Pub Date : 2018-07-18DOI: 10.22373/dusturiah.v7i2.3256
M. Hadi
ABSTRAK Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan kedudukan mazhab Fiqh dalam Islam dan hukum bermazhab. Banyak persoalan yang timbul akibat ketidakpahaman persoalan mazhab seperti sikap taqlid, fanatisme mazhab dan pendapat mewajibkan suatu mazhab tertentu. Akibatnya, timbul perpecahan dalam ummat Islam hanya gara-gara berbeda mazhab. Lebih ekstrim lagi, hanya karena berbeda dengan mazhabnya atau doktrin ulamanya, maka al-Quran dan Haditspun ditolak. Istilah “mazhab†tidak dikenal pada masa para sahabat, tabi’in dan tabi’ tabi’in. Mazhab-mazhab muncul setelah masa ketiga generasi awal tersebut yaitu pada abad kedua Hijriah. Masa ini dikenal dengan periode imam-imam mujtahid. Namun, para imam tidak mewajibkan mazhab mereka untuk diikuti. Bahkan mereka memerintahkan para murid dan pengikut mazhabnya untuk mengikuti dalil. Istilah “mazhab†menjadi semakin populer pada pertengahan abad ke empat, karena para ulama pengikut mazhab (muqallidin) mengfokuskan diri dalam mengembangkan dan menyebarkan mazhab imamnya masing-masing. Mereka meninggalkan ijtihad dan bertaqlid kepada imam-imam mazhab empat. Menurut mereka, pintu ijtihad telah tertutup. Maka mereka mewajibkan taqlid kepada imam atau mazhab tertentu dan tidak boleh berbeda darinya. Sejak masa inilah pemikiran dan keilmuan umat Islam mengalami kemunduran. Kondisi ini mendapatkan kritikan tajam dari para ulama besar seperti Imam Addabusi Al-Hanafi, Imam Ibnu Hazm (wafat 456 H), Imam Ibnu Abdi al-Bar (wafat 463 H), al-Hafizh Ibnu al-Jauzi (wafat 597), Imam ‘Izzuddin bin Abdissalam (wafat 660 H), Imam Abu Syamah (wafat 665 H), Imam Nawawi (wafat 676), Syaikhul Islam Ibnu Taimiyyah (wafat 728 H), Imam Ibnu al-Qayyim (wafat 751 H), Imam asy-Syatibi (wafat 790 H), Imam Sayuthi (wafat 911) dan para tokoh ulama lainnya. Mereka mengecam taqlid para ulama dan menyerukan mereka untuk berijtihad. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa mazhab adalah pendapat para ulama mujtahidin yang tidak ma’shum. Mazhab merupakan madrasah dalam belajar syariat. Mazhab bukan syariat yang mutlak kebenarannya dan wajib diikuti. Mengikuti syariat (al-Quran dan as-Sunnah) hukumnya wajib. Adapun mazhab tidak wajib. Taqlid terhadap imam atau mazhab tertentu haram bagi seorang mujtahid. Kewajiban bagi ulama dan penuntut ilmu ittiba’ dalil. Kewajiban orang awam adalah bertanya kepada ulama mazhab siapapun tanpa harus terikat dengan ulama tertentu. Ia tidak wajib mengikuti mazhab tertentu dalam segala persoalan dan secara terus menerus, namun boleh berpindah dari satu mazhab ke mazhab lainnya sesuai dengan dalil.
本文旨在解释Fiqh在伊斯兰教和法律界的立场。很多ketidakpahaman学派问题所造成的问题,如taqlid态度,狂热的学派和意见要求特定的学派。其结果是，乌姆马特伊斯兰教内部的分裂仅仅是由不同的流派造成的。更极端的是，仅仅因为与他的马萨或圣训不同，《古兰经》和圣训就被拒绝了。这个词a€œmazhaba€不明飞机时代的朋友们,tabia€™放进去,把tabia€™tabia€™进来。马萨哈布出现在三代人之后，也就是公元二世纪的希吉里。这一时期以祭司mujtahid时期。然而,祭司不要求学派他们被跟踪。他们甚至吩咐门徒和追随者mazhabnya跟随定理。术语a€œmazhaba€到四世纪中叶,变得越来越受欢迎,因为学者学派的追随者(muqallidin)祭司在发展和传播学派自己的焦点他们把ijtihad留给了4个祭司。根据他们的说法,ijtihad已经关门。于是他们要求向祭司taqlid或某些学派,他不能不同。从那时起，穆斯林的思想和科学就开始衰落。这种情况从这样的大学者尖锐批评Addabusi祭司Al-Hanafi ibn Hazm祭司(456 H)去世,伊本·阿卜迪al-Bar祭司(463 H)去世,al-Hafizh ibn al-Jauzi(597)去世,祭司a€˜Izzuddin bin Abdissalam 660 H)去世,伊玛目阿布·沙玛(665 H)去世,Nawawi祭司(719)去世以来,伊斯兰Syaikhul ibn Taimiyyah 728 H),祭司ibn al-Qayyim去世(751 H)去世,祭司asy-Syatibi 790 H)去世,Sayuthi祭司(911)和其他学者人物去世。他们谴责塔克里德学者，要求他们投降。本文得出结论,学派是mujtahidin学者的意见不maa€™shum。马萨布是一所学院的宗教学校。马萨布不是一个绝对诚实和值得效仿的公司。根据《可兰经》和《埃及法典》的规定，他的法律是强制性的。至于mazhab，它不是强制性的。塔立德对付神父或穆斯林是不合法的。学者最重要的责任和控方ittibaa科学€™定理。一个外行的职责是询问任何一个学者，而不需要依附于某个学者。他没有义务在所有问题上和持续地遵循某个学派，但他可以根据基本原则从一个学派转移到另一个学派。
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Pub Date : 2018-07-18DOI: 10.22373/dusturiah.v7i2.3262
Muhammad Siddiq Armia
In the begining, Sect of Shiah was born from political background, then became part of Islamic Jurisprudence. The sect of Shiah has emerged from the differen perspective of seeing Chalif of Ali Bin Abi Thalib. From the extrem perspective of Shia, they claim that Jibril as the angel revealition has made a serious mistake, because of delivering revealition to Muhammad instead of Chaliph Ali bin Abi Thalib. Thus, not all of Sect of Shiahs’ are misleading, some of them still have a right path. This article will explore the Islamic legal thought in the perpective of Shia sects, to get a clear point of view on them and to prevent misunderstanding of Shia sects in the Islamic society. Keywords: Sects, Shia, Misleading Thought
{"title":"SERPIHAN PEMIKIRAN HUKUM ISLAM DALAM MAZHAB SYIAH","authors":"Muhammad Siddiq Armia","doi":"10.22373/dusturiah.v7i2.3262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22373/dusturiah.v7i2.3262","url":null,"abstract":"In the begining, Sect of Shiah was born from political background, then became part of Islamic Jurisprudence. The sect of Shiah has emerged from the differen perspective of seeing Chalif of Ali Bin Abi Thalib. From the extrem perspective of Shia, they claim that Jibril as the angel revealition has made a serious mistake, because of delivering revealition to Muhammad instead of Chaliph Ali bin Abi Thalib. Thus, not all of Sect of Shiahs’ are misleading, some of them still have a right path. This article will explore the Islamic legal thought in the perpective of Shia sects, to get a clear point of view on them and to prevent misunderstanding of Shia sects in the Islamic society. \u0000Keywords: Sects, Shia, Misleading Thought","PeriodicalId":415658,"journal":{"name":"Dusturiyah: Jurnal Hukum Islam, Perundang-undangan dan Pranata Sosial","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124154083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-18DOI: 10.22373/DUSTURIAH.V7I2.3257
Ayu Mi Ati
Budgeting is planning arranged systematically in form of numeral and stated in unit of monetary which covering entire company activities for particular period in the future. In arrangement of budget for public sector should be determined the allocation of amount of fund in each program and government activity in monetary unit. In this case, role of DPRD to monitor local finance is very needed, so that the program which has arranged can run effectively, efficient and economical. In addition, monitoring conducted by DPRD should be direct and indirectly. As for the direct monitoring was observing, investigating, and inspection, while the indirect monitoring was to learn the report accepted from implementation. Be sides, in implementation of monitoring the DPRD has special committee referred to Budgeting Committee.
{"title":"PERAN DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DAERAH (DPRD) DALAM PENGAWASAN KEUANGAN DAERAH","authors":"Ayu Mi Ati","doi":"10.22373/DUSTURIAH.V7I2.3257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22373/DUSTURIAH.V7I2.3257","url":null,"abstract":"Budgeting is planning arranged systematically in form of numeral and stated in unit of monetary which covering entire company activities for particular period in the future. In arrangement of budget for public sector should be determined the allocation of amount of fund in each program and government activity in monetary unit. In this case, role of DPRD to monitor local finance is very needed, so that the program which has arranged can run effectively, efficient and economical. In addition, monitoring conducted by DPRD should be direct and indirectly. As for the direct monitoring was observing, investigating, and inspection, while the indirect monitoring was to learn the report accepted from implementation. Be sides, in implementation of monitoring the DPRD has special committee referred to Budgeting Committee.","PeriodicalId":415658,"journal":{"name":"Dusturiyah: Jurnal Hukum Islam, Perundang-undangan dan Pranata Sosial","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127908355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-18DOI: 10.22373/dusturiah.v7i2.3255
Mum Tazi Nur
This article is an effort to explain the correlation between natural Resources and conflict that involved Dayak and Madura ethnic in Kalimantan. This writing begins by a brief description of ethnicity and conflict and also a glance of natural Resources. This article also describing conflict of ethnic about forest issue in Kalimantan through Green Thought. This perspective discern the logical correlation between living Environment and conflict emergence.
{"title":"Konflik Etnis Dayak dan Madura dalam Masalah Hutan Kalimantan : Perspektif Green Thought","authors":"Mum Tazi Nur","doi":"10.22373/dusturiah.v7i2.3255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22373/dusturiah.v7i2.3255","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an effort to explain the correlation between natural Resources and conflict that involved Dayak and Madura ethnic in Kalimantan. This writing begins by a brief description of ethnicity and conflict and also a glance of natural Resources. This article also describing conflict of ethnic about forest issue in Kalimantan through Green Thought. This perspective discern the logical correlation between living Environment and conflict emergence.","PeriodicalId":415658,"journal":{"name":"Dusturiyah: Jurnal Hukum Islam, Perundang-undangan dan Pranata Sosial","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130634299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-18DOI: 10.22373/dusturiah.v7i2.3254
Armiadi Musa
MUI fatwa against legal permissibility (jawaz) wakaf cash has the basis of consideration nash argument (hadith Ibn Umar) which reads ihbas ashlaha wa sabbil tsamarataha. The basic considerations of MUI also exist in the aspect of its mashlahah, that the money waqf has flexibility (flexibility) and the great benefit that is not owned by other objects, in addition to its easiness in capturing waqif. The MUI sees it necessary to the development of meaning because of the substance of that understanding is the necessity of ta'bid on the substance of mawquf substance (baqa 'ainih). So the element of his devotion is to emphasize only aspects of matter not including the nature of things as well as the eternal intrinsic value of money (baqa 'ashlih). So with the development of understanding of this wakaf, is expected to open opportunities for reinterpretation of the meaning of waqf more relevant in the economic development of society. MUI also sees the need for the addition of "aw ashlihi" (baqa ashlih) which means the subject of fixed property is not lost, the addition of sentence in the definition of wakaf is also in order to understand or interpret the dedication on the aspect of the nature of the wakaf (nature)
MUI法特瓦反对法律允许(jawaz) wakaf现金的考虑是基于纳什论证(圣训伊本·欧麦尔)，即ihbas ashlaha wa sabbil tsamarataha。MUI的基本考虑还存在于其mashlahah方面，即货币waqf除了易于捕获waqif外，还具有灵活性(灵活性)和不为其他对象所有的巨大利益。MUI认为它对意义的发展是必要的，因为这种理解的实质是对mawquf实质(baqa 'ainih)的实质的要求。因此，他的虔诚的要素是只强调物质的各个方面，不包括事物的本质以及金钱的永恒内在价值(baqa 'ashlih)。因此，随着对这一wakaf认识的发展，有望打开机会，重新解释waqf的意义，在经济发展的社会中更加相关。MUI也认为有必要添加“aw ashlihi”(baqa ashlih)，意思是固定财产的主体不会丢失，在wakaf定义中添加句子也是为了理解或解释wakaf性质方面的奉献(自然)。
{"title":"WAKAF TUNAI DALAM PERSPEKTIF MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA (Analisis Terhadap Fatwa MUI No.2. Tahun 2002 Tentang Wakaf Uang)","authors":"Armiadi Musa","doi":"10.22373/dusturiah.v7i2.3254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22373/dusturiah.v7i2.3254","url":null,"abstract":"MUI fatwa against legal permissibility (jawaz) wakaf cash has the basis of consideration nash argument (hadith Ibn Umar) which reads ihbas ashlaha wa sabbil tsamarataha. The basic considerations of MUI also exist in the aspect of its mashlahah, that the money waqf has flexibility (flexibility) and the great benefit that is not owned by other objects, in addition to its easiness in capturing waqif. The MUI sees it necessary to the development of meaning because of the substance of that understanding is the necessity of ta'bid on the substance of mawquf substance (baqa 'ainih). So the element of his devotion is to emphasize only aspects of matter not including the nature of things as well as the eternal intrinsic value of money (baqa 'ashlih). So with the development of understanding of this wakaf, is expected to open opportunities for reinterpretation of the meaning of waqf more relevant in the economic development of society. MUI also sees the need for the addition of \"aw ashlihi\" (baqa ashlih) which means the subject of fixed property is not lost, the addition of sentence in the definition of wakaf is also in order to understand or interpret the dedication on the aspect of the nature of the wakaf (nature)","PeriodicalId":415658,"journal":{"name":"Dusturiyah: Jurnal Hukum Islam, Perundang-undangan dan Pranata Sosial","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114945720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-18DOI: 10.22373/dusturiah.v7i2.3258
Ihdi Karim Makinara
This study discusses criminal prosecution of fines for perpetrators of jarimahkhamar crimes in Aceh. Uqubatta'zir was previously formulated alternative cumulative in Article 26 paragraph (2) Qanun NAD Number 12 Year 2003 and has been used in Decision Number 22/JN/2009/MS.Mbo.The judges of the MahkamahSyari'iyyahMeulaboh did not impose a fine on the convicted person.The culprit is a non-Muslim, he has a family, and this is his second crime. While Article 16 paragraph (1) and (2) Qanun Aceh Number 6 of 2014 formulates a fine with an alternative formulation. If the formulation in these two paragraphs finds a concrete legal event, what judge will use a fine to the same perpetrator. Judge is not a funnel of law, so it must give justice according to the situation of the convicted person. Because the criminal not only reply, but educate and prevent.
{"title":"PENGENYAMPINGAN PIDANA DENDA BAGI PENJUAL KHAMAR: QANUN, PUTUSAN HAKIM DAN TEORI HUKUM PROGRESIF","authors":"Ihdi Karim Makinara","doi":"10.22373/dusturiah.v7i2.3258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22373/dusturiah.v7i2.3258","url":null,"abstract":"This study discusses criminal prosecution of fines for perpetrators of jarimahkhamar crimes in Aceh. Uqubatta'zir was previously formulated alternative cumulative in Article 26 paragraph (2) Qanun NAD Number 12 Year 2003 and has been used in Decision Number 22/JN/2009/MS.Mbo.The judges of the MahkamahSyari'iyyahMeulaboh did not impose a fine on the convicted person.The culprit is a non-Muslim, he has a family, and this is his second crime. While Article 16 paragraph (1) and (2) Qanun Aceh Number 6 of 2014 formulates a fine with an alternative formulation. If the formulation in these two paragraphs finds a concrete legal event, what judge will use a fine to the same perpetrator. Judge is not a funnel of law, so it must give justice according to the situation of the convicted person. Because the criminal not only reply, but educate and prevent.","PeriodicalId":415658,"journal":{"name":"Dusturiyah: Jurnal Hukum Islam, Perundang-undangan dan Pranata Sosial","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128782099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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