Purpose : Though essential for optimum nutrition and health, excessive consumption of animal source food items (ASF), particularly certain types is associated with health risks. Nutritional knowledge and misconceptions about ASF are among the factors that affect the type and level of consumption. This study investigates the nutrition knowledge and misconceptions about the ASF among different demographic segments of Sri Lanka. Research Method : The sample comprised of 361 randomly selected respondents. Each respondent was asked to indicate whether they agreed or disagreed on 20 knowledge-testing statements and to the extent they were certain about the each of the answers- in a four point Likert scale ranging from completely uncertain to completely certain. Findings : Nutritional knowledge score was as low as 34%. Gender and age had no significant effect on knowledge score. Tamils, Hindus, rural dwellers and respondents of lower education levels reported lower knowledge scores. Almost one in four believed that brown eggs are more nutritious than white. Around 16% respondents believed that even for a healthy adult an egg a day is unsafe. Older and rural respondents opined brown eggs were more nutritious while relatively younger urban segment was more concern about egg consumption level. As high as 19% of the respondents failed to recognize the nutritional superiority of fresh milk over powdered milk. Limitations : Though the sample comprised all main ethnic, religious and dwelling categories, it was drawn only from two administrative districts. Originality/Value : The study revealed that Sri Lankans still have low nutrition knowledge and hold a number of misconceptions about the ASF and, identifies the awareness programs particularly targeting rural and less educated social segments
{"title":"Nutrition Knowledge and Misconception about Animal Source Food among Sri Lankans","authors":"N. Atapattu, H. Wimalarathne","doi":"10.4038/JAS.V13I2.8337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/JAS.V13I2.8337","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose : Though essential for optimum nutrition and health, excessive consumption of animal source food items (ASF), particularly certain types is associated with health risks. Nutritional knowledge and misconceptions about ASF are among the factors that affect the type and level of consumption. This study investigates the nutrition knowledge and misconceptions about the ASF among different demographic segments of Sri Lanka. Research Method : The sample comprised of 361 randomly selected respondents. Each respondent was asked to indicate whether they agreed or disagreed on 20 knowledge-testing statements and to the extent they were certain about the each of the answers- in a four point Likert scale ranging from completely uncertain to completely certain. Findings : Nutritional knowledge score was as low as 34%. Gender and age had no significant effect on knowledge score. Tamils, Hindus, rural dwellers and respondents of lower education levels reported lower knowledge scores. Almost one in four believed that brown eggs are more nutritious than white. Around 16% respondents believed that even for a healthy adult an egg a day is unsafe. Older and rural respondents opined brown eggs were more nutritious while relatively younger urban segment was more concern about egg consumption level. As high as 19% of the respondents failed to recognize the nutritional superiority of fresh milk over powdered milk. Limitations : Though the sample comprised all main ethnic, religious and dwelling categories, it was drawn only from two administrative districts. Originality/Value : The study revealed that Sri Lankans still have low nutrition knowledge and hold a number of misconceptions about the ASF and, identifies the awareness programs particularly targeting rural and less educated social segments","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91032684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose : The effects of Phoenix dactylifera seed powder on milt quality of Clarias gariepinus was investigated. The purpose of the research were to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of P. dactylifera seed meal on the milt quality of African catfish, C. gariepinus; and to examine the effects of the dietary supplementation of P. dactylifera seed meal on the histology of the testes. Research Method : Five diets with crude protein of 40% were formulated with different inclusion levels of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0g date palm/100g of diet. 75 male C. gariepinus broodstocks (327.26 ± 8.61g) were randomly distributed in triplicate into 15 concrete tanks at stocking density of 5 fish per tank for 70 days. Findings : Reproductive performance indices and milt quality parameters were determined at the end of the feeding trial. There was no significant differences (P Research limitations : The limitation of this research was the unavailability of funds to extend this research in order to carry out more investigation using other culturable fish species. Value of the Research : The study revealed that dietary supplementation of P. dactylifera seed powder at 2.0g/100g diet significantly increased milt quality of C. gariepinus broodstocks.
{"title":"Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Seed on Milt Quality of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Broodstocks","authors":"A. Dada, A. E. Fagbohun","doi":"10.4038/JAS.V13I2.8339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/JAS.V13I2.8339","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose : The effects of Phoenix dactylifera seed powder on milt quality of Clarias gariepinus was investigated. The purpose of the research were to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of P. dactylifera seed meal on the milt quality of African catfish, C. gariepinus; and to examine the effects of the dietary supplementation of P. dactylifera seed meal on the histology of the testes. Research Method : Five diets with crude protein of 40% were formulated with different inclusion levels of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0g date palm/100g of diet. 75 male C. gariepinus broodstocks (327.26 ± 8.61g) were randomly distributed in triplicate into 15 concrete tanks at stocking density of 5 fish per tank for 70 days. Findings : Reproductive performance indices and milt quality parameters were determined at the end of the feeding trial. There was no significant differences (P Research limitations : The limitation of this research was the unavailability of funds to extend this research in order to carry out more investigation using other culturable fish species. Value of the Research : The study revealed that dietary supplementation of P. dactylifera seed powder at 2.0g/100g diet significantly increased milt quality of C. gariepinus broodstocks.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88396474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Soil fertility maintenance is a major concern in tropical Africa which needs to tackle soil fertility depletion as fundamental constraints. Similarly, the traditional way of planting tef reduces the amount of grain production, promotes competition for inputs and causes severe lodging. In this view, a study was to investigate the effect of sowing methods and NPS fertilizer application on tef production. Research method: A factorial experiment was laid out in RCBD with12 treatment combination and three replications at DebreZeit Agricultural Research Center. The first factor included six NPS fertilizer rates and the second factor included two methods of sowing. Relevant data were gathered and analyzed using SAS and mean difference were compared using LSD. Findings: The results of the study revealed that the analysis of variance among fertilizer rates and method of sowing showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) on almost all the tef characters tested. The shortest mean days to 50% panicle emergence (57.5) of teff were obtained from 120kg of NPS fertilizer. However, applied NPS fertilizer showed no significant difference on tef physiological maturity. The highest grain yield (3.77t ha-1), biomass yield (10.09 t ha-1) and straw yield (6.32 t ha-1) were recorded from combination of 120 kg NPS fertilizer and transplanting method. Blended fertilizer together with transplanting had improved the number of effective tiller and grain yield, biomass yield as well as straw yield. Therefore, 120 kg ha-1of NPS fertilizer and transplanting method can be suggested as one effective way to maximize grain yield of tef. Research Limitation: Further validation and demonstrations across multiple areas would be necessary to make conclusive recommendation since the experiment was conducted for sole season and site. Originality/Value: This study provides insights for farmers and stakeholders to incorporate blended fertilizer for soil fertility amendment and in encouraging of tef transplanting technology for boosting production.
目的:土壤肥力维持是热带非洲的一个主要问题，需要解决土壤肥力枯竭这一基本制约因素。同样，传统的tef种植方式减少了粮食产量，促进了对投入物的竞争，并造成了严重的倒伏。本研究旨在探讨不同播种方式和氮磷肥的施用对tef产量的影响。研究方法:在DebreZeit农业研究中心对RCBD进行了12个处理组合、3个重复的析因试验。第一个因素包括6种氮肥施肥量，第二个因素包括两种播种方式。收集相关资料，采用SAS分析，采用LSD比较均差。结果:施肥量和播种方式的方差分析表明，几乎所有tef性状均存在显著差异(P≤0.05)。120kg氮肥处理的苔麸平均出穗天数最短，为57.5天。施用NPS肥对tef生理成熟度无显著影响。120 kg氮磷肥与移栽方式配施的籽粒产量最高(3.77t ha-1)，生物量产量最高(10.09 t ha-1)，秸秆产量最高(6.32 t ha-1)。混肥配移栽提高了有效分蘖数、籽粒产量、生物量产量和秸秆产量。因此，建议施用120 kg hm -1氮磷肥和移栽方式是提高tef籽粒产量的有效途径之一。研究局限:由于实验是在单一季节和地点进行的，因此需要在多个领域进行进一步的验证和演示才能得出结论性建议。独创性/价值:本研究为农民和利益相关者提供了将混合肥料用于土壤肥力改良和鼓励tef移植技术提高产量的见解。
{"title":"Tef Yield Response to NPS Fertilizer and Methods of Sowing in East Shewa, Ethiopia","authors":"Wakjira Tesfahun","doi":"10.4038/jas.v13i2.8340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/jas.v13i2.8340","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Soil fertility maintenance is a major concern in tropical Africa which needs to tackle soil fertility depletion as fundamental constraints. Similarly, the traditional way of planting tef reduces the amount of grain production, promotes competition for inputs and causes severe lodging. In this view, a study was to investigate the effect of sowing methods and NPS fertilizer application on tef production. Research method: A factorial experiment was laid out in RCBD with12 treatment combination and three replications at DebreZeit Agricultural Research Center. The first factor included six NPS fertilizer rates and the second factor included two methods of sowing. Relevant data were gathered and analyzed using SAS and mean difference were compared using LSD. Findings: The results of the study revealed that the analysis of variance among fertilizer rates and method of sowing showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) on almost all the tef characters tested. The shortest mean days to 50% panicle emergence (57.5) of teff were obtained from 120kg of NPS fertilizer. However, applied NPS fertilizer showed no significant difference on tef physiological maturity. The highest grain yield (3.77t ha-1), biomass yield (10.09 t ha-1) and straw yield (6.32 t ha-1) were recorded from combination of 120 kg NPS fertilizer and transplanting method. Blended fertilizer together with transplanting had improved the number of effective tiller and grain yield, biomass yield as well as straw yield. Therefore, 120 kg ha-1of NPS fertilizer and transplanting method can be suggested as one effective way to maximize grain yield of tef. Research Limitation: Further validation and demonstrations across multiple areas would be necessary to make conclusive recommendation since the experiment was conducted for sole season and site. Originality/Value: This study provides insights for farmers and stakeholders to incorporate blended fertilizer for soil fertility amendment and in encouraging of tef transplanting technology for boosting production.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90811496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Idowu, O. Dada, A. O. Otunaiya, O. A. C. Ologbon
Purpose: Returns on education was found to be worker, scale and allocative effects with positive higher payoff to agricultural productivity but its effects on non-farm employment among agricultural households who obtain income through non-farm activities to complement proceeds of agricultural activities are not yet known. Therefore, this study critically investigates the real cost effect of education on involvement in non-farm employment among rural households in South-western Nigeria. Research Method: The study drew a sample of 411 rural farm households through a multi-stage sampling technique from three states in southwest Nigeria and the data obtained were analyzed using the Mincerian equation, logistic model, inverse of Herfindahl index, calculation of expected annual rural income earning and rates of return to schooling. Findings: Results indicate that mean age and education of the rural household heads were 49.9 years and 8.8 years respectively while the household incomes were diversified up to 2.82 level and the non-farm sources contributed an average of 67% of the total income. Education is found to have considerable returns of N4706.30 (US$31.95) to gross household income and an additional year of schooling from other members of the households returns of N12519.90 (US$85) to the households’ income. Education of the household heads increases the probability of farm households participating in rural non-farm employment but the probability of participation reduces with increased level of education of the household heads. Tertiary education has the highest opportunity costs of schooling (N352200.04) per annum and the lowest rate of return to schooling (0.57%) from rural non-farm employment. Research Limitations: The study revealed the real cost of rural farm households’ educational level on the type of non-farm employment and income generated through it. The study presents information on south-western zone of Nigeria. Originality/Value: The practical value of this research is that decline rates of return to higher education reveal the rural non-farm employment being not the prime incentive for rural farm households’ members in obtaining higher education in rural southwest Nigeria. Therefore, implications are drawn for an integrated approach to higher education which may yield agricultural and non-agricultural transformation in rural Nigeria.
{"title":"Opportunity Cost of Education on Non-Farm Employment in Rural Nigeria","authors":"A. Idowu, O. Dada, A. O. Otunaiya, O. A. C. Ologbon","doi":"10.4038/JAS.V13I2.8341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/JAS.V13I2.8341","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Returns on education was found to be worker, scale and allocative effects with positive higher payoff to agricultural productivity but its effects on non-farm employment among agricultural households who obtain income through non-farm activities to complement proceeds of agricultural activities are not yet known. Therefore, this study critically investigates the real cost effect of education on involvement in non-farm employment among rural households in South-western Nigeria. Research Method: The study drew a sample of 411 rural farm households through a multi-stage sampling technique from three states in southwest Nigeria and the data obtained were analyzed using the Mincerian equation, logistic model, inverse of Herfindahl index, calculation of expected annual rural income earning and rates of return to schooling. Findings: Results indicate that mean age and education of the rural household heads were 49.9 years and 8.8 years respectively while the household incomes were diversified up to 2.82 level and the non-farm sources contributed an average of 67% of the total income. Education is found to have considerable returns of N4706.30 (US$31.95) to gross household income and an additional year of schooling from other members of the households returns of N12519.90 (US$85) to the households’ income. Education of the household heads increases the probability of farm households participating in rural non-farm employment but the probability of participation reduces with increased level of education of the household heads. Tertiary education has the highest opportunity costs of schooling (N352200.04) per annum and the lowest rate of return to schooling (0.57%) from rural non-farm employment. Research Limitations: The study revealed the real cost of rural farm households’ educational level on the type of non-farm employment and income generated through it. The study presents information on south-western zone of Nigeria. Originality/Value: The practical value of this research is that decline rates of return to higher education reveal the rural non-farm employment being not the prime incentive for rural farm households’ members in obtaining higher education in rural southwest Nigeria. Therefore, implications are drawn for an integrated approach to higher education which may yield agricultural and non-agricultural transformation in rural Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72654232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Niewiadomska, G. Skrzypczak, Łukasz Sobiech, A. Wolna-Maruwka, K. Borowiak, Anna Budka
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the active substance of diflufenican and its combination with s-metolachlor or metribuzin, applied to yellow lupine, on the nitrogenase activity, the population size of selected groups of microorganisms, the activity of soil enzymes and their sensitivity to the tested preparations. All analysed preparations caused a reduction in the total number of bacteria and the number of actinobacteria and oligotrophic bacteria at the beginning of the vegetation period of yellow lupine. In the combination where diflufenican was used separately a stimulatory effect on nitrogenase activity was observed. The research revealed very high sensitivity of dehydrogenases and acid phosphatase to the soil contamination caused by application of all the tested herbicides. The dehydrogenases activity values were closely correlated with reduced populations of the groups of microorganisms. Diflufenican applied separately caused a relatively small negative effect on biological soil properties and consequently could have a smaller negative effect on soil environment contamination in comparison to other variants.
{"title":"The Effect of Diflufenican and Its Mixture with S-metolachlor and Metribuzin on Nitrogenase and Microbial Activity of Soil under Yellow Lupine (Lupinus luteus L.)","authors":"A. Niewiadomska, G. Skrzypczak, Łukasz Sobiech, A. Wolna-Maruwka, K. Borowiak, Anna Budka","doi":"10.15832/ANKUTBD.446412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/ANKUTBD.446412","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the active substance of diflufenican and its combination with s-metolachlor or metribuzin, applied to yellow lupine, on the nitrogenase activity, the population size of selected groups of microorganisms, the activity of soil enzymes and their sensitivity to the tested preparations. All analysed preparations caused a reduction in the total number of bacteria and the number of actinobacteria and oligotrophic bacteria at the beginning of the vegetation period of yellow lupine. In the combination where diflufenican was used separately a stimulatory effect on nitrogenase activity was observed. The research revealed very high sensitivity of dehydrogenases and acid phosphatase to the soil contamination caused by application of all the tested herbicides. The dehydrogenases activity values were closely correlated with reduced populations of the groups of microorganisms. Diflufenican applied separately caused a relatively small negative effect on biological soil properties and consequently could have a smaller negative effect on soil environment contamination in comparison to other variants.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83914439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robotics can play a significant role to increase efficiency and lighten the farmer’s load. Despite challenges in the agricultural robotic designs, robots are capable of performing various tasks and changing themselves accordingly, based on specific conditions. To address modern problems in the agricultural field, an agricultural robot is one of the key technologies. Although agricultural robotic is still in the development stage, robots have a bright future ahead. This paper proposes a new 5DOF articulated robotic arm design that would become a solution for heavy crop harvestings like pumpkin and cabbage. After the development stage, this robotic arm will be mounted on a robot tractor for real experimentation. The main design process of this robotic arm was conceived using 6 stages of Shigley design process. All components were designed, assembled and analyzed by using Solidworks 2014 in compliance with Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) standards. The parts of the system that had dynamic nature were analyzed manually using standard mechanical formulas. Calculations of the workspace required joint torque, and coordination of mass center position was done by using standard machine design methods. Denavit-Hartenberg method was used to calculate forward and inverse kinematics. To resolve the torque reduction, components were designed using different materials and mass centers and comparing their performance. Results showed that total torque in Joints number 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 6.15, 257.35, 103.4, 20.2 and 0.1 respectively with a rotational speed range of 15 ~ 60 rpm. Changes in the linkage material and servo motor location improved 29.7% ~ 47.7% and 29.7% ~ 68.9% of the total required torque for each joint. The maximum distance covered by the arm was 1421 mm from the and 2026 mm from the attachment point. According to the feedback received
{"title":"Kinematics Analysis and Simulation of A 5DOF Articulated Robotic Arm Applied to Heavy Products Harvesting","authors":"Ali Roshanianfard, N. Noguchi","doi":"10.15832/ANKUTBD.446396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/ANKUTBD.446396","url":null,"abstract":"Robotics can play a significant role to increase efficiency and lighten the farmer’s load. Despite challenges in the agricultural robotic designs, robots are capable of performing various tasks and changing themselves accordingly, based on specific conditions. To address modern problems in the agricultural field, an agricultural robot is one of the key technologies. Although agricultural robotic is still in the development stage, robots have a bright future ahead. This paper proposes a new 5DOF articulated robotic arm design that would become a solution for heavy crop harvestings like pumpkin and cabbage. After the development stage, this robotic arm will be mounted on a robot tractor for real experimentation. The main design process of this robotic arm was conceived using 6 stages of Shigley design process. All components were designed, assembled and analyzed by using Solidworks 2014 in compliance with Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) standards. The parts of the system that had dynamic nature were analyzed manually using standard mechanical formulas. Calculations of the workspace required joint torque, and coordination of mass center position was done by using standard machine design methods. Denavit-Hartenberg method was used to calculate forward and inverse kinematics. To resolve the torque reduction, components were designed using different materials and mass centers and comparing their performance. Results showed that total torque in Joints number 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 6.15, 257.35, 103.4, 20.2 and 0.1 respectively with a rotational speed range of 15 ~ 60 rpm. Changes in the linkage material and servo motor location improved 29.7% ~ 47.7% and 29.7% ~ 68.9% of the total required torque for each joint. The maximum distance covered by the arm was 1421 mm from the and 2026 mm from the attachment point. According to the feedback received","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90810984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to develop a small-sized and low-cost unit to provide attitude measurements for lightloaded, small-sized and cost effective agricultural robot application. The attitude measurement unit comprised an electronic control unit (ECU) and a gyroscope and an accelerometer within a small-sized and low-cost IMU. In order to avoid the measurement limitations of a single sensor, a self-adaptive complementary filter and a Kalman filter were discussed and compared for sensor fusion. By comparison, in respect of preventing angle drift and maintaining dynamic characteristics, the Kalman filter has the significant advantage, especially in dynamic motion. In the comparison with a highly precise aviation-level fiber optic gyroscope (FOG), the results showed that the static angle drift was restrained by Kalman filter which reached the performance of the FOG. And in the series of farm experiments, the dynamic characteristic of the developed attitude measurement unit is close to the FOG performance in the sub-degree level. This is an acceptable accuracy for light-loaded, small-sized and cost effective agricultural robot application such as agriculture drone, greenhouse robots, harvesting robot arm and so on.
{"title":"Development of a Small-sized and Low-cost Attitude Measurement Unit for Agricultural Robot Application","authors":"Yufei Liu, Noboru Nogichi, K. Ishii","doi":"10.15832/ankutbd.446369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.446369","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to develop a small-sized and low-cost unit to provide attitude measurements for lightloaded, small-sized and cost effective agricultural robot application. The attitude measurement unit comprised an electronic control unit (ECU) and a gyroscope and an accelerometer within a small-sized and low-cost IMU. In order to avoid the measurement limitations of a single sensor, a self-adaptive complementary filter and a Kalman filter were discussed and compared for sensor fusion. By comparison, in respect of preventing angle drift and maintaining dynamic characteristics, the Kalman filter has the significant advantage, especially in dynamic motion. In the comparison with a highly precise aviation-level fiber optic gyroscope (FOG), the results showed that the static angle drift was restrained by Kalman filter which reached the performance of the FOG. And in the series of farm experiments, the dynamic characteristic of the developed attitude measurement unit is close to the FOG performance in the sub-degree level. This is an acceptable accuracy for light-loaded, small-sized and cost effective agricultural robot application such as agriculture drone, greenhouse robots, harvesting robot arm and so on.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88012872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was carried out to determine the effects of different irrigation programs obtained by pan evaporation and water balance methods on some yield and vegetative parameters and water consumption of black cumin in the experiment field located in the center of Cobanlar District in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey during 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. In the experiment, the irrigation treatments were formed with 3 different irrigation intervals (SA3: 3 days, SA5: 5 days, and SA10: 10 days) and 4 different irrigation water levels as 0% (I0: non-irrigated) 50%, 75% (I50, I75: deficit irrigation) and 100% (I100: full irrigation) of the cumulative evaporation amount measured from class A pan in the first year and, of the required water amount to replenish the available soil moisture to the field capacity in the 0.60 m soil depth in the second year. The highest and the lowest evapotranspiration (ET) values were determined as 387.6 mm in SA3-I100 and as 166.9 mm in I0, respectively. The highest seed yield was obtained in SA5-I100 with an amount of 1700.6 kg ha-1 while the lowest seed yield was obtained in I0 with an amount of 722.2 kg ha-1. The highest total water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) values were calculated from SA5-I50 as 5.11 kg ha-1 mm-1 and 4.80 kg ha-1 mm-1, respectively. While the yield response factor values (ky) were obtained as 0.75 (SA3), 0.80 (SA5) and 0.50 (SA10) for different irrigation interval, the mean ky value was determined as 0.68 according to all treatments of both years. Since the values of the yield and vegetative parameters and ET in same irrigation programs formed by two different methods were close to each other, the both methods can be used for irrigation of black cumin.
在土耳其Afyonkarahisar Cobanlar地区中部试验田，研究了2013年和2014年不同灌溉方案对黑孜然部分产量、营养参数和耗水量的影响。在试验中，形成3个不同灌溉间隔(SA3: 3 d、SA5: 5 d和SA10: 10 d)和4个不同灌溉水位(0% (I0:不灌溉)50%、75% (I50、I75:亏灌)和100% (I100: 100%)的灌溉处理。全灌量)为第一年A类锅测量的累积蒸发量，第二年0.60 m土壤深度将有效土壤水分补充到田间容量所需水量。SA3-I100蒸散量最大值为387.6 mm, I0蒸散量最小值为166.9 mm。SA5-I100的种子产量最高，用量为1700.6 kg ha-1; I0的种子产量最低，用量为722.2 kg ha-1。从SA5-I50计算得到的最高水分利用效率(WUE)和灌溉水分利用效率(IWUE)分别为5.11 kg ha-1 mm-1和4.80 kg ha-1 mm-1。不同灌溉间隔的产量响应系数(ky)分别为0.75 (SA3)、0.80 (SA5)和0.50 (SA10)， 2年各处理的平均ky值为0.68。由于两种不同方法形成的相同灌溉方案的产量、营养参数和ET值接近，因此两种方法均可用于黑孜然灌溉。
{"title":"Effects of Irrigation Programs Formed by Different Approaches on the Yield and Water Consumption of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under Transition Zone in the West Anatolia Conditions","authors":"U. Şenyiğit, M. Arslan","doi":"10.15832/ANKUTBD.446366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/ANKUTBD.446366","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to determine the effects of different irrigation programs obtained by pan evaporation and water balance methods on some yield and vegetative parameters and water consumption of black cumin in the experiment field located in the center of Cobanlar District in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey during 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. In the experiment, the irrigation treatments were formed with 3 different irrigation intervals (SA3: 3 days, SA5: 5 days, and SA10: 10 days) and 4 different irrigation water levels as 0% (I0: non-irrigated) 50%, 75% (I50, I75: deficit irrigation) and 100% (I100: full irrigation) of the cumulative evaporation amount measured from class A pan in the first year and, of the required water amount to replenish the available soil moisture to the field capacity in the 0.60 m soil depth in the second year. The highest and the lowest evapotranspiration (ET) values were determined as 387.6 mm in SA3-I100 and as 166.9 mm in I0, respectively. The highest seed yield was obtained in SA5-I100 with an amount of 1700.6 kg ha-1 while the lowest seed yield was obtained in I0 with an amount of 722.2 kg ha-1. The highest total water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) values were calculated from SA5-I50 as 5.11 kg ha-1 mm-1 and 4.80 kg ha-1 mm-1, respectively. While the yield response factor values (ky) were obtained as 0.75 (SA3), 0.80 (SA5) and 0.50 (SA10) for different irrigation interval, the mean ky value was determined as 0.68 according to all treatments of both years. Since the values of the yield and vegetative parameters and ET in same irrigation programs formed by two different methods were close to each other, the both methods can be used for irrigation of black cumin.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73785400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weed control constitutes the most essential issue in cropping systems. The critical periods should especially be determined for each crop. Field experiments were conducted during the seasonal growing periods of sugar beet in 2012 and 2013 in Kayseri, Turkey to assess the critical weed control period (CPWC). A log-logistic model having four parameters was used to assist in monitoring and analyzing two sets of related, relative crop yield. Data was obtained during the periods of increased weed interference and as to compare, during the weed-free periods. In both years, the relative root yield of sugar beet decreased with a longer period of weed-interference and increased where there was a longer weed-free period. In 2012, the CPWC varied between 122-595 GDD (growing degree days) corresponding to 12 to 46 days after crop emergence (DAE). The following year, CPWC were found to be between 82-735 GDD, (8-54 DAE) based on 5% acceptable yield loss. Weed-free conditions are needed to be arranged as early as the first week after crop emergence and maintained up to and including nine weeks thereafter to avoid more than a 5% loss in sugar beet root yield. Those results could assist sugar beet producers through reducing the expenses significantly, as well as improving the efficacy of their weed management programs.
{"title":"Assessment of Weed Competition Critical Period in Sugar Beet","authors":"D. Işık, A. Akca","doi":"10.15832/ankutbd.446394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.446394","url":null,"abstract":"Weed control constitutes the most essential issue in cropping systems. The critical periods should especially be determined for each crop. Field experiments were conducted during the seasonal growing periods of sugar beet in 2012 and 2013 in Kayseri, Turkey to assess the critical weed control period (CPWC). A log-logistic model having four parameters was used to assist in monitoring and analyzing two sets of related, relative crop yield. Data was obtained during the periods of increased weed interference and as to compare, during the weed-free periods. In both years, the relative root yield of sugar beet decreased with a longer period of weed-interference and increased where there was a longer weed-free period. In 2012, the CPWC varied between 122-595 GDD (growing degree days) corresponding to 12 to 46 days after crop emergence (DAE). The following year, CPWC were found to be between 82-735 GDD, (8-54 DAE) based on 5% acceptable yield loss. Weed-free conditions are needed to be arranged as early as the first week after crop emergence and maintained up to and including nine weeks thereafter to avoid more than a 5% loss in sugar beet root yield. Those results could assist sugar beet producers through reducing the expenses significantly, as well as improving the efficacy of their weed management programs.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83420930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ezgi Kurtulmuş, Hayrettin Büyükcangaz, H. Kuşçu, A. Demir
In this study, COPAM (Combined Optimization and Performance Analysis Model) software revealing optimum design possibilities and performance analysis of pressurized irrigation systems, was applied to on-demand pressurized irrigation system in Uludag University Agricultural Application and Research Centre, Bursa, Turkey. The system reliability, hydrant pressure heads, upstream elevation, discharges and pipe diameters related to this irrigation system were analyzed with COPAM software which have a variety of analysis tools. Analysis results showed that there were no deficiencies of performance in the hydrant level of the examined system. Furthermore, pipe diameters of the existing irrigation network were recalculated.
{"title":"The Hydraulic and Economic Performance Analysis of On-Demand Pressurized Irrigation Systems: A Case Study in Turkey","authors":"Ezgi Kurtulmuş, Hayrettin Büyükcangaz, H. Kuşçu, A. Demir","doi":"10.15832/ankutbd.446377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.446377","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, COPAM (Combined Optimization and Performance Analysis Model) software revealing optimum design possibilities and performance analysis of pressurized irrigation systems, was applied to on-demand pressurized irrigation system in Uludag University Agricultural Application and Research Centre, Bursa, Turkey. The system reliability, hydrant pressure heads, upstream elevation, discharges and pipe diameters related to this irrigation system were analyzed with COPAM software which have a variety of analysis tools. Analysis results showed that there were no deficiencies of performance in the hydrant level of the examined system. Furthermore, pipe diameters of the existing irrigation network were recalculated.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74874889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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