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Colossal Insurance Sector of India 印度庞大的保险业
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.56902/irbe.2018.2.1.6
Anuradha Prasad More
Insurance sector has its roots in the Indian economy since 1818 when the first insurance company Oriental Life insurance was established at Calcutta [now Kolkata]. Even the reference can be found in the form of marine adventure trade loans and carrier’s contracts. Industry started taking shape during the British reigning. Since then the insurance industry has undergone the various reforms/changes. Enactment of Insurance Act 1938, nationalization of Life insurance sector in the year 1956, General insurance Sector in the year 1972 and again with the recommendation of Malhotra Committee Report insurance sector reopened for private players in the year 1999. Setup of IRDAI to regulate and develop Insurance Industry and to secure financial stability of the insurance sector was an added incentive too. Various efforts by the IRDAI and the Government of India such as digital channels for marketing, launching of various social scheme such as PMFBY, PMSBY, PMJBY, RSBY for increasing the penetration of insurance segment specially in rural and social sector of India. Still getting insured is the priority for the entrepreneur and professionals only. Hence it is need of an hour to think about the reasons for low penetration of insurance and the ways to foster incessant growth!
自1818年第一家保险公司东方人寿保险在加尔各答(现在的加尔各答)成立以来,保险业就扎根于印度经济。甚至可以在海上冒险贸易贷款和承运人合同的形式中找到参考。工业在英国统治时期开始形成。自那时起,保险业经历了各种改革/变化。1938年颁布《保险法》,1956年将人寿保险部门国有化,1972年将一般保险部门国有化,1999年根据马尔霍特拉委员会报告的建议,保险部门重新向私营企业开放。设立IRDAI以管理和发展保险业并确保保险业的财务稳定也是一个额外的激励措施。IRDAI和印度政府的各种努力,如数字营销渠道,推出各种社会计划,如PMFBY, PMSBY, PMJBY, RSBY,以增加保险部门的渗透率,特别是在印度的农村和社会部门。投保仍然是企业家和专业人士的首要任务。因此,需要一个小时来思考保险渗透率低的原因和促进持续增长的方法!
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引用次数: 0
The Effect Of India’s E-Commerce & Trade Due To Covid-19 Pandemic 新冠肺炎疫情对印度电子商务和贸易的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.56902/irbe.2020.4.2.18
A. B. Yogeshkumar
The enforcement of group distancing, lockdowns and other dealings in answer to the COVID-19 virulent disease has led regulars to raise up online shopping, public media use, internet telephony and teleconferencing, and streaming of videos and films. This has resulted in spikes in business to consumer(B2C) sales and an increase in intensity in business to business (B2B) E-commerce. The expansion in B2C sales is mostly evident in online sales of check up supplies, household requisites and fare products. Query has further more better for internet and mobile information services. The net faculty and spectrum to accommodate the stint to online behaviour has urgently had to be adapted by in corporation operators and governments. Required has fallen however for a variety of military with a outsized online component, such as seeing the sights services.
为应对COVID-19致命疾病而实施的群体隔离、封锁和其他措施,导致常客们增加了网上购物、公共媒体使用、互联网电话和电话会议,以及流媒体视频和电影。这导致了企业对消费者(B2C)销售的激增和企业对企业(B2B)电子商务的强度增加。B2C销售的扩张主要体现在检查用品、家居用品和票价产品的网上销售上。查询对互联网和移动信息服务有进一步的改善。企业运营商和政府迫切需要调整网络教师和频谱,以适应网络行为的限制。然而,对于各种具有超大在线组件的军事需求已经下降,例如观看景点服务。
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引用次数: 0
A Study On External Environment Of Business And Its Influence On MSMEs In The Context Of Covid-19 新冠肺炎背景下中小微企业外部经营环境及其影响研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.56902/irbe.2020.4.2.54
Saranya Devi M., N. M. Anirudh
Businesses across the globe has decided ‘just to survive apart from making huge profit’, from a global pandemic which has created huge disaster to economy of almost all countries in the world. In India pharmaceutical industry is improving its status day by day, on the other hand travel and tourism industry, entertainment sector, market for luxury products and services is deteriorating among which the drastic-hit is the MSMEs. This study aims at analysing various external factors influencing the performance of business especially during times of COVID-19 pandemic, those factors include political, social, cultural, economic, legal, technological, etc., The study aims at finding out those external factor and potential ways to recover from the losses incurred.
从给世界上几乎所有国家的经济造成巨大灾难的全球大流行,全球企业都决定“除了赚取巨额利润外,只生存”。在印度,制药业的地位日益提高,另一方面,旅游业,娱乐业,奢侈品和服务市场正在恶化,其中受到严重打击的是中小微企业。本研究旨在分析影响业务绩效的各种外部因素,特别是在COVID-19大流行期间,这些因素包括政治,社会,文化,经济,法律,技术等,该研究旨在找出这些外部因素和潜在的方法来弥补所造成的损失。
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引用次数: 0
Private Universities of Bangladesh: A Study on Service Quality, Customers’ Perceptions and Satisfaction 孟加拉国私立大学:服务质量、顾客感知和满意度研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.56902/irbe.2019.3.1.3
Abdulla Kader, A. Salam
The higher education sector of Bangladesh is divided as private and public sectors in terms of the initiative of establishment. All of them are autonomous where the public universities are owned by the government and the private universities have been developed by the private sector. As the private universities produce services and sell it to the students by a comprehensive marketing effort, we can treat their services as a part of marketing. In this study, we tried to show the quality of services and the subsequent perception and satisfaction level of the stake holders regarding services are being provided by the private universities along with some recommendations to improve their service quality. For primary data, we interviewed 500 students and their guardians, teachers and staffs of private universities and also some famous educationists of Bangladesh though out Dhaka city through the cluster sampling of probability method; and we also used much enriched secondary sources of data. As our targeted readers are the mass people of the country, we did not use any complex statistical tools for analyzing or evaluating data, for their easy understanding. We used simple mean to find out the percentage of the respondents’ answers on each criteria.
根据建立的主动性,孟加拉国的高等教育部门分为私立和公立部门。它们都是自治的,公立大学归政府所有,私立大学由私营部门发展。由于私立大学通过全面的市场营销来提供服务并销售给学生,因此我们可以将其服务视为市场营销的一部分。在本研究中,我们试图展示私立大学的服务质量,以及利益相关者对私立大学提供的服务的感知和满意度,并提出一些改善私立大学服务质量的建议。在原始数据方面,我们采用概率整群抽样的方法,对达卡市内500名学生及其监护人、私立大学的教师和工作人员以及一些孟加拉国著名的教育家进行了访谈;我们还使用了更加丰富的二手数据来源。由于我们的目标读者是全国广大人民群众,为了便于理解,我们没有使用任何复杂的统计工具来分析或评估数据。我们使用简单平均数来找出受访者对每个标准的回答的百分比。
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引用次数: 1
Effects of Climate Change on Distribution, Freshwater Resources and the Economy - A Theoritical Assessment 气候变化对分布、淡水资源和经济的影响——一个理论评估
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.56902/irbe.2018.1.3.42
G. Yoganandham
Climate Change reveals the multi dimensional spheres of economic impact on the developing economy. The inherent nature of economic forecasting involves significant degrees of uncertainty, estimates of the results of global warming have varied widely. However, climate change impacts can be measured as an economic cost. This is particularly well-suited to market impacts, that is impacts that are linked to market transactions and directly affect Gross Domestic Product. Monetary measures of non-market impacts, like impacts on human health and ecosystems, are more difficult to calculate. Therefore protecting the forests, wildlife, climate, natural wealth and the environment are now a matter of life and death for this world. Talented, imaginative and committed young professional are needed more than ever to create a future where people can live in harmony with nature. Show that professionals are concerned and contribute their share to safe guard the climate and environment. Hence, the main objective of this research paper is to study the theoretical aspects of the effects of climate change on humans, industry, economy and society.
气候变化揭示了对发展中经济体的经济影响的多维领域。经济预测的固有性质涉及很大程度的不确定性,对全球变暖结果的估计差异很大。然而,气候变化的影响可以作为经济成本来衡量。这特别适合于市场影响,即与市场交易有关并直接影响国内生产总值的影响。非市场影响的货币计量,如对人类健康和生态系统的影响,更难计算。因此,保护森林、野生动物、气候、自然财富和环境现在是这个世界的生死攸关的问题。现在比以往任何时候都更需要有才能、有想象力和有责任心的年轻专业人员来创造一个人与自然和谐相处的未来。表明专业人士关心并为安全保护气候和环境贡献自己的一份力量。因此,本研究论文的主要目的是研究气候变化对人类、工业、经济和社会的影响的理论方面。
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引用次数: 0
Environmental Accounting and Management 环境会计与管理
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.56902/irbe.2018.1.3.31
C. Sivakkolundu
There is a worldwide debate on the issue of environmental management, stemming from a flow of evidence about ecological degradation caused by economic development. Now, due to cost pressures, customer awareness, supply chain relations and activities of environmental campaigners encourage the companies to go for environmental initiatives. The society particularly from developed countries highly concern about the impacts on the quality of their life due to the pollution of air, land and water. To evaluate the applicability of the proposed five stages framework for Environmental Management System.
由于越来越多的证据表明经济发展造成了生态退化,世界范围内对环境管理问题展开了辩论。现在,由于成本压力、客户意识、供应链关系和环保人士的活动,鼓励企业采取环保举措。社会特别是发达国家高度关注空气、土地和水的污染对生活质量的影响。评估建议的环境管理体系五阶段架构的适用性。
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引用次数: 1
Economic Impact Of India-China Trade War: Future Directions 中印贸易战的经济影响:未来方向
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.56902/irbe.2020.4.2.62
S. Sarangapani, N. Muthu
The growing trade war among India and China is creating imbalance in the among developing countries. Both countries are affecting in their business prospects. India is basically importing raw material for export of good and services. Growing tension leads to unnecessary growth impetus which affects industry growth, loss of employment opportunities and other trade related problems. India has considerable potential for reducing its trade deficit with China, as we can see from Made-in-China products sold on the Indian market. Most of them are low- and mid-range products. India can make these things itself. The value tune to the cores of rupees is loss for the both counties; it will create far reaching impact in Indian business environment. These papers highlight the possible causes and consequences of trade war between to Asian giants and suggest how to promote regional growth prospects for speedy development of economics.
印度和中国之间日益加剧的贸易战正在造成发展中国家之间的不平衡。这两个国家的商业前景都受到了影响。印度基本上是进口原材料出口商品和服务。紧张局势的加剧导致不必要的增长动力,影响行业增长,失去就业机会和其他与贸易有关的问题。从印度市场上销售的中国制造产品可以看出,印度在减少对华贸易逆差方面有很大的潜力。其中大多数是中低档产品。印度可以自己制造这些东西。价值调整到卢比的核心是两个国家的损失;这将对印度的商业环境产生深远的影响。本文重点分析了两个亚洲大国之间爆发贸易战的可能原因和后果,并就如何促进区域经济增长前景提出了建议。
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引用次数: 0
Growing Dynamisms' Of Business And Technology/ Global Perspective 不断增长的商业和技术动态/全球视角
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.56902/irbe.2020.4.2.64
S. K, N. Muthu
Technology is the essence of change in business and society. In this paper we can learn about technology, its characteristics, its historical phases and how innovation is fuelled today. Technological advances in the modern world have created new business opportunities. Leverage advanced tools to rise above the competition. Technology has revolutionized the way companies conduct business by enabling small businesses to level the playing field with larger organizations. Businesses nowadays, whether it is big or small, also rely on the help of technology. Most companies depends their daily operations on the use of technological innovation such as computers, internet connection, printers, applications, and file storages. That is why; every business can develop positively from small- scale to large-scale. Small businesses use an array of tech – everything from servers to mobile devices – to develop competitive advantages in the economic marketplace. Technology in business made it possible to have a wider reach in the global market. The basic example is the Internet, which is now a common marketing tool to attract more consumers in availing products and services offered by various businesses. The aim of the paper is to highlight the potential benefits of technology and advancement.
技术是商业和社会变革的本质。在这篇文章中,我们可以了解技术,它的特点,它的历史阶段,以及今天如何推动创新。现代世界的技术进步创造了新的商业机会。利用先进的工具在竞争中脱颖而出。技术革新了公司开展业务的方式,使小企业能够与大公司公平竞争。如今的企业,无论大小,都依赖于技术的帮助。大多数公司的日常运营依赖于技术创新的使用,如计算机、互联网连接、打印机、应用程序和文件存储。这就是为什么;每一个企业都可以由小规模向大规模积极发展。小企业利用一系列技术——从服务器到移动设备——在经济市场中发展竞争优势。商业上的技术使在全球市场上有更广泛的影响力成为可能。最基本的例子是互联网,它现在是一种常见的营销工具,以吸引更多的消费者利用各种企业提供的产品和服务。这篇论文的目的是强调技术和进步的潜在好处。
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引用次数: 0
Efficiency Ranking of IT Service-Producing Firms: Case of Indian Multinationals IT服务业生产企业效率排名:以印度跨国公司为例
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.56902/irbe.2021.5.1.3
H. Vinod, P. M. Rao
Production functions often study the output of physical products with capital and labor inputs. Instead, we use 2004 to 2016 data for 55 Indian multinational companies to assess the production of services. Our estimates of flexible production functions yield estimates of scale elasticity (SCE) and elasticity of substitution (EOS) for pooled data. A subset of 31 companies with relatively complete data yields their individual SCE and EOS values, revealing their heterogeneity. Sorting the 31 companies by their SCE help name scale-efficient (high SCE) and scale inefficient (low SCE) multinationals. Similarly, a listing of 31 companies sorted by EOS allows us to name companies that are (and are not) robust to input price shocks. Using stock market data on these publicly traded companies, we report the values of three stock market criteria for top ranking companies by SCE. We also study empirical causal paths from the market criteria to EOS and SCE, suggesting that SCE and EOS do drive stock market indicators implying efficient markets. Our pooled and detailed results are relevant for government policy toward the IT sector and corporate governance issues.
生产函数通常研究有资本和劳动投入的实物产品的产出。相反,我们使用2004年至2016年55家印度跨国公司的数据来评估服务生产。我们对柔性生产函数的估计产生了对汇集数据的规模弹性(SCE)和替代弹性(EOS)的估计。对31家数据相对完整的公司进行子集分析,得出了它们各自的SCE和EOS值,揭示了它们的异质性。根据SCE对31家公司进行分类,有助于命名规模高效(高SCE)和规模低效(低SCE)的跨国公司。同样,EOS对31家公司进行了分类,使我们能够列出对投入价格冲击有(或没有)抵抗力的公司。利用这些上市公司的股票市场数据,我们报告了SCE对排名靠前的公司的三个股票市场标准的价值。我们还研究了从市场标准到EOS和SCE的实证因果路径,表明SCE和EOS确实推动了暗示有效市场的股票市场指标。我们的汇总和详细结果与政府针对IT部门和公司治理问题的政策相关。
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引用次数: 0
Tackling Formidable Industrial Pollution by Sophisticated and Eco- Friendly Technology 用先进的环保技术解决严重的工业污染
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.56902/irbe.2018.1.3.38
Aboobacker Sadiq E
The contemporary environmental awareness has emerged primarily from the concerns in the late 19th century about protection of the countryside in Europe and the wilderness in the United States and also from the health-issues ensuing the pollution during historic industrial revolution, took place in Britain in the 18th century. Its profound aftermaths such as climate change, urbanization, pollution and over- mining, etc. are challenging even the human existence, although there are certain benefits. It is no exaggeration to say that pollution will be a biggest cause of premature death since the estimations conclude that by 2050 there will be about 3.6 million deaths a year, most of them in China and India (OECD report). Although world leaders’ perpetual attention and solidarity on this topic, for instance the Paris agreement on 30 November 2015 on climate change, are more commendable, it has fallen by the wayside. In this research-initiative my paper would illustrate the use of sophisticated and eco-friendly technology to tackle the formidable challenges of industrial pollution. As the industrial activities are essential for an economy, citizens’ well-being and maintenance of employment, its complete elimination is practically beyond the bounds of possibility. Hence, one of the key methods for getting rid of these challenges in the advanced world can be attained through the technological development. My study focuses on industrial pollution and the use of advanced technologies, introduced as new industrial process or modification of existing one for reducing the impacts of the production on environment, such as accumulation of wastes, air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution, etc.
当代环境意识主要来自19世纪后期对欧洲乡村和美国荒野保护的关注,也来自18世纪英国历史性工业革命期间污染带来的健康问题。其深刻的后果,如气候变化、城市化、污染和过度开采等,即使有一定的好处,也对人类的生存构成挑战。毫不夸张地说,污染将是过早死亡的最大原因,因为据估计,到2050年,每年将有360万人死亡,其中大多数在中国和印度(经合组织报告)。尽管世界各国领导人在这一问题上的持续关注和团结更值得称赞,例如2015年11月30日关于气候变化的《巴黎协定》,但它已被搁置一旁。在这个研究计划中,我的论文将说明如何使用复杂和环保的技术来解决工业污染带来的巨大挑战。由于工业活动对经济、公民福祉和维持就业至关重要,因此完全消除工业活动实际上是不可能的。因此,在发达国家摆脱这些挑战的关键方法之一可以通过技术发展来实现。我的研究重点是工业污染和利用先进技术,引入新的工业工艺或对现有工艺进行改造,以减少生产对环境的影响,如废物积累,空气污染,水污染和噪音污染等。
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引用次数: 0
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International Review of Business and Economics
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