This study was carried out to determine effect of sixteen different organic nutrition sources to grain yield of popcorn (Zea mays L. everta) in Cermik district of Diyarbakir province of Turkey between 2010 and 2011 years. The research was established according to Randomized Complete Block Designs (RCBD) with 3 replicates and Ant-Cin 98 popcorn variety was used as crop material in the study. Organic nutrition sources were torf, compost, cattle manure, chicken manure, horse manure, sheep manure, pigeon manure, vermicompost, seaweed + cattle manure, compost + humic acid, cattle manure + humic acid, chicken manure + humic acid, horse manure + humic acid, sheep manure + humic acid and torf + humic acid except conventional. In both years, applications affected significantly popcorn yield (P≤0.01). According to average of two years, the highest popcorn grain yields were found at seaweed + cattle manure, horse manure + humic acid and sheep manure + humic acid applications. Grain yields of these applications were 526.54 kg da-1, 516.85 kg da-1 and 497.07 kg da-1, respectively. Seaweed + cattle manure, horse manure + humic acid, sheep manure + humic acid and pigeon manure of applications were caused a 9.47%, 7.45%, 3.34%, 0.52% increase in yield compared with the conventional application, respectively. Also economic analysis was performed in this study. The greatest net profits were obtained from horse manure + humic acid application (2280.64 TL da-1) in 2010 while horse manure (2545.82 TL da-1) application in 2011. According to yield, quality and economic net profit; horse manure, chicken manure, compost, cattle manure, sheep manure and humic acid applications can be used in organic popcorn farming.
{"title":"Bazı Organik Besin Kaynaklarının Cin Mısırın (Zea mays L. everta) Tane Verimine Etkisi","authors":"H. Cihangir, A. Öktem","doi":"10.15832/ANKUTBD.446383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/ANKUTBD.446383","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to determine effect of sixteen different organic nutrition sources to grain yield of popcorn (Zea mays L. everta) in Cermik district of Diyarbakir province of Turkey between 2010 and 2011 years. The research was established according to Randomized Complete Block Designs (RCBD) with 3 replicates and Ant-Cin 98 popcorn variety was used as crop material in the study. Organic nutrition sources were torf, compost, cattle manure, chicken manure, horse manure, sheep manure, pigeon manure, vermicompost, seaweed + cattle manure, compost + humic acid, cattle manure + humic acid, chicken manure + humic acid, horse manure + humic acid, sheep manure + humic acid and torf + humic acid except conventional. In both years, applications affected significantly popcorn yield (P≤0.01). According to average of two years, the highest popcorn grain yields were found at seaweed + cattle manure, horse manure + humic acid and sheep manure + humic acid applications. Grain yields of these applications were 526.54 kg da-1, 516.85 kg da-1 and 497.07 kg da-1, respectively. Seaweed + cattle manure, horse manure + humic acid, sheep manure + humic acid and pigeon manure of applications were caused a 9.47%, 7.45%, 3.34%, 0.52% increase in yield compared with the conventional application, respectively. Also economic analysis was performed in this study. The greatest net profits were obtained from horse manure + humic acid application (2280.64 TL da-1) in 2010 while horse manure (2545.82 TL da-1) application in 2011. According to yield, quality and economic net profit; horse manure, chicken manure, compost, cattle manure, sheep manure and humic acid applications can be used in organic popcorn farming.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80213777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The quality of horticultural products can be promoted using high techniques. One of these methods is precooling applied before storage and leads to increased shelf and storage life of the fruit. For this reason, the effect of forced air cooling was conducted to investigate the cooling rate at the center (aril), spongy tissue (peel) and leathery skin (rind) of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Airflow velocity as an effective factor in cooling products at three levels of 0.5, 1, and 1.3 m s-1 and temperature of 7.2 °C was considered. Cooling parameters including lag factor and cooling coefficient were calculated from experimental data. Then, half-cooling time and seven-eighths cooling time were obtained at different layers of pomegranate. Cooling heterogeneity was analyzed at different air velocity and at different layers of pomegranate. The results showed that increase in air velocity from 0.5 to 1.3 m s-1, reduced the half-cooling time and seven-eighths cooling time. After 5000 seconds, the change of air velocity had a slight influence on decreasing temperature of different layers of pomegranate. Cooling heterogeneity at the air velocity of 0.5 m s-1 was low and then increased at the air velocity of 1 m s-1. Finally, at the air velocity of 1.3 m s-1, it was declined. The overall results illustrate that the applied methodology in this research, which explains unsteady heat transfer in the cooling process, can be performed in pomegranate or similarly shaped fruits.
利用高新技术可以提高园艺产品的质量。其中一种方法是在储存前进行预冷，从而增加水果的货架和储存寿命。为此，对石榴(Punica granatum L.)中部(假种皮)、海绵状组织(果皮)和革质皮(皮)的冷却速率进行了研究。在0.5、1和1.3 m s-1三个水平和7.2°C温度下，风速是冷却产品的有效因素。根据实验数据计算出滞后系数和冷却系数等冷却参数。然后，得到石榴不同层数的半冷却时间和八分之七冷却时间。分析了石榴在不同风速和不同层数下的冷却不均一性。结果表明，风速由0.5 m s-1增加到1.3 m s-1，可缩短半冷却时间和7 / 8冷却时间。5000秒后，风速的变化对石榴各层的降温影响不大。冷却非均匀性在0.5 m s-1风速下较低，在1 m s-1风速下增大。最后，在风速为1.3 m s-1时，它有所下降。总体结果表明，本研究中解释冷却过程中不稳定传热的应用方法可以在石榴或类似形状的水果中执行。
{"title":"An Evaluation of the Performance of Forced Air Cooling on Cooling Parameters in Transient Heat Transfer at Different Layers of Pomegranate","authors":"M. Behaeen, A. Mahmoudi, S. Ranjbar","doi":"10.15832/ankutbd.446362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.446362","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of horticultural products can be promoted using high techniques. One of these methods is precooling applied before storage and leads to increased shelf and storage life of the fruit. For this reason, the effect of forced air cooling was conducted to investigate the cooling rate at the center (aril), spongy tissue (peel) and leathery skin (rind) of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Airflow velocity as an effective factor in cooling products at three levels of 0.5, 1, and 1.3 m s-1 and temperature of 7.2 °C was considered. Cooling parameters including lag factor and cooling coefficient were calculated from experimental data. Then, half-cooling time and seven-eighths cooling time were obtained at different layers of pomegranate. Cooling heterogeneity was analyzed at different air velocity and at different layers of pomegranate. The results showed that increase in air velocity from 0.5 to 1.3 m s-1, reduced the half-cooling time and seven-eighths cooling time. After 5000 seconds, the change of air velocity had a slight influence on decreasing temperature of different layers of pomegranate. Cooling heterogeneity at the air velocity of 0.5 m s-1 was low and then increased at the air velocity of 1 m s-1. Finally, at the air velocity of 1.3 m s-1, it was declined. The overall results illustrate that the applied methodology in this research, which explains unsteady heat transfer in the cooling process, can be performed in pomegranate or similarly shaped fruits.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87708650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahroo Mojtabaie Zmani, M. Nabipour, M. Meskarbashee
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of heat stress after anthesis on the performance of Photosystem II (PSII) and the enzymatic activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. Two treatments-normal and heat stress-were conducted on four bread wheat cultivars from 7 days after anthesis until maturity. Heat stress led to an acceleration of chlorosis, reduced the efficiency of electron transfer and increased concentrations of malondialdehyde; however, the level of susceptibility varied depending on the cultivars. On the 10th day of heat stress, reductions in fluorescence parameters, depending on the cultivar, were 6.9 to 18.9% for Fv/Fm, 9 to 21% for ΦPSII and 8.3 to 19.4% for F’v/F’m compared to normal conditions. Catalase activity increased after initial exposure to heat stress. However, after 10 days of treatment, catalase activity increased in the Chamran and Aflak cultivars by 32% and 45%, respectively, but it did not change in the Dez cultivar and decreased 22% in Darab2. Ascorbate peroxidase activity decreased in two treatments, while the amount of reduction in heat stress treatment was more than the normal treatment. The highest levels of enzymatic activity were observed in Chamran under heat stress conditions, whereas Darab2 and Dez showed the lowest activity of the enzymes. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll index had a significant negative correlation with the levels of malondialdehyde; however, they had a significant positive correlation with the antioxidant activity.
{"title":"Effects of Heat Stress after Anthesis on PSII Photochemical Efficiency and the Antioxidant Activity of Wheat Cultivars","authors":"Mahroo Mojtabaie Zmani, M. Nabipour, M. Meskarbashee","doi":"10.15832/ankutbd.446391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.446391","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to investigate the effects of heat stress after anthesis on the performance of Photosystem II (PSII) and the enzymatic activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. Two treatments-normal and heat stress-were conducted on four bread wheat cultivars from 7 days after anthesis until maturity. Heat stress led to an acceleration of chlorosis, reduced the efficiency of electron transfer and increased concentrations of malondialdehyde; however, the level of susceptibility varied depending on the cultivars. On the 10th day of heat stress, reductions in fluorescence parameters, depending on the cultivar, were 6.9 to 18.9% for Fv/Fm, 9 to 21% for ΦPSII and 8.3 to 19.4% for F’v/F’m compared to normal conditions. Catalase activity increased after initial exposure to heat stress. However, after 10 days of treatment, catalase activity increased in the Chamran and Aflak cultivars by 32% and 45%, respectively, but it did not change in the Dez cultivar and decreased 22% in Darab2. Ascorbate peroxidase activity decreased in two treatments, while the amount of reduction in heat stress treatment was more than the normal treatment. The highest levels of enzymatic activity were observed in Chamran under heat stress conditions, whereas Darab2 and Dez showed the lowest activity of the enzymes. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll index had a significant negative correlation with the levels of malondialdehyde; however, they had a significant positive correlation with the antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78990341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Sabbagh, S. Sabbagh, N. Panjehkeh, Hamid Reza Bolok-Yazdi
Damping-off disease of cucumber is one of the most destructive diseases of cucumber in worldwide. In this work, the potential of jasmonic acid (JA) for induce resistant against damping off disease was investigated. The effect of JA on activity of Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Peroxidase (PO) and Catalase (CAT) enzymes and total phenol was assayed by spectrophotometric method. Expression level of three plant defense genes as Lipoxygenase, Cupi4 and Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase genes was analyzed using qRT-PCR method. Drop-plate method was used to assay inhibitory effect of JA on radial growth of fungi. Exogenic application of JA decreased disease severity in the infected plants but did not inhibit mycelia growth on solid medium compared to control. Our results showed that JA application substantially increased the activity of oxidative enzymes at different concentration. The highest enzyme activity was recorded after 48 hours post infection (hpi) at a concentration of 400 mg L-1 of JA. Gene expression analysis revealed that JA is differentially able to increase the mRNA transcripts of all tested genes at 48 hpi. The expression level of Cupi4 gene was higher than the other genes in treated plants. Induced systemic resistance by JA was mediated through an enhanced expression of ISR marker genes and increase of antioxidant enzymes activity. Based on these results, we suggest that exogenic application of JA could be considered as plant resistance inducer.
{"title":"Jasmonic Acid Induced Systemic Resistance in Infected Cucumber by Pythium aphanidermatum","authors":"E. Sabbagh, S. Sabbagh, N. Panjehkeh, Hamid Reza Bolok-Yazdi","doi":"10.15832/ANKUTBD.446416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/ANKUTBD.446416","url":null,"abstract":"Damping-off disease of cucumber is one of the most destructive diseases of cucumber in worldwide. In this work, the potential of jasmonic acid (JA) for induce resistant against damping off disease was investigated. The effect of JA on activity of Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Peroxidase (PO) and Catalase (CAT) enzymes and total phenol was assayed by spectrophotometric method. Expression level of three plant defense genes as Lipoxygenase, Cupi4 and Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase genes was analyzed using qRT-PCR method. Drop-plate method was used to assay inhibitory effect of JA on radial growth of fungi. Exogenic application of JA decreased disease severity in the infected plants but did not inhibit mycelia growth on solid medium compared to control. Our results showed that JA application substantially increased the activity of oxidative enzymes at different concentration. The highest enzyme activity was recorded after 48 hours post infection (hpi) at a concentration of 400 mg L-1 of JA. Gene expression analysis revealed that JA is differentially able to increase the mRNA transcripts of all tested genes at 48 hpi. The expression level of Cupi4 gene was higher than the other genes in treated plants. Induced systemic resistance by JA was mediated through an enhanced expression of ISR marker genes and increase of antioxidant enzymes activity. Based on these results, we suggest that exogenic application of JA could be considered as plant resistance inducer.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86014558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
crops, different weeds grow along with potatoes in agricultural fields. These weeds reduce the performance of crops due to competing with them to absorb water, light, and nutrients from soil. Accordingly, in this study, a machine vision system with the hybrid artificial neural network-ant colony algorithm (ANN-ACO) classifier was developed for a site-specific spraying considering the weed type. Potato plant and three weed types including Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare L., and Secale cereale L. were used in this study. A digital camera (SAMSUNG WB151F (CCD, 14.2 MP, 30f/s) was placed in the center of the video acquisition system. The distance between plants and the digital camera was fixed at 40 cm. For video acquisition, only lamps of white LED with a light intensity of 327 lux were selected. For filming in order to evaluate the proposed system, a 4-hectare area of Agria potato fields in Kermanshah-Iran (longitude: 7.03°E; latitude: 4.22°N) was selected. Employing the Gamma test, among 31 features, 5 features (Luminance and Hue corresponding to YIQ color space, Autocorrelation, Contrast, and Correlation) were selected. The correct classification accuracy for testing and training data using three classifiers of the hybrid ANN-ACO, radial basis function (RBF) artificial neural network, and Discriminant analysis (DA) was 99.6% and 98.13%, 97.24% and 91.23%, and 69.8% and 70.8%, respectively. The results show that the accuracy of DA statistical method is much lower than that of the hybrid ANN-ACO classifier. Consequently, the results of the present study can be used in machine vision system for the optimum spraying of herbicides.
{"title":"Developing a Machine Vision System to Detect Weeds from Potato Plant","authors":"S. Sabzi, Y. A. Gilandeh, H. Javadikia","doi":"10.15832/ANKUTBD.446402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/ANKUTBD.446402","url":null,"abstract":"crops, different weeds grow along with potatoes in agricultural fields. These weeds reduce the performance of crops due to competing with them to absorb water, light, and nutrients from soil. Accordingly, in this study, a machine vision system with the hybrid artificial neural network-ant colony algorithm (ANN-ACO) classifier was developed for a site-specific spraying considering the weed type. Potato plant and three weed types including Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare L., and Secale cereale L. were used in this study. A digital camera (SAMSUNG WB151F (CCD, 14.2 MP, 30f/s) was placed in the center of the video acquisition system. The distance between plants and the digital camera was fixed at 40 cm. For video acquisition, only lamps of white LED with a light intensity of 327 lux were selected. For filming in order to evaluate the proposed system, a 4-hectare area of Agria potato fields in Kermanshah-Iran (longitude: 7.03°E; latitude: 4.22°N) was selected. Employing the Gamma test, among 31 features, 5 features (Luminance and Hue corresponding to YIQ color space, Autocorrelation, Contrast, and Correlation) were selected. The correct classification accuracy for testing and training data using three classifiers of the hybrid ANN-ACO, radial basis function (RBF) artificial neural network, and Discriminant analysis (DA) was 99.6% and 98.13%, 97.24% and 91.23%, and 69.8% and 70.8%, respectively. The results show that the accuracy of DA statistical method is much lower than that of the hybrid ANN-ACO classifier. Consequently, the results of the present study can be used in machine vision system for the optimum spraying of herbicides.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88893019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. A. Mutwali, A. I. Mustafa, I. M. Ahmed, E. E. Babiker
The present work examined the effect of genotype and environment on protein content and fractions, gluten and starch fraction, SSL (sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate) and DMG (distilled mono glyceride) binding ability of starch and specific loaf volume (SLV) of six wheat genotypes grown in three different environment. Genotype and environment significantly affected all quality attributes under investigation. However, protein content and fractions showed differences in relative effects of genotype and environment. Most of the protein quality characteristics were influenced more by genotype than environment. Size distribution of gluten subunits was significantly affected by genotype and environment. It was observed that as the flour protein content increased, the magnitudes of monomeric proteins appeared to rise, but glutenin decreased. Flour protein content was expressively associated with gliadin and dough making characteristics. Environment influenced b eedings.
{"title":"Effect of Environment and Genotype on the Protein Quality Attributes and Baking Characteristic of Newly Developed Wheat Inbred Lines","authors":"N. A. Mutwali, A. I. Mustafa, I. M. Ahmed, E. E. Babiker","doi":"10.15832/ankutbd.446407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.446407","url":null,"abstract":"The present work examined the effect of genotype and environment on protein content and fractions, gluten and starch fraction, SSL (sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate) and DMG (distilled mono glyceride) binding ability of starch and specific loaf volume (SLV) of six wheat genotypes grown in three different environment. Genotype and environment significantly affected all quality attributes under investigation. However, protein content and fractions showed differences in relative effects of genotype and environment. Most of the protein quality characteristics were influenced more by genotype than environment. Size distribution of gluten subunits was significantly affected by genotype and environment. It was observed that as the flour protein content increased, the magnitudes of monomeric proteins appeared to rise, but glutenin decreased. Flour protein content was expressively associated with gliadin and dough making characteristics. Environment influenced b eedings.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76857007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alkan Öztekin, A. Ayaz, Uğur Özekinci, Can Ali Kumova
This study was conducted to determine the selectivity of the hooks used for bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix Linneaus, 1766) in the Gallipoli Peninsula and the Dardanelles between 2006 and 2009 fishing seasons (November to September). Bluefish were fished with hooks sized 1, 1/0, 2/0, 3/0, 4/0 and in sum; 1210 bluefish were caught. The hook no 2/0 caught the highest number of fish (344 fish, 20.43%) and the hook no 1 caught the least (35 fish, 2.89%). Length frequency distribution of bluefish, which were caught with different hook sizes, was used in SELECT method and according to the results; the normal scale model gave the best fit for selectivity. The normal scale model was used to calculate model length (ML) and spread value (SV) of each hook size. Model length and spread value were found as follows; 19.18 cm ML and 4.44 SV for hook no. 1; 21.88 cm ML, 5.07 SV for hook no 1/0; 24.14 cm ML, 5.59 SV for hook no. 2/0; 27.02 cm ML, 6.26 SV for hook no. 3/0; 28.19 cm ML, 6.53 SV for hook no. 4/0, respectively. Because the minimum landing size (MLS) for bluefish has been stipulated as 20.0 cm (TL) in the Turkish Fishery Regulations, the use of hook no. 2/0 or bigger hook sizes can be recommended for fishing of bluefish.
本研究旨在确定2006年至2009年捕鱼季节(11月至9月)加利波利半岛和达达尼尔海峡蓝鱼(Pomatomus saltatrix Linneaus, 1766)所用鱼钩的选择性。蓝鱼的鱼钩尺寸分别为1、1/0、2/0、3/0、4/0和总和;捕获了1210条蓝鱼。2/0号鱼钩捕获鱼最多(344条，20.43%)，1号鱼钩捕获鱼最少(35条，2.89%)。采用SELECT方法，根据不同鱼钩大小捕获的蓝鱼的长度频率分布;标准比例模型对选择性的拟合效果最好。采用正比例模型计算各鱼钩尺寸的模型长度(ML)和扩散值(SV)。模型长度和扩散值如下:钩号为19.18 cm ML, 4.44 SV。1;21.88 cm ML, 1/0号钩5.07 SV;24.14 cm ML，钩号5.59 SV。2/0;27.02 cm ML, 6.26 SV，钩号。3/0;28.19 cm ML，钩号6.53 SV。分别为4/0。由于《土耳其渔业条例》规定蓝鱼的最小上岸尺寸(MLS)为20.0厘米(TL)，因此使用钩号。钓蓝鱼时，建议使用2/0或更大的鱼钩。
{"title":"Hook Selectivity for Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix Linneaus, 1766) in Gallipoli Peninsula and Çanakkale Strait (Northern Aegean Sea, Turkey)","authors":"Alkan Öztekin, A. Ayaz, Uğur Özekinci, Can Ali Kumova","doi":"10.15832/ANKUTBD.446380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/ANKUTBD.446380","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the selectivity of the hooks used for bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix Linneaus, 1766) in the Gallipoli Peninsula and the Dardanelles between 2006 and 2009 fishing seasons (November to September). Bluefish were fished with hooks sized 1, 1/0, 2/0, 3/0, 4/0 and in sum; 1210 bluefish were caught. The hook no 2/0 caught the highest number of fish (344 fish, 20.43%) and the hook no 1 caught the least (35 fish, 2.89%). Length frequency distribution of bluefish, which were caught with different hook sizes, was used in SELECT method and according to the results; the normal scale model gave the best fit for selectivity. The normal scale model was used to calculate model length (ML) and spread value (SV) of each hook size. Model length and spread value were found as follows; 19.18 cm ML and 4.44 SV for hook no. 1; 21.88 cm ML, 5.07 SV for hook no 1/0; 24.14 cm ML, 5.59 SV for hook no. 2/0; 27.02 cm ML, 6.26 SV for hook no. 3/0; 28.19 cm ML, 6.53 SV for hook no. 4/0, respectively. Because the minimum landing size (MLS) for bluefish has been stipulated as 20.0 cm (TL) in the Turkish Fishery Regulations, the use of hook no. 2/0 or bigger hook sizes can be recommended for fishing of bluefish.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90835753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Cattle recovered from clinical babesiosis become carriers for a certain period posing a threat of transmitting the disease to the entire herd. Diagnosis of carrier cattle is important for preventing outbreaks of babesiosis. The objective of the present study therefore, was to establish a sensitive rapid detection method for bovine babesiosis in suspected carrier cattle using nested PCR (nPCR). Research Method: Accordingly, 30 blood samples and ticks were collected from suspected carrier cattle representing two bio-climatic zones of Sri Lanka. Blood samples were analysed by both microscopically and nested nPCR methods for detection of bovine babesiosis. Further ticks were analysed for morphological idenfication using micrscopy and for babesiosis with nPCR. Findings: 47% (14/30) among the investigated samples became positive for the babesia infection with light microscopy, while nPCR analysis diagnosed 90% (27/30) as positive. This indicates that, 43% (13/30) of the animals which appeared to be healthy through routine light microscopical diagnosis were in fact carriers posing a major threat to the healthy herd. Further, according to the results of nPCR, 22% (6/27) of the blood samples were positive only for Babesia bovis infection, 11% (3/27) only for Babesia bigemina infection and 67% (18/27) for mixed infection with both parasites. The dominant tick vector isolated from both zones was Rhiphicephalus microplus. Out of the examined ticks, 21% (5/24) were positive for Babesia bigemina infection. Research limitations: Since the sample size from all sites of both climatic zones were uneven and small, data could not be analysed for statistical significance. Originality/Value: However, the results from this study indicate that nPCR provides a sensitive screening method to detect bovine babesiosis compared to the conventional microscopic analysis.
{"title":"PCR Based Approach for Detection of Bovine Babesiosis in Suspected Carrier Cattle and Vector Ticks in Sri Lanka","authors":"R. Vimonish, G. Galhena, M. Magamage","doi":"10.4038/JAS.V13I1.8300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/JAS.V13I1.8300","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Cattle recovered from clinical babesiosis become carriers for a certain period posing a threat of transmitting the disease to the entire herd. Diagnosis of carrier cattle is important for preventing outbreaks of babesiosis. The objective of the present study therefore, was to establish a sensitive rapid detection method for bovine babesiosis in suspected carrier cattle using nested PCR (nPCR). Research Method: Accordingly, 30 blood samples and ticks were collected from suspected carrier cattle representing two bio-climatic zones of Sri Lanka. Blood samples were analysed by both microscopically and nested nPCR methods for detection of bovine babesiosis. Further ticks were analysed for morphological idenfication using micrscopy and for babesiosis with nPCR. Findings: 47% (14/30) among the investigated samples became positive for the babesia infection with light microscopy, while nPCR analysis diagnosed 90% (27/30) as positive. This indicates that, 43% (13/30) of the animals which appeared to be healthy through routine light microscopical diagnosis were in fact carriers posing a major threat to the healthy herd. Further, according to the results of nPCR, 22% (6/27) of the blood samples were positive only for Babesia bovis infection, 11% (3/27) only for Babesia bigemina infection and 67% (18/27) for mixed infection with both parasites. The dominant tick vector isolated from both zones was Rhiphicephalus microplus. Out of the examined ticks, 21% (5/24) were positive for Babesia bigemina infection. Research limitations: Since the sample size from all sites of both climatic zones were uneven and small, data could not be analysed for statistical significance. Originality/Value: However, the results from this study indicate that nPCR provides a sensitive screening method to detect bovine babesiosis compared to the conventional microscopic analysis.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74542535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The huge gap between actual and achievable yields in Ghana’s maize production threatens Ghana’s household food security. Poor adoption of improved maize production technologies is often cited as the major cause of the low yields. This study examined the factors influencing adoption of improved production technologies by maize farmers in order to highlight the constraints and opportunities for improving adoption. Research Method: The data used were obtained through a cross-sectional survey of 576 maize farmers in Ghana using the structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and the multinomial logit model were the methods of analysis employed. Findings: The results showed that adoption of production technologies is influenced by age, educational level, initial capital outlay, agricultural extension contact, group membership, availability of ready maize market, access to credit, experience in maize farming, land fragmentation and previous year’s price of maize. For adoption of maize production technologies to be improved, technology dissemination programmes should target to literate farmers and farmers should be encouraged to join farmer groups, stakeholders should support maize farmers with credit, maize farmers should be provided with ready market and younger farmers should be encouraged to consider maize production as a business. Research Limitations: The study focused on whether or not in general, maize farmers used production technologies. It presents limited information on specific technologies in different agro-ecological zones. Originality/Value: This study provides insights into why especially some Ghanaian maize farmers adopt or do not adopt certain technological packages promoted by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA) of Ghana.
{"title":"Factors affecting Adoption of Maize Production Technologies: A study in Ghana","authors":"C. Wongnaa, D. Awunyo-Vitor, J. A. Bakang","doi":"10.4038/JAS.V13I1.8303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/JAS.V13I1.8303","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The huge gap between actual and achievable yields in Ghana’s maize production threatens Ghana’s household food security. Poor adoption of improved maize production technologies is often cited as the major cause of the low yields. This study examined the factors influencing adoption of improved production technologies by maize farmers in order to highlight the constraints and opportunities for improving adoption. Research Method: The data used were obtained through a cross-sectional survey of 576 maize farmers in Ghana using the structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and the multinomial logit model were the methods of analysis employed. Findings: The results showed that adoption of production technologies is influenced by age, educational level, initial capital outlay, agricultural extension contact, group membership, availability of ready maize market, access to credit, experience in maize farming, land fragmentation and previous year’s price of maize. For adoption of maize production technologies to be improved, technology dissemination programmes should target to literate farmers and farmers should be encouraged to join farmer groups, stakeholders should support maize farmers with credit, maize farmers should be provided with ready market and younger farmers should be encouraged to consider maize production as a business. Research Limitations: The study focused on whether or not in general, maize farmers used production technologies. It presents limited information on specific technologies in different agro-ecological zones. Originality/Value: This study provides insights into why especially some Ghanaian maize farmers adopt or do not adopt certain technological packages promoted by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA) of Ghana.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72946970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The transcriptome of ‘Campbell Early’ grape berries exposed to high temperature was analyzed to select useful genes by evaluating their differential expression through sequencing short reads on Solexa platform. Research Method: We assembled 118 million high-quality trimmed reads using Velvet followed by Oases. Findings: Functional categorization of expressed transcripts revealed the conservation of genes involved in various biological processes like responses to chemical (12.7%), responses to abiotic stimulus (11.8%), biosynthesis processes (11.8%), and cellular metabolic processes (10.4%) in grape berries exposed to high temperature. The major up-regulated genes included isocitratelyase, cysteine proteinases superfamily protein, cupin family protein, and glycosyl hydrolase genes, and the major down-regulated genes included flavanone 3-hydroxylase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chlorophyll A-B binding family protein, and polygalacturonase inhibiting protein genes in grape berries exposed to high temperature. Among genes related to grape coloration, expressions of chalcone and stilbene synthase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase, phenylalanine ammonia lyasegenes were more strongly inhibited in berries kept at 35°C than 25°C. Originality/Value: Transcript sets of grape berries generated in this study will provide a resource for gene discovery and development of functional molecular markers to be used in elucidating the mechanism of tolerance to high temperature.
{"title":"Selection of Differentially Expressed Genes Using the Transcriptome Analysis of Ripening Grape Berries in Response to High Temperature","authors":"Seon Ae Kim, S. Ahn, H. Yun","doi":"10.4038/JAS.V13I1.8297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/JAS.V13I1.8297","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The transcriptome of ‘Campbell Early’ grape berries exposed to high temperature was analyzed to select useful genes by evaluating their differential expression through sequencing short reads on Solexa platform. Research Method: We assembled 118 million high-quality trimmed reads using Velvet followed by Oases. Findings: Functional categorization of expressed transcripts revealed the conservation of genes involved in various biological processes like responses to chemical (12.7%), responses to abiotic stimulus (11.8%), biosynthesis processes (11.8%), and cellular metabolic processes (10.4%) in grape berries exposed to high temperature. The major up-regulated genes included isocitratelyase, cysteine proteinases superfamily protein, cupin family protein, and glycosyl hydrolase genes, and the major down-regulated genes included flavanone 3-hydroxylase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chlorophyll A-B binding family protein, and polygalacturonase inhibiting protein genes in grape berries exposed to high temperature. Among genes related to grape coloration, expressions of chalcone and stilbene synthase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase, phenylalanine ammonia lyasegenes were more strongly inhibited in berries kept at 35°C than 25°C. Originality/Value: Transcript sets of grape berries generated in this study will provide a resource for gene discovery and development of functional molecular markers to be used in elucidating the mechanism of tolerance to high temperature.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80268482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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