigate the alternate wetting and draining (AWD) method as an emerging water-saving strategy for Asian countries, which could potentially minimise GHG emissions while maintaining crop productivity. Seasonal CH4 and N2O emissions from Sri Lankan and Indian experimental sites under the AWD method were compared with emissions from the conventional completely flooded (CF) method, while Japanese experimental sites were used to examine CH4 ebullition under CF conditions. Emission measurements were conducted in both wet and dry seasons with no alterations to country-specific applications of fertiliser and soil amendments. Overall results revealed that AWD could potentially suppress CH4 emissions by 32 to 43% without a significant statistical contrast (p > 0.05) in the crop yield. Measurements in Japan revealed that ebullition accounted for 60% of the total methane emissions at the heading stage under CF conditions. Results further emphasise the use of agricultural amendments with caution in paddy cultivation as they may lead to enhanced methane emissions.","PeriodicalId":415129,"journal":{"name":"APN Science Bulletin","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141925173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cambodia's coastal zones are highly dependent on climate and weather, making them susceptible to climate change and causing farmers’ livelihoods to be more vulnerable compared to urban residents. Since climate issues already impact the agricultural sector in Cambodia, this paper aims to assess the impact of disasters in the context of climate change, which impacts household agricultural production, and to identify the existing community's capacity to respond and adapt to climate change and climate variability in the coastal zones of Cambodia. A survey was conducted in the agricultural coastal zone provinces of Cambodia. Data was analysed using SPSS software. The survey data demonstrates that disasters and climate change, particularly drought and floods, significantly impact the economic status of the interviewed households. The proportion of households experiencing disasters and climate change impacts has increased gradually. Regarding household capacity to respond and adapt to disasters and climate change, households in the target area mainly focused on resilient farming techniques for rice crop production rather than other farming activities, and most of the practices were targeted to adaptation in the occurrence of droughts. The issue of receiving Early Warning Signs (EWS) information was addressed and 37% of the respondents reported “no source of climate information”. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen the capacity of local people in the coastal areas of Cambodia in responding to climate change.
{"title":"Impact of climate change, climate variability and adaptation in the coastal area of Cambodia","authors":"Dara Sum, Sopheak Thav","doi":"10.30852/sb.2023.2435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30852/sb.2023.2435","url":null,"abstract":"Cambodia's coastal zones are highly dependent on climate and weather,\u0000making them susceptible to climate change and causing farmers’ livelihoods to be\u0000more vulnerable compared to urban residents. Since climate issues already impact\u0000the agricultural sector in Cambodia, this paper aims to assess the impact of\u0000disasters in the context of climate change, which impacts household agricultural\u0000production, and to identify the existing community's capacity to respond and adapt\u0000to climate change and climate variability in the coastal zones of Cambodia. A\u0000survey was conducted in the agricultural coastal zone provinces of Cambodia. Data\u0000was analysed using SPSS software. The survey data demonstrates that disasters\u0000and climate change, particularly drought and floods, significantly impact the\u0000economic status of the interviewed households. The proportion of households\u0000experiencing disasters and climate change impacts has increased gradually.\u0000Regarding household capacity to respond and adapt to disasters and climate\u0000change, households in the target area mainly focused on resilient farming\u0000techniques for rice crop production rather than other farming activities, and most of\u0000the practices were targeted to adaptation in the occurrence of droughts. The issue\u0000of receiving Early Warning Signs (EWS) information was addressed and 37% of\u0000the respondents reported “no source of climate information”. Therefore, it is\u0000recommended to strengthen the capacity of local people in the coastal areas of\u0000Cambodia in responding to climate change.","PeriodicalId":415129,"journal":{"name":"APN Science Bulletin","volume":"300 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138996729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kah Yee Seah, Thipphachanh Souliyavong, Bounphak Lorbriayao, K. Phan, Kyoung-Woong Kim
Arsenic contamination in the Mekong River is a well-known environmental issue yet to be resolved due to its transboundary nature which further limits its access and data collection. Other than that, the key mechanisms that controlling the arsenic release in Mekong sub-region groundwater was heterogeneously distributed and can be varied from region to region. The main purpose of this project is to identify the regional arsenic contamination levels in the hope of helping the government integrate regional groundwater arsenic risk reduction policy in their near future planning. Sampling was conducted during May and August 2022 in Cambodia and Laos, respectively. The findings revealed that the topography of certain areas in Cambodia has exposed significantly high concentrations of arsenic in groundwater compared to those in Laos. About 33% of the sampling sites in Cambodia had shown a high arsenic contamination (> 10 µg/L, WHO guideline) with its concentration ranging from 47.7 ± 0.8 to 696.9 ± 5.6 ppb. The physicochemical properties revealed that the arsenic controlling mechanisms were totally different between both study area. More regional and site-specific arsenic contamination research related to climate change and arsenic hydrology at regional levels should be carried out to ensure the water safety plan in specific regions. Further, we believe that the findings of this study will be beneficial to policy and regional water safety plans for the Mekong River, especially in Cambodia.
{"title":"A case study on regional arsenic sources and its distribution in Mekong River groundwater","authors":"Kah Yee Seah, Thipphachanh Souliyavong, Bounphak Lorbriayao, K. Phan, Kyoung-Woong Kim","doi":"10.30852/sb.2023.2372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30852/sb.2023.2372","url":null,"abstract":"Arsenic contamination in the Mekong River is a well-known environmental issue yet to be resolved due to its transboundary nature which further limits its access and data collection. Other than that, the key mechanisms that controlling the arsenic release in Mekong sub-region groundwater was heterogeneously distributed and can be varied from region to region. The main purpose of this project is to identify the regional arsenic contamination levels in the hope of helping the government integrate regional groundwater arsenic risk reduction policy in their near future planning. Sampling was conducted during May and August 2022 in Cambodia and Laos, respectively. The findings revealed that the topography of certain areas in Cambodia has exposed significantly high concentrations of arsenic in groundwater compared to those in Laos. About 33% of the sampling sites in Cambodia had shown a high arsenic contamination (> 10 µg/L, WHO guideline) with its concentration ranging from 47.7 ± 0.8 to 696.9 ± 5.6 ppb. The physicochemical properties revealed that the arsenic controlling mechanisms were totally different between both study area. More regional and site-specific arsenic contamination research related to climate change and arsenic hydrology at regional levels should be carried out to ensure the water safety plan in specific regions. Further, we believe that the findings of this study will be beneficial to policy and regional water safety plans for the Mekong River, especially in Cambodia.","PeriodicalId":415129,"journal":{"name":"APN Science Bulletin","volume":" 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138615110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Asad, M. Abid, I. Ahmad, G. Thapa, Tashi Dendup
Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) is highly vulnerable to climate change, but there is the least understanding of the impacts of climate change. This study explored local climate change risk perceptions, vulnerability, and adaptive responses in the three HKH countries, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bhutan. For this purpose, 379 farm households from low, medium, and high elevations in the study districts of Rasuwa in Nepal, Gilgit in Pakistan and the Central District in Bhutan were surveyed. A semi-structured digital survey was used for data collection. Further, the study used the IPCC climate vulnerability framework to explore the farm-level vulnerability to climate change in three HKH countries. The study revealed that farmers in the study areas strongly agreed that the climate was changing in the region with high summer temperatures and increasing frequency and intensity of weather-related extreme events. Increasing poverty and limited institutional services make farmers more vulnerable to climate risks. Farmers reported reduced agricultural productivity and decreased revenue caused by climate change. Crop yields at high altitudes were slightly higher, but only because of multiple cropping triggered by weather patterns. Lack of information, resources, and institutional support significantly hamper the farmers’ adaptive capacity. A small fraction of the farmers adopted improved crop varieties and land management. The study recommends improving outreach and institutional services, especially climate-specific farm advisory services in HKH countries.
{"title":"Climate change risk perceptions, vulnerability, and adaptation in high altitude farming regions of Hindu Kush Himalaya","authors":"S. Asad, M. Abid, I. Ahmad, G. Thapa, Tashi Dendup","doi":"10.30852/sb.2023.2184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30852/sb.2023.2184","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) is highly vulnerable to climate change, but there is the least understanding of the impacts of climate change. This study explored local climate change risk perceptions, vulnerability, and adaptive responses in the three HKH countries, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bhutan. For this purpose, 379 farm households from low, medium, and high elevations in the study districts of Rasuwa in Nepal, Gilgit in Pakistan and the Central District in Bhutan were surveyed. A semi-structured digital survey was used for data collection. Further, the study used the IPCC climate vulnerability framework to explore the farm-level vulnerability to climate change in three HKH countries. The study revealed that farmers in the study areas strongly agreed that the climate was changing in the region with high summer temperatures and increasing frequency and intensity of weather-related extreme events. Increasing poverty and limited institutional services make farmers more vulnerable to climate risks. Farmers reported reduced agricultural productivity and decreased revenue caused by climate change. Crop yields at high altitudes were slightly higher, but only because of multiple cropping triggered by weather patterns. Lack of information, resources, and institutional support significantly hamper the farmers’ adaptive capacity. A small fraction of the farmers adopted improved crop varieties and land management. The study recommends improving outreach and institutional services, especially climate-specific farm advisory services in HKH countries.","PeriodicalId":415129,"journal":{"name":"APN Science Bulletin","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125632517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amitava Aich, D. Dey, Malancha Dey, Udita Ghosh Sarkar, Ajishnu Roy
Marginal farmers in rain-fed agrarian systems can benefit immensely from real-time contingency planning and decisionmaking tools in the climate milieu. Long-term climate anomaly prediction of some selected locations was made. Forty-two Global Circulation Models (GCM) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 project (CMIP5) were used for the present work and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 to prepare future projections. The effect of the climate anomaly on existing farming practices in two selected climate-vulnerable locations of Purulia, India, and Shyamnagar, Bangladesh, has been analysed. A participatory action research and Climate Information Network (CIN)-based crop calendar has been devised for the selected locations. An interactive Android bot in the form of a Decision-Making Cropping Support System (DMCSS) has been devised and field tested. This system can provide seasonal crop suggestions and suggest contingency management to farmers. The system also provides risk assessments on the basis of preparedness and categorical inputs that users provide on crop, climate and contrivances.
{"title":"Strengthening adaptive capacities of small holding South Asian agrarian community through Climate Information Network -based decision support tool","authors":"Amitava Aich, D. Dey, Malancha Dey, Udita Ghosh Sarkar, Ajishnu Roy","doi":"10.30852/sb.2023.2188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30852/sb.2023.2188","url":null,"abstract":"Marginal farmers in rain-fed agrarian systems can benefit immensely from real-time contingency planning and decisionmaking tools in the climate milieu. Long-term climate anomaly prediction of some selected locations was made. Forty-two Global Circulation Models (GCM) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 project (CMIP5) were used for the present work and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 to prepare future projections. The effect of the climate anomaly on existing farming practices in two selected climate-vulnerable locations of Purulia, India, and Shyamnagar, Bangladesh, has been analysed. A participatory action research and Climate Information Network (CIN)-based crop calendar has been devised for the selected locations. An interactive Android bot in the form of a Decision-Making Cropping Support System (DMCSS) has been devised and field tested. This system can provide seasonal crop suggestions and suggest contingency management to farmers. The system also provides risk assessments on the basis of preparedness and categorical inputs that users provide on crop, climate and contrivances.","PeriodicalId":415129,"journal":{"name":"APN Science Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117325285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of the project was to develop a web-based digital tool called the Water Security Assessment Tool (WATSAT) to help city authorities and decision-makers make an objective evaluation of the water security situation in the city. It uses an indicator-based methodology that measures five distinct dimensions (broad elements) of water security: “Water supply and sanitation”, “Water productivity”, “Water-related disasters”, “Water environment”, and “Water governance”, which together culminate into a Water Security Index (WSI). The tool is developed based on the water security assessment framework developed by Babel, Dang, Sharma, and Shinde (2015). WATSAT results in a quantitative assessment of water security in a city, wherein the WSI provides an overall picture of the water security situation in a city, while the evaluation of the various dimensions helps identify areas of concern. WATSAT aids city authorities in having a holistic understanding of water security and interconnections of various factors affecting it and assists them in informed decision-making to arrive at system-based interventions to tackle water security threats in the cities.
{"title":"How to measure urban water security? An introduction to the Water Security Assessment Tool (WATSAT)","authors":"M. Babel, Kaushal Chapagain, V. Shinde","doi":"10.30852/sb.2023.2166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30852/sb.2023.2166","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the project was to develop a web-based digital tool called the Water Security Assessment Tool (WATSAT) to help city authorities and decision-makers make an objective evaluation of the water security situation in the city. It uses an indicator-based methodology that measures five distinct dimensions (broad elements) of water security: “Water supply and sanitation”, “Water productivity”, “Water-related disasters”, “Water environment”, and “Water governance”, which together culminate into a Water Security Index (WSI). The tool is developed based on the water security assessment framework developed by Babel, Dang, Sharma, and Shinde (2015). WATSAT results in a quantitative assessment of water security in a city, wherein the WSI provides an overall picture of the water security situation in a city, while the evaluation of the various dimensions helps identify areas of concern. WATSAT aids city authorities in having a holistic understanding of water security and interconnections of various factors affecting it and assists them in informed decision-making to arrive at system-based interventions to tackle water security threats in the cities.","PeriodicalId":415129,"journal":{"name":"APN Science Bulletin","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134246027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-11DOI: 10.30852/10.30852/sb.2023.2101/
Thanh Mai Ha, Sayvisene Boulom, Fue Yang, Pisidh Voe, Cong Duan Dao, Thi Thanh Loan Le, Xuan Phi Dang, Thi Thai Hoa Hoang, Thangrak Veu, Socheat Ngy, D. Ha
Southeast Asia is among the most climate-vulnerable regions in the world. Despite this, little is known about how climate change adaptation at the household level differs across countries in this geographic region. This cross-country study investigated factors influencing adopting three adaptation practices: growing climate-tolerant crops, intercropping, and switching to cash crops in some selected provinces in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. Based on the survey data from 1017 farm households in these three countries, the paper found that surveyed households in Laos and Cambodia were less likely to adopt the three practices than those in Vietnam. Perception about the impacts of climate change and perceived usefulness of climate change adaptation consistently influenced the adoption likelihood of those practices. Information on climate change shaped farmers’ decision to select climate-tolerant varieties and diversify crops. Policy implications aiming at fostering farmers’ adoption of adaptation practices are discussed.
{"title":"Factors influencing farmers’ climate change adaptation in Southeast Asia: A comparative study from Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia","authors":"Thanh Mai Ha, Sayvisene Boulom, Fue Yang, Pisidh Voe, Cong Duan Dao, Thi Thanh Loan Le, Xuan Phi Dang, Thi Thai Hoa Hoang, Thangrak Veu, Socheat Ngy, D. Ha","doi":"10.30852/10.30852/sb.2023.2101/","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30852/10.30852/sb.2023.2101/","url":null,"abstract":"Southeast Asia is among the most climate-vulnerable regions in the world. Despite this, little is known about how climate change adaptation at the household level differs across countries in this geographic region. This cross-country study investigated factors influencing adopting three adaptation practices: growing climate-tolerant crops, intercropping, and switching to cash crops in some selected provinces in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. Based on the survey data from 1017 farm households in these three countries, the paper found that surveyed households in Laos and Cambodia were less likely to adopt the three practices than those in Vietnam. Perception about the impacts of climate change and perceived usefulness of climate change adaptation consistently influenced the adoption likelihood of those practices. Information on climate change shaped farmers’ decision to select climate-tolerant varieties and diversify crops. Policy implications aiming at fostering farmers’ adoption of adaptation practices are discussed.","PeriodicalId":415129,"journal":{"name":"APN Science Bulletin","volume":"322 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116259422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The literature on the impacts of climate change on the Northwest mountainous region of Vietnam was assessed in this article. Additionally, the project team conducted regional interviews and visits to gather information on the same topic. The findings indicate that climate change has had a significantly negative impact on the region's agriculture, the primary income source for the local population. Furthermore, the local communities have a limited understanding of the subject matter. However, the existing agroforestry system in the region may prove to be an effective measure for adapting to the impacts of climate change. In addition to increasing local awareness and understanding of climate change, further efforts are necessary to improve the agroforestry system in the region. These efforts should consider the region's diverse population and terrain characteristics.
{"title":"Potential of agroforestry for climate change adaptation in the Northwest mountainous region of Vietnam","authors":"Thi Thanh Ha Do, Minh Hong Bui","doi":"10.30852/sb.2023.2147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30852/sb.2023.2147","url":null,"abstract":"The literature on the impacts of climate change on the Northwest mountainous region of Vietnam was assessed in this article. Additionally, the project team conducted regional interviews and visits to gather information on the same topic. The findings indicate that climate change has had a significantly negative impact on the region's agriculture, the primary income source for the local population. Furthermore, the local communities have a limited understanding of the subject matter. However, the existing agroforestry system in the region may prove to be an effective measure for adapting to the impacts of climate change. In addition to increasing local awareness and understanding of climate change, further efforts are necessary to improve the agroforestry system in the region. These efforts should consider the region's diverse population and terrain characteristics.","PeriodicalId":415129,"journal":{"name":"APN Science Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131239457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Marcotullio, Xiangzheng Deng, Zhihui Li, A. Gasparatos, Jelena Aleksejeva, Shu-li Huang, Po-Ju Huang, S. Dhakal, Subina Shrestha, Kwang-ik Wang, Gowri Anand, Jessica Stretton
While nations have made commitments to address climate change, scholars estimate that even if these commitments are met, there remains an emissions gap between where we are and where we want to be to keep the globe under 1.5°C. Cities around the world are working to reduce this gap. Asian cities are large greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters and will be so over the next few decades. It is therefore urgent to identify ways in which the region’s cities can become more efficient and less polluting. This study is an APN research project that examines the GHG emissions at the sub-city level across 5 Asian cities (Tokyo, Beijing, Taipei, Seoul and Bangkok) as well as in New York City. The attempt is to identify potential strategies for low-carbon pathways. The research demonstrates that, in most cases, national and urban emissions are increasing, although the APN research teams identified stable emissions over the past few years in Beijing and Tokyo. However, the emissions profiles are different. Therefore, reducing emissions will require different strategies across the region’s cities. The study identifies some general policy priorities for cities based on the results of case studies.
{"title":"Tracking influences of Asian Urban GHG emissions for Sustainability Policies: Preliminary Report","authors":"P. Marcotullio, Xiangzheng Deng, Zhihui Li, A. Gasparatos, Jelena Aleksejeva, Shu-li Huang, Po-Ju Huang, S. Dhakal, Subina Shrestha, Kwang-ik Wang, Gowri Anand, Jessica Stretton","doi":"10.30852/sb.2023.2106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30852/sb.2023.2106","url":null,"abstract":"While nations have made commitments to address climate change, scholars estimate that even if these commitments are met, there remains an emissions gap between where we are and where we want to be to keep the globe under 1.5°C. Cities around the world are working to reduce this gap. Asian cities are large greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters and will be so over the next few decades. It is therefore urgent to identify ways in which the region’s cities can become more efficient and less polluting. This study is an APN research project that examines the GHG emissions at the sub-city level across 5 Asian cities (Tokyo, Beijing, Taipei, Seoul and Bangkok) as well as in New York City. The attempt is to identify potential strategies for low-carbon pathways. The research demonstrates that, in most cases, national and urban emissions are increasing, although the APN research teams identified stable emissions over the past few years in Beijing and Tokyo. However, the emissions profiles are different. Therefore, reducing emissions will require different strategies across the region’s cities. The study identifies some general policy priorities for cities based on the results of case studies.","PeriodicalId":415129,"journal":{"name":"APN Science Bulletin","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121554779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article highlights the experiences, contributions, and lessons generated from the ten selected APN capacity development programmes implemented from 2011-2019 and focused on enhancing the resilience and adaptive capacity of rural farming communities in Southeast Asia. These capacity development projects employed varying strategies and approaches. Some projects centred on training and building the technical capabilities of service providers, while others have directly trained and built the capacities of the farming communities. Some projects emphasised the promotion of nature-based and sustainable farming techniques such as agroforestry, conservation farming, rainwater harvesting, and indigenous agricultural practices that helped farming communities cope and adapt to climate change impacts. At the core of these capacity development programmes are collaboration and partnerships that were built and institutionalised among different sectors, such as academia, local government units, and the farming communities. These multisectoral collaborations hastened the project implementation and generation of project outputs and gave way to the sustainability of the project initiatives. These projects have generated numerous outputs that paved the way for enhanced social and human capital development of various stakeholders, science-based decision-making by policymakers; adoption of sustainable farming techniques and technologies; and knowledge generation and advancement of science. More importantly, these projects have developed a model for enhancing the adaptive capacity and resilience of rural farming communities in Southeast Asia.
{"title":"Strengthening adaptive capacity of rural farming communities in Southeast Asia: Experiences, best practices and lessons for scaling-up","authors":"L. Landicho, Marcos Ramirez","doi":"10.30852/sb.2023.2104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30852/sb.2023.2104","url":null,"abstract":"This article highlights the experiences, contributions, and lessons generated from the ten selected APN capacity development programmes implemented from 2011-2019 and focused on enhancing the resilience and adaptive capacity of rural farming communities in Southeast Asia. These capacity development projects employed varying strategies and approaches. Some projects centred on training and building the technical capabilities of service providers, while others have directly trained and built the capacities of the farming communities. Some projects emphasised the promotion of nature-based and sustainable farming techniques such as agroforestry, conservation farming, rainwater harvesting, and indigenous agricultural practices that helped farming communities cope and adapt to climate change impacts. At the core of these capacity development programmes are collaboration and partnerships that were built and institutionalised among different sectors, such as academia, local government units, and the farming communities. These multisectoral collaborations hastened the project implementation and generation of project outputs and gave way to the sustainability of the project initiatives. These projects have generated numerous outputs that paved the way for enhanced social and human capital development of various stakeholders, science-based decision-making by policymakers; adoption of sustainable farming techniques and technologies; and knowledge generation and advancement of science. More importantly, these projects have developed a model for enhancing the adaptive capacity and resilience of rural farming communities in Southeast Asia.","PeriodicalId":415129,"journal":{"name":"APN Science Bulletin","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125488289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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