Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.56902/irbe.2018.2.2.6
Jiade Xiao
India and Brazil are developing countries and emerging markets, enjoying economic development in the recent decades. The development experience of both countries may provide persuasive evidences in supporting or disapproving the economic theories. Arthur Lewis’ structural-change theory focuses on the transition of economic structure with the character from depending heavily on agricultural sector to the character with more contribution from industrial sector occurring in the developing countries. His model of dual sector, as an important part of the structural-change theory, argues that the labor moving from agricultural sector to industrial sector associated with the migration from rural area to urban area contributes to the economic development as well as the alleviation of overpopulation in agricultural sector and the stagnation of marginal product resulted from the population growth and technology advancement in the developing countries. This paper explores the adaptability of the assumptions and the arguments of the Arthur Lewis’ Model in India and Brazil in the structural change between the agricultural and industry sectors. There is quite some evidence supports the argument of dual sector model, though the model is not fully explanatory on the economic development of the two developing countries.
{"title":"Retesting the Dual Sector Model in India and Brazil","authors":"Jiade Xiao","doi":"10.56902/irbe.2018.2.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2018.2.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"India and Brazil are developing countries and emerging markets, enjoying economic development in the recent decades. The development experience of both countries may provide persuasive evidences in supporting or disapproving the economic theories. Arthur Lewis’ structural-change theory focuses on the transition of economic structure with the character from depending heavily on agricultural sector to the character with more contribution from industrial sector occurring in the developing countries. His model of dual sector, as an important part of the structural-change theory, argues that the labor moving from agricultural sector to industrial sector associated with the migration from rural area to urban area contributes to the economic development as well as the alleviation of overpopulation in agricultural sector and the stagnation of marginal product resulted from the population growth and technology advancement in the developing countries. This paper explores the adaptability of the assumptions and the arguments of the Arthur Lewis’ Model in India and Brazil in the structural change between the agricultural and industry sectors. There is quite some evidence supports the argument of dual sector model, though the model is not fully explanatory on the economic development of the two developing countries.","PeriodicalId":415549,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Business and Economics","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114723887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.56902/irbe.2018.2.2.3
M. Rahman, Muhammad Mustafa
To study the dynamic effects of changes in Tobin’s Q on stock prices of selected 249 US public companies of different industry categories. Panel unit roots tests and cointegration tests are implemented. Next, DOLS and GMM models are estimated. Annual data for the 2004-2012 period are used for the above selected US companies. Panel unit root tests provide somewhat mixed evidence of non-stationarity of both variables. There is clear evidence of cointegration between the above variables. The negative coefficient of the error-correction term shows convergence toward long-run equilibrium, though at slow pace. The estimates also reveal shortrun net positive interactive feedback effects between the variables. Both DOLS and GMM estimates display similar picture of overvaluation of stocks in terms of upward movement in Tobin’s Q beyond 0-to-1 range. For most parts of the sample period, the US stock market was in declining mode due to heightening of economic uncertainties during the Great Recession and several years beyond. Tobin’s Q should be improved to boost stock prices. This is more of a long-run phenomenon. In the short run, both reinforce each other. The topic is unique and the existing literature on this topic is scant. Relatively new econometric techniques have been applied for estimation using panel data. The results are quite insightful, in our view.
{"title":"Dynamics of Tobin’s Q and US Stock Performance","authors":"M. Rahman, Muhammad Mustafa","doi":"10.56902/irbe.2018.2.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2018.2.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"To study the dynamic effects of changes in Tobin’s Q on stock prices of selected 249 US public companies of different industry categories. Panel unit roots tests and cointegration tests are implemented. Next, DOLS and GMM models are estimated. Annual data for the 2004-2012 period are used for the above selected US companies. Panel unit root tests provide somewhat mixed evidence of non-stationarity of both variables. There is clear evidence of cointegration between the above variables. The negative coefficient of the error-correction term shows convergence toward long-run equilibrium, though at slow pace. The estimates also reveal shortrun net positive interactive feedback effects between the variables. Both DOLS and GMM estimates display similar picture of overvaluation of stocks in terms of upward movement in Tobin’s Q beyond 0-to-1 range. For most parts of the sample period, the US stock market was in declining mode due to heightening of economic uncertainties during the Great Recession and several years beyond. Tobin’s Q should be improved to boost stock prices. This is more of a long-run phenomenon. In the short run, both reinforce each other. The topic is unique and the existing literature on this topic is scant. Relatively new econometric techniques have been applied for estimation using panel data. The results are quite insightful, in our view.","PeriodicalId":415549,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Business and Economics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126961197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.56902/irbe.2018.2.2.5
Swarna D. Dutt, D. Ghosh
History is replete with incidents of financial crisis, which ex-post become a wakeup call for policy makers and the people. But there were no tests which could identify and date financial bubbles in real time, till now. Phillips, Shi and Yu [2015] provides the first and only model to recursively examine for multiple bubbles. Their “flexible window” methodology provides consistent results and has successfully identified the well-known historical episodes of exuberance and collapse. This accuracy provides very useful “warning alerts” to central bankers, fiscal regulators and policy makers to pre-emptively act and possibly eliminate an impending implosion. We extensively examine for the presence and recurrence of multiple bubbles, over four major financial indexes. We find evidence of bubbles and explosive sub-periods over the longterm data for all of the indices, including deciphering the technology bubbles of the 1990s and early 2000s, and the financial crises of 2008.
{"title":"Detecting Multiple Bubbles and Exuberance in Financial Data: An Extensive Empirical Examination over Four Major Foreign Indexes","authors":"Swarna D. Dutt, D. Ghosh","doi":"10.56902/irbe.2018.2.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2018.2.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"History is replete with incidents of financial crisis, which ex-post become a wakeup call for policy makers and the people. But there were no tests which could identify and date financial bubbles in real time, till now. Phillips, Shi and Yu [2015] provides the first and only model to recursively examine for multiple bubbles. Their “flexible window” methodology provides consistent results and has successfully identified the well-known historical episodes of exuberance and collapse. This accuracy provides very useful “warning alerts” to central bankers, fiscal regulators and policy makers to pre-emptively act and possibly eliminate an impending implosion. We extensively examine for the presence and recurrence of multiple bubbles, over four major financial indexes. We find evidence of bubbles and explosive sub-periods over the longterm data for all of the indices, including deciphering the technology bubbles of the 1990s and early 2000s, and the financial crises of 2008.","PeriodicalId":415549,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Business and Economics","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125920079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.56902/irbe.2022.6.1.2
Poornima Tapas, Deepa Pillai, Rita R Dangre, Kishore G. Kulkarni
Presenters of two papers have decided to only publish their ppts instead of whole papers. Two sets of ppts presented follow.
两篇论文的发表者决定只发表他们的部分而不是整篇论文。下面是两组ppt。
{"title":"Pathways of Reform in Education: Evidence from India","authors":"Poornima Tapas, Deepa Pillai, Rita R Dangre, Kishore G. Kulkarni","doi":"10.56902/irbe.2022.6.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2022.6.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Presenters of two papers have decided to only publish their ppts instead of whole papers. Two sets of ppts presented follow.","PeriodicalId":415549,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Business and Economics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123364005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.56902/irbe.2020.4.2.9
K. S. Jotava
Day by day newer technologies are under implementation and become popular among the orchardists. Decades ago orchard establishment was made by varying spacing and different source of planting materials of either sexual or asexual methods. Due to the difference in source of planting material and short of application of nutrient of orchards leads to the senile or less productive. Poor management practices also brings orchards to the uneconomical zone. Overcrowding and encroachment of trees resulted in competition for nutrient absorption congestion, poor light penetration and act as good shelter house for insect- pests and disease attacks are obvious problems with older orchards, if trees are not rejuvenated. Timely rejuvenation is wise decision by orchardists which is necessary for the grower to make orchard productive. This must be followed by the balanced application of nutrients of either source. An application of organic, inorganic source of nutrients and bio fertilizers gave optimum growth, more flowering and yield with improved quality parameters like size, average weight of fruit, TSS and ascorbic acid etc. Integrated and balanced nutrient management leads to increasing the efficiency of all nutrients applied thus, decreasing the amounts of fertilizers used and finally obtaining a high yield with quality.
{"title":"Improve Yield And Quality Of Senile Orchard With Rejuvenation And Nutrient Management","authors":"K. S. Jotava","doi":"10.56902/irbe.2020.4.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2020.4.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Day by day newer technologies are under implementation and become popular among the orchardists. Decades ago orchard establishment was made by varying spacing and different source of planting materials of either sexual or asexual methods. Due to the difference in source of planting material and short of application of nutrient of orchards leads to the senile or less productive. Poor management practices also brings orchards to the uneconomical zone. Overcrowding and encroachment of trees resulted in competition for nutrient absorption congestion, poor light penetration and act as good shelter house for insect- pests and disease attacks are obvious problems with older orchards, if trees are not rejuvenated. Timely rejuvenation is wise decision by orchardists which is necessary for the grower to make orchard productive. This must be followed by the balanced application of nutrients of either source. An application of organic, inorganic source of nutrients and bio fertilizers gave optimum growth, more flowering and yield with improved quality parameters like size, average weight of fruit, TSS and ascorbic acid etc. Integrated and balanced nutrient management leads to increasing the efficiency of all nutrients applied thus, decreasing the amounts of fertilizers used and finally obtaining a high yield with quality.","PeriodicalId":415549,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Business and Economics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128083603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.56902/irbe.2020.4.2.41
V. Sunitha, Kumar L.S. Arun
India is one of the largest economy in the world, with population around 1.4 Billion, and average GDP (Gross Domestic product) from 2015- 2019 is around 7 percent, India is the third largest oil importer in the world, with 9.7 percent of the world oil imports, after China and USA, India imports around 80 percent of its oil needs and aims to bring down to 67 percent by 2022, by replacing it by local exploration, renewable energy and indigenous ethanol fuel, but in India there is lack of demand for crude oil and oil products due to Covid-19 epidemic, which made Indian government to imply restrictions, to lockdown of various firms, industries, public and private sector institutions, as health emergency, according to the report of IEA ( International Energy Agency) India’s 40 days lockdown has led to decrease in 30 percent fall in countries demand for energy. Covid-19 is concern for Indian oil producers, as it is the biggest shock since the Second World War. The global economy is expected to enter recessionary Zone in 2020, as countries have shut down there normal business activities, to fight the pandemic led to imbalances in demand and supply of oil prices in the Indian market, Indian oil companies are waiting for the tax reductions and packages by the government, in the short term imbalance in oil demand and supply situation. The purpose of the research paper is that, Indian government has a great task to fight against covid-19 as a health emergency and oil prices fluctuations in the year 2020.
{"title":"Covid-19 And Its Impact On Indian Economy With Respect To Crude Oil","authors":"V. Sunitha, Kumar L.S. Arun","doi":"10.56902/irbe.2020.4.2.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2020.4.2.41","url":null,"abstract":"India is one of the largest economy in the world, with population around 1.4 Billion, and average GDP (Gross Domestic product) from 2015- 2019 is around 7 percent, India is the third largest oil importer in the world, with 9.7 percent of the world oil imports, after China and USA, India imports around 80 percent of its oil needs and aims to bring down to 67 percent by 2022, by replacing it by local exploration, renewable energy and indigenous ethanol fuel, but in India there is lack of demand for crude oil and oil products due to Covid-19 epidemic, which made Indian government to imply restrictions, to lockdown of various firms, industries, public and private sector institutions, as health emergency, according to the report of IEA ( International Energy Agency) India’s 40 days lockdown has led to decrease in 30 percent fall in countries demand for energy. Covid-19 is concern for Indian oil producers, as it is the biggest shock since the Second World War. The global economy is expected to enter recessionary Zone in 2020, as countries have shut down there normal business activities, to fight the pandemic led to imbalances in demand and supply of oil prices in the Indian market, Indian oil companies are waiting for the tax reductions and packages by the government, in the short term imbalance in oil demand and supply situation. The purpose of the research paper is that, Indian government has a great task to fight against covid-19 as a health emergency and oil prices fluctuations in the year 2020.","PeriodicalId":415549,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Business and Economics","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127268340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.56902/irbe.2018.1.3.4
T. Sarathy
Global climate change is a change in the long-term weather patterns that characterize the regions of the world. The term “weather” refers to the short-term (daily) changes in temperature, wind, and/or precipitation of a region. In the long run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, moisture availability etc. Climate change is likely to directly impact food production across the globe. Increase in the mean seasonal temperature can reduce the duration of many crops and hence reduce the yield. In areas where temperatures are already close to the physiological maxima for crops, warming will impact yields more immediately. Drivers of climate change through alterations in atmospheric composition can also influence food production directly by its impact on plant physiology. The consequences of agriculture’s contribution to climate change, and of climate change’s negative impact on agriculture, are severe which is projected to have a great impact on food production and may threaten the food security and hence, require special agricultural measures to combat with. Although India has a rich and long history of environmental laws dating back to the 1970s, it still ranks very low on air and water pollution levels compared to the rest of the world resulting in higher rates of infant mortality and lower life expectancy rates. Poor sanitation conditions and sewage problems compound the problem affecting the health of ordinary citizens in India. The reasons for this disconnect between enlightened environmental laws and high levels of pollution could be traced to existing environmental laws, discrepancies in the environmental guidelines for businesses to follow between the central government and at the state levels, and the existence of a large number of SMEs who neither have the resources nor the technical skills to adhere to the existing environmental laws. Using extensive secondary research, this paper suggests a series of steps to help the country achieve safe air and water pollution levels resulting in improved health conditions for its citizens. The cornerstone of the prescription for improvements in the environment is a collaborative arrangement that brings together the various government agencies, the citizens, SMEs, large domestic companies, and NGOs to participate in a collaborative arrangement to educate, streamline effective policies, develop the necessary institutional infrastructure, and provide adequate funding for improving the environment.
{"title":"Climatic Challenges and Environmental Pollution in India","authors":"T. Sarathy","doi":"10.56902/irbe.2018.1.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2018.1.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Global climate change is a change in the long-term weather patterns that characterize the regions of the world. The term “weather” refers to the short-term (daily) changes in temperature, wind, and/or precipitation of a region. In the long run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, moisture availability etc. Climate change is likely to directly impact food production across the globe. Increase in the mean seasonal temperature can reduce the duration of many crops and hence reduce the yield. In areas where temperatures are already close to the physiological maxima for crops, warming will impact yields more immediately. Drivers of climate change through alterations in atmospheric composition can also influence food production directly by its impact on plant physiology. The consequences of agriculture’s contribution to climate change, and of climate change’s negative impact on agriculture, are severe which is projected to have a great impact on food production and may threaten the food security and hence, require special agricultural measures to combat with. Although India has a rich and long history of environmental laws dating back to the 1970s, it still ranks very low on air and water pollution levels compared to the rest of the world resulting in higher rates of infant mortality and lower life expectancy rates. Poor sanitation conditions and sewage problems compound the problem affecting the health of ordinary citizens in India. The reasons for this disconnect between enlightened environmental laws and high levels of pollution could be traced to existing environmental laws, discrepancies in the environmental guidelines for businesses to follow between the central government and at the state levels, and the existence of a large number of SMEs who neither have the resources nor the technical skills to adhere to the existing environmental laws. Using extensive secondary research, this paper suggests a series of steps to help the country achieve safe air and water pollution levels resulting in improved health conditions for its citizens. The cornerstone of the prescription for improvements in the environment is a collaborative arrangement that brings together the various government agencies, the citizens, SMEs, large domestic companies, and NGOs to participate in a collaborative arrangement to educate, streamline effective policies, develop the necessary institutional infrastructure, and provide adequate funding for improving the environment.","PeriodicalId":415549,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Business and Economics","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127490486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.56902/irbe.2018.1.3.14
R. Priya
Hazardous chemicals escape to the environment by a number of natural and/or anthropogenic activities and may cause adverse effects on human health and the environment. Increased combustion of fossil fuels in the last century is responsible for the progressive change in the atmospheric composition. Air pollutants, such as carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone (O3), heavy metals, and respirable particulate matter, differ in their chemical composition, reaction properties, emission, time of disintegration and ability to diffuse in long or short distances. Air pollution has both acute and chronic effects on human health, affecting a number of different systems and organs. It ranges from minor upper respiratory irritation to chronic respiratory and heart disease, lung cancer, acute respiratory infections in children and chronic bronchitis in adults, aggravating pre-existing heart and lung disease, or asthmatic attacks. In addition, short- and long-term exposures have also been linked with premature mortality and reduced life expectancy. This paper discussed about effects of air pollutants on human health.
{"title":"An Analysis of Air Pollution and Human Health Effects","authors":"R. Priya","doi":"10.56902/irbe.2018.1.3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2018.1.3.14","url":null,"abstract":"Hazardous chemicals escape to the environment by a number of natural and/or anthropogenic activities and may cause adverse effects on human health and the environment. Increased combustion of fossil fuels in the last century is responsible for the progressive change in the atmospheric composition. Air pollutants, such as carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone (O3), heavy metals, and respirable particulate matter, differ in their chemical composition, reaction properties, emission, time of disintegration and ability to diffuse in long or short distances. Air pollution has both acute and chronic effects on human health, affecting a number of different systems and organs. It ranges from minor upper respiratory irritation to chronic respiratory and heart disease, lung cancer, acute respiratory infections in children and chronic bronchitis in adults, aggravating pre-existing heart and lung disease, or asthmatic attacks. In addition, short- and long-term exposures have also been linked with premature mortality and reduced life expectancy. This paper discussed about effects of air pollutants on human health.","PeriodicalId":415549,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Business and Economics","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126548545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.56902/irbe.2020.4.2.27
S. Priya
Working women perform dual jobs, that is, on the domestic front as well as economic front. Her additional role as a working women throws many challenges along with her primary challenge of the household. Both these roles make demands on her time and energy. After a full day’s work with the employer, she has to do another shift at her home. For example, waking up early morning, rolling the beds, cleaning the house, preparing breakfast, cooking lunch, washing clothes, and the rushing off to the workplace. Returning in the evening with shopping in hand to cook the dinner for the family, handling children study work, washing utensils, and finally collapsing into the bed only to begin the grind again early next morning. These effects their health in the absence of proper infrastructure for the supply of these needs. When they have to combine triple burden viz., bearing children, taking for of the family, they have to sacrifice nutrition, health care and leisure for themselves. Notwithstanding, the mechanization at home and office put the gender at a great health risk that ultimately affect reproductive role leaving more at the mercy of assisted pregnancy and child birth. This is the serious problem for mankind itself.
{"title":"Occupational Health Hazards Of Working Women In Un-Organized Sector","authors":"S. Priya","doi":"10.56902/irbe.2020.4.2.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2020.4.2.27","url":null,"abstract":"Working women perform dual jobs, that is, on the domestic front as well as economic front. Her additional role as a working women throws many challenges along with her primary challenge of the household. Both these roles make demands on her time and energy. After a full day’s work with the employer, she has to do another shift at her home. For example, waking up early morning, rolling the beds, cleaning the house, preparing breakfast, cooking lunch, washing clothes, and the rushing off to the workplace. Returning in the evening with shopping in hand to cook the dinner for the family, handling children study work, washing utensils, and finally collapsing into the bed only to begin the grind again early next morning. These effects their health in the absence of proper infrastructure for the supply of these needs. When they have to combine triple burden viz., bearing children, taking for of the family, they have to sacrifice nutrition, health care and leisure for themselves. Notwithstanding, the mechanization at home and office put the gender at a great health risk that ultimately affect reproductive role leaving more at the mercy of assisted pregnancy and child birth. This is the serious problem for mankind itself.","PeriodicalId":415549,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Business and Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126552012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.56902/irbe.2018.2.1.4
Amitabh S. Dutta, Kishore G. Kulkarni
The decision of demonetization announcement in November 2016, by the Prime Minister of India, Mr. Narendra Modi, was surprising to the general public and controversial to the economic thinkers. While the opponents of such a step have gone through actual calculation of the cost of demonetization in terms of potential GDP loss (2% as predicted by the former Prime Minister and Oxford Economist, Manmohan Singh) some supporters have pointed out the big benefits of this step. In recent days a talk of demonetization has become a “hot potato” that very few want to hold on to. Politically this has become a subject of acute contention and disagreement with some friends turning into foes just for the position they hold on this issue. In this paper we want to be economically eclectic, and attempt to analyze the real economic costs and benefits of this experiment by keeping away from politics. We intend to ask questions such as, why was this done? What were the consequences faced by the general public when this step was taken? Did we achieve the objectives? and What are the economic opportunity costs of doing this in future? Of course, we do not think that anyone can find all the answers, but the investigation itself is considered to be worthwhile.
{"title":"Cash Shortages and Black Money: A Look at India's 2016 Demonetization Effect, One Year Later","authors":"Amitabh S. Dutta, Kishore G. Kulkarni","doi":"10.56902/irbe.2018.2.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2018.2.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The decision of demonetization announcement in November 2016, by the Prime Minister of India, Mr. Narendra Modi, was surprising to the general public and controversial to the economic thinkers. While the opponents of such a step have gone through actual calculation of the cost of demonetization in terms of potential GDP loss (2% as predicted by the former Prime Minister and Oxford Economist, Manmohan Singh) some supporters have pointed out the big benefits of this step. In recent days a talk of demonetization has become a “hot potato” that very few want to hold on to. Politically this has become a subject of acute contention and disagreement with some friends turning into foes just for the position they hold on this issue. In this paper we want to be economically eclectic, and attempt to analyze the real economic costs and benefits of this experiment by keeping away from politics. We intend to ask questions such as, why was this done? What were the consequences faced by the general public when this step was taken? Did we achieve the objectives? and What are the economic opportunity costs of doing this in future? Of course, we do not think that anyone can find all the answers, but the investigation itself is considered to be worthwhile.","PeriodicalId":415549,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Business and Economics","volume":"40 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125085856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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