E. S. Gebremariam, A. Karakaya, G. Erginbas-Orakci, A. A. Dababat, T. Paulitz
Wheat diseases are one of the constraints limiting wheat yields wherever the crop is grown. Fusarium crown rot, incited by Fusarium culmorum, is one of the most important diseases limiting wheat yields especially in dryland areas. Although there are no wheat varieties which are fully resistant to crown rot, the use of varieties showing some degree of resistance is the most reliable and cost effective method to control this disease. In this study, seedling reactions of 165 spring wheat breeding lines (Triticum aestivum L.) obtained from CIMMYT, Mexico were determined under growth room conditions using an aggressive isolate of Fusarium culmorum. Crown rot severity was assessed using a 1-5 scale. The mean disease severity scores for the lines tested ranged from 1.4 to 4.4. Two out of the 165 lines tested (lines 147 and 158) were resistant (R) in their reaction and had scores of 1.4. Twenty lines showed moderately resistant (MR) reaction and had scores ranging from 1.6 to 2.4. The scores of both the R and MR lines were not significantly different from scores of MR control cultivars. Sixty-three percent of the lines were moderately susceptible (MS). Out of the 165 lines tested, 39 were susceptible (S) in their reaction. The promising wheat lines that showed some degree of resistance to Fusarium culmorum in the present study can serve as useful sources of genetic resistance in breeding for Fusarium crown rot.
{"title":"Assessment of the Seedling Resistance of Spring Wheat Lines to Fusarium culmorum","authors":"E. S. Gebremariam, A. Karakaya, G. Erginbas-Orakci, A. A. Dababat, T. Paulitz","doi":"10.15832/ankutbd.466442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.466442","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat diseases are one of the constraints limiting wheat yields wherever the crop is grown. Fusarium crown rot, incited by Fusarium culmorum, is one of the most important diseases limiting wheat yields especially in dryland areas. Although there are no wheat varieties which are fully resistant to crown rot, the use of varieties showing some degree of resistance is the most reliable and cost effective method to control this disease. In this study, seedling reactions of 165 spring wheat breeding lines (Triticum aestivum L.) obtained from CIMMYT, Mexico were determined under growth room conditions using an aggressive isolate of Fusarium culmorum. Crown rot severity was assessed using a 1-5 scale. The mean disease severity scores for the lines tested ranged from 1.4 to 4.4. Two out of the 165 lines tested (lines 147 and 158) were resistant (R) in their reaction and had scores of 1.4. Twenty lines showed moderately resistant (MR) reaction and had scores ranging from 1.6 to 2.4. The scores of both the R and MR lines were not significantly different from scores of MR control cultivars. Sixty-three percent of the lines were moderately susceptible (MS). Out of the 165 lines tested, 39 were susceptible (S) in their reaction. The promising wheat lines that showed some degree of resistance to Fusarium culmorum in the present study can serve as useful sources of genetic resistance in breeding for Fusarium crown rot.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77950394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Paknejad, Azadeh Razaji, M. Moarefi, A. M. Damghani, M. Ilkaee
Research on the impact of inputs has a long history in the country; however, because of the dispersion and diversity in the results of various experiments, it is difficult to achieve a general conclusion. In this study, a meta-analysis approach has been used to overcome this problem in order to achieve a single result by integrating and re-analyzing the findings of independent experiments. For this purpose, scientific articles published by researchers of the country regarding the effect of salinity stress on cotton yield were investigated. Articles were selected so that, in their meta-analysis of data required to perform there. The data necessary for the implementation of the meta-analysis is present in them. The results of this study showed that from 1996 to 2017; 15 papers and thesis were published on the effects of salinity stress on yield, early maturing and number of bolls in upland cotton (Gossypiumhirsutum L.). With increasing salinity stress, yield and number of bolls decreased. The standardized values for salinity stress effect on cotton yield were significant in all five treatments (control via salinity, control via 2-3 dS m -1 , control via 4-5 dS m -1 , control via 6-7 dS m -1 , control via 8-9 dS m -1 ) compared to control (P<0.001). The standardized values of the effect of salt stress on cotton aging were significant in all five treatments compared to control. The standardized values of the effect of salt stress on cotton aging were significant in all five treatments compared to control. Results showed increasing salinity stress can cause early maturing in cotton. The standardized values for the effect of salinity stress on number of bolls per cotton plant, in the comparison of the total treatments of salinity stress, 2-3 dS m -1 , 6-7 dS m -1 and 8-9 dS m -1 were significant compared tocontrol (P<0.001). In general, the results of this study showedthat salinity stress can reduce yield of cotton by reducing thenumber of bolls and also can cause early maturing on cotton.
对投入影响的研究在国内有着悠久的历史;然而，由于各种实验结果的分散性和多样性，很难得出一个普遍的结论。在本研究中，采用了元分析方法来克服这一问题，以便通过整合和重新分析独立实验的结果来获得单一结果。为此，对我国研究人员发表的关于盐胁迫对棉花产量影响的科学文章进行了调查。文章被选择，以便在他们的数据元分析中需要执行那里。实施荟萃分析所需的数据都在其中。本研究结果表明，从1996年到2017年;发表了15篇关于盐胁迫对陆地棉产量、早熟和铃数影响的论文和论文。随着盐度胁迫的增加，产量和铃数下降。盐胁迫对棉花产量影响的标准化值在5个处理(盐度控制、2-3 dS m -1控制、4-5 dS m -1控制、6-7 dS m -1控制、8-9 dS m -1控制)均显著高于对照(P<0.001)。盐胁迫对棉花老化影响的标准化值在5个处理中均显著高于对照。盐胁迫对棉花老化影响的标准化值在5个处理中均显著高于对照。结果表明，增加盐胁迫可导致棉花早熟。盐胁迫对单株铃数影响的标准化值，在盐胁迫总处理中，2-3个dS m -1、6-7个dS m -1和8-9个dS m -1与对照相比显著(P<0.001)。总体而言，本研究结果表明，盐胁迫可以通过减少铃数来降低棉花产量，并引起棉花早熟。
{"title":"Meta-analysis of the Effects of Salinity Stress on Cotton (Gossypium spp.) Growth and Yield in Iran","authors":"F. Paknejad, Azadeh Razaji, M. Moarefi, A. M. Damghani, M. Ilkaee","doi":"10.15832/ankutbd.489187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.489187","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the impact of inputs has a long history in the country; however, because of the dispersion and diversity in the results of various experiments, it is difficult to achieve a general conclusion. In this study, a meta-analysis approach has been used to overcome this problem in order to achieve a single result by integrating and re-analyzing the findings of independent experiments. For this purpose, scientific articles published by researchers of the country regarding the effect of salinity stress on cotton yield were investigated. Articles were selected so that, in their meta-analysis of data required to perform there. The data necessary for the implementation of the meta-analysis is present in them. The results of this study showed that from 1996 to 2017; 15 papers and thesis were published on the effects of salinity stress on yield, early maturing and number of bolls in upland cotton (Gossypiumhirsutum L.). With increasing salinity stress, yield and number of bolls decreased. The standardized values for salinity stress effect on cotton yield were significant in all five treatments (control via salinity, control via 2-3 dS m -1 , control via 4-5 dS m -1 , control via 6-7 dS m -1 , control via 8-9 dS m -1 ) compared to control (P<0.001). The standardized values of the effect of salt stress on cotton aging were significant in all five treatments compared to control. The standardized values of the effect of salt stress on cotton aging were significant in all five treatments compared to control. Results showed increasing salinity stress can cause early maturing in cotton. The standardized values for the effect of salinity stress on number of bolls per cotton plant, in the comparison of the total treatments of salinity stress, 2-3 dS m -1 , 6-7 dS m -1 and 8-9 dS m -1 were significant compared tocontrol (P<0.001). In general, the results of this study showedthat salinity stress can reduce yield of cotton by reducing thenumber of bolls and also can cause early maturing on cotton.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74249319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Faisal Mehdi, Kazim Ali, Nesheman Huma, I. Hussain, A. Azhar, S. Galani
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L) is a valuable cash crop which plays an imperative role in the worldwide economy. However, high temperature has significantly retarded the crop growth and yield by alteration of biochemical pathways. Therefore, the biochemical activities of two sugarcane varieties were explored under heat stress condition. The sugarcane cultivars S2003-US-633 (high sucrose accumulation) and SPF-238 (low sucrose accumulation) were cultivated and subjected to different temperature regimes i.e. control at 30±2 °C, heat stress at 45±2 °C and recovery at 30±2 °C for 24, 48 and 72 hours at formative stage. Detailed profiling of physiochemical attributes, sugar analysis linked with sucrose metabolism enzymes and thermotolerance indicators were investigated. S2003-US-633 exhibited better response in terms of sugar accumulation regulated by sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase and invertase activities along with more proline accumulation, total soluble protein contents with response to high temperature exposure. While S2003-US-633 is ranked as tolerant variety due to less MDA, H 2 O 2 content and electrolytes leakage exhibiting its efficient tolerance mechanism, giving high sugar recovery rate despite harsh environmental conditions. Thus, these findings can be helpful in providing information for engineering sugar improvement along with thermotolerance in sugarcane varieties and providing new avenues towards the economic development of the country.
{"title":"Comparative Biochemical Analysis of High and Low Sucrose Accumulating Sugarcane Varieties at Formative Stage under Heat Stress","authors":"Faisal Mehdi, Kazim Ali, Nesheman Huma, I. Hussain, A. Azhar, S. Galani","doi":"10.15832/ankutbd.457918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.457918","url":null,"abstract":"Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L) is a valuable cash crop which plays an imperative role in the worldwide economy. However, high temperature has significantly retarded the crop growth and yield by alteration of biochemical pathways. Therefore, the biochemical activities of two sugarcane varieties were explored under heat stress condition. The sugarcane cultivars S2003-US-633 (high sucrose accumulation) and SPF-238 (low sucrose accumulation) were cultivated and subjected to different temperature regimes i.e. control at 30±2 °C, heat stress at 45±2 °C and recovery at 30±2 °C for 24, 48 and 72 hours at formative stage. Detailed profiling of physiochemical attributes, sugar analysis linked with sucrose metabolism enzymes and thermotolerance indicators were investigated. S2003-US-633 exhibited better response in terms of sugar accumulation regulated by sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase and invertase activities along with more proline accumulation, total soluble protein contents with response to high temperature exposure. While S2003-US-633 is ranked as tolerant variety due to less MDA, H 2 O 2 content and electrolytes leakage exhibiting its efficient tolerance mechanism, giving high sugar recovery rate despite harsh environmental conditions. Thus, these findings can be helpful in providing information for engineering sugar improvement along with thermotolerance in sugarcane varieties and providing new avenues towards the economic development of the country.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90731480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this research was to determine soil quality by taking into consideration the integrated Soil Quality Index (SQIw) model on tea plantations located in Ortacay Micro Catchment of Rize. In the SQIw model, soil indicators were weighted by means of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Various indicator units were normalized by a Standard Scoring Function. A total of 22 soil quality indicators were included in the SQIw model by grouping into 4 criteria which are; i-soil physical properties, ii- soil chemical properties, iii-macronutrient elements, iv- micronutrient elements. Twenty eight soil samples were collected from tea cultivated gardens including dominantly Leptosol and Alisol-Acrisol great soil groups based on FAO/WRB classification. The results indicated that 25% of the soil samples studied had weak quality level, whereas 75% were in moderate SQIw class in terms of tea requirements of the soil quality.
{"title":"Assessment of Soil Quality Index for Tea Cultivated Soils in Ortaçay Micro Catchment in Black Sea Region","authors":"O. Dengiz, S. İç, F. Saygin, A. İmamoglu","doi":"10.15832/ankutbd.468900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.468900","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to determine soil quality by taking into consideration the integrated Soil Quality Index (SQIw) model on tea plantations located in Ortacay Micro Catchment of Rize. In the SQIw model, soil indicators were weighted by means of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Various indicator units were normalized by a Standard Scoring Function. A total of 22 soil quality indicators were included in the SQIw model by grouping into 4 criteria which are; i-soil physical properties, ii- soil chemical properties, iii-macronutrient elements, iv- micronutrient elements. Twenty eight soil samples were collected from tea cultivated gardens including dominantly Leptosol and Alisol-Acrisol great soil groups based on FAO/WRB classification. The results indicated that 25% of the soil samples studied had weak quality level, whereas 75% were in moderate SQIw class in terms of tea requirements of the soil quality.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78737759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kekeçoğlu, Nazife Eroglu, Merve Kambur, Müni̇r Uçak
Propolis collecting capacity of the honey bee race, Apis mellifera L., distributed across Anatolia and Thrace regions of Turkey was investigated and correlated with morphometric characteristics. Thus, the propolis collecting behaviour of honey bee races and ecotypes naturally have been in Turkey, Apis mellifera caucasica, Apis mellifera carnica, Apis mellifera syriaca and Yigilca and Mugla ecotype of Apis mellifera anatoliaca were monitored. The mean yield of annual propolis was recorded as the following; Yigilca ecotype (111.6±27.5 g colony) A. m. caucasica (104±20.7 g colony), Mugla ecotype (103±34 g colony), A. m. carnica (91.16±17.6 g colony), and A. m. syriaca (74±6.4 g colony) in descending order. The highest propolis collecting activity was recorded for the Yigilca ecotype of A. m. anatoliaca and A. m. caucasica. Morphological features of honey bee samples were evaluated by classic morphometric technique to correlate propolis collecting capability and morphological features. Morphometric results of the present study showed that the largest wing and leg lengths belonged to Yigilca ecotype of A. m. anatoliaca and A. m. caucasica. Furthermore, Pearson correlation showed a significant relationship between some morphometric characteristics including the proboscis and mandibular sections, wing length (WL), wing width (WW), femur length (FL), tibia length (TL), basitarsus length (BL), basitarsus width (BW), and propolis collecting capability (P<0.05). Therefore, it seems that the enlargement of certain morphological properties with genetic tendency of the honey bee races and ecotypes, primarily the legs and wings, can lead to better propolis collecting capability.
{"title":"The Relationships Between Propolis Collecting Capability and Morphometric Features of Some Honey Bee Races and Ecotypes in Anatolia","authors":"M. Kekeçoğlu, Nazife Eroglu, Merve Kambur, Müni̇r Uçak","doi":"10.15832/ankutbd.447319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.447319","url":null,"abstract":"Propolis collecting capacity of the honey bee race, Apis mellifera L., distributed across Anatolia and Thrace regions of Turkey was investigated and correlated with morphometric characteristics. Thus, the propolis collecting behaviour of honey bee races and ecotypes naturally have been in Turkey, Apis mellifera caucasica, Apis mellifera carnica, Apis mellifera syriaca and Yigilca and Mugla ecotype of Apis mellifera anatoliaca were monitored. The mean yield of annual propolis was recorded as the following; Yigilca ecotype (111.6±27.5 g colony) A. m. caucasica (104±20.7 g colony), Mugla ecotype (103±34 g colony), A. m. carnica (91.16±17.6 g colony), and A. m. syriaca (74±6.4 g colony) in descending order. The highest propolis collecting activity was recorded for the Yigilca ecotype of A. m. anatoliaca and A. m. caucasica. Morphological features of honey bee samples were evaluated by classic morphometric technique to correlate propolis collecting capability and morphological features. Morphometric results of the present study showed that the largest wing and leg lengths belonged to Yigilca ecotype of A. m. anatoliaca and A. m. caucasica. Furthermore, Pearson correlation showed a significant relationship between some morphometric characteristics including the proboscis and mandibular sections, wing length (WL), wing width (WW), femur length (FL), tibia length (TL), basitarsus length (BL), basitarsus width (BW), and propolis collecting capability (P<0.05). Therefore, it seems that the enlargement of certain morphological properties with genetic tendency of the honey bee races and ecotypes, primarily the legs and wings, can lead to better propolis collecting capability.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87295306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. U. Turhan, Z. Erginkaya, Alin Bayram Türemiş, Mevhibe Terkuran
In this study, antimicrobial activity of partially purified enterocins and crude bacteriocins from Enterococcus isolates with different sources was investigated against Listeria monocytogenes by disk diffusion assay. Totally 70% of enterococcal isolates (Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from food and clinical sources) were found as potential bacteriocinogenic strains. Both of food and clinical enterococcal isolates also exhibited antimicrobial properties against L. monocytogenes. Additionally, the present study detected that inhibitory activity was strain-specific. Both crude bacteriocins and partially purified enterocins from E. faecium isolates showed lower antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes than E.faecalis isolates. The inhibition diameters obtained withcrude enterocins and partially purified enterocins were respectively ranging from 12.33 mm to 13.25 mm and from 8.66 mm to 9.25 mm. Crude bacteriocins retained antibacterial activity after heat treatment except 120 o C and also remained functional at pH values between 3 and 11. Asa result, it was considered that enterocins could be benefit in heated and acidic or basic food products as biopreservative.
{"title":"Antibacterial Effect of Bacteriocinogenic Enterococci from Different Sources on Listeria monocytogenes","authors":"E. U. Turhan, Z. Erginkaya, Alin Bayram Türemiş, Mevhibe Terkuran","doi":"10.15832/ankutbd.448475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.448475","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, antimicrobial activity of partially purified enterocins and crude bacteriocins from Enterococcus isolates with different sources was investigated against Listeria monocytogenes by disk diffusion assay. Totally 70% of enterococcal isolates (Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from food and clinical sources) were found as potential bacteriocinogenic strains. Both of food and clinical enterococcal isolates also exhibited antimicrobial properties against L. monocytogenes. Additionally, the present study detected that inhibitory activity was strain-specific. Both crude bacteriocins and partially purified enterocins from E. faecium isolates showed lower antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes than E.faecalis isolates. The inhibition diameters obtained withcrude enterocins and partially purified enterocins were respectively ranging from 12.33 mm to 13.25 mm and from 8.66 mm to 9.25 mm. Crude bacteriocins retained antibacterial activity after heat treatment except 120 o C and also remained functional at pH values between 3 and 11. Asa result, it was considered that enterocins could be benefit in heated and acidic or basic food products as biopreservative.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78117546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-08DOI: 10.31901/24566535.2018/09.1-2.121
A. Batcho
{"title":"Evaluation of the Agronomic Characteristics of 16 Varieties of Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas) Grown in the Agro-ecological Conditions of Southern Benin","authors":"A. Batcho","doi":"10.31901/24566535.2018/09.1-2.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566535.2018/09.1-2.121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79013193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drying is widely used to prevent microbial spoilage by evaporating the determined amount of liquid in the food sample. In order to reduce energy consumption and increase food flavor quality, modeling the drying process is crucial. In the literature, different approaches are used for investigation of drying characteristic. Among these approaches, the porous media approach have complex phenomena. Molecular diffusion for gases (water vapor and air), capillary diffusion for liquid (water), and convection mechanisms (Darcy flow) were used in drying model in porous media. In this study, firstly, the effect of shrinkage on drying of porous media was investigated. Non-linear partial differential equations for air and food material in the drying problem were solved numerically for non-steady state condition. The shrinkage effect in the drying process was studied by using the ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) method. In this study, air velocities of 0.5, 0.8 and 1 m s-1, air temperatures of 40, 50 and 60 °C and the geometric forms of rectangular, cylindrical and square were selected for hot air drying process. The fastest drying was obtained at square shape food at the air temperature of 60 °C and the air velocity of 0.5 m s-1. The analysis result showed that the air velocity and temperature have effect on the drying.
干燥被广泛用于通过蒸发食品样品中确定量的液体来防止微生物变质。为了减少能源消耗和提高食品风味质量，对干燥过程进行建模是至关重要的。在文献中，不同的方法被用于研究干燥特性。在这些方法中，多孔介质方法具有复杂的现象。多孔介质干燥模型采用了气体(水蒸气和空气)的分子扩散、液体(水)的毛细扩散和对流机制(达西流)。本文首先研究了收缩对多孔介质干燥的影响。在非稳态条件下，对空气和食品物料干燥问题中的非线性偏微分方程进行了数值求解。采用ALE(任意拉格朗日-欧拉)方法研究了干燥过程中的收缩效应。在本研究中，热风干燥过程的风速为0.5、0.8和1 m s-1，空气温度为40、50和60℃，几何形状为矩形、圆柱形和方形。当空气温度为60℃，风速为0.5 m s-1时，方形食品的干燥速度最快。分析结果表明，风速和温度对干燥有一定的影响。
{"title":"Numerical Investigation of Multiphase Transport Model for Hot-Air Drying of Food","authors":"Burak Türkan, A. S. Canbolat, A. B. Etemoglu","doi":"10.15832/ankutbd.441925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.441925","url":null,"abstract":"Drying is widely used to prevent microbial spoilage by evaporating the determined amount of liquid in the food sample. In order to reduce energy consumption and increase food flavor quality, modeling the drying process is crucial. In the literature, different approaches are used for investigation of drying characteristic. Among these approaches, the porous media approach have complex phenomena. Molecular diffusion for gases (water vapor and air), capillary diffusion for liquid (water), and convection mechanisms (Darcy flow) were used in drying model in porous media. In this study, firstly, the effect of shrinkage on drying of porous media was investigated. Non-linear partial differential equations for air and food material in the drying problem were solved numerically for non-steady state condition. The shrinkage effect in the drying process was studied by using the ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) method. In this study, air velocities of 0.5, 0.8 and 1 m s-1, air temperatures of 40, 50 and 60 °C and the geometric forms of rectangular, cylindrical and square were selected for hot air drying process. The fastest drying was obtained at square shape food at the air temperature of 60 °C and the air velocity of 0.5 m s-1. The analysis result showed that the air velocity and temperature have effect on the drying.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76362431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Stanisavljević, J. Knežević, D. Tomić, D. Jovanović, N. Tmušić, R. Štrbanović, D. Poštić
During two years, germinability and initial growth of seedling of nine foreign varieties and four domestic varieties were studied. The seed is grouped by size (small, medium and large), color (dark transitional and light color of seed coat). Then it was preserved and at three and fifteen months of age in the laboratory and in the field, germinability, dormant seed and growth of shoot and radicle root were examined. In addition to the age, other factors (variety, size, color, period of storage) influenced significantly (P≥0.05 to P≥0.00) on seed germinability and growth of seedling. Higher germinability is achieved from large seeds up to 3.6%. Depending on the seed coat color, the germinability varied to 11%. The seed coat color has had a high impact on maintaining germinability for fifteen months. Seeds with darker coat have also shown higher potential for storage and use in subsequent seeding periods, as determined by the application of the aging test on seed. Significant interdependence (r) was obtained between the germinability test and the growth of seedling in laboratory conditions and in field conditions. Between the germinability and the growth of the shoot and the root, a significant interdependence was established, depending on the varieties (P≥0.05 to P≥0.00).
{"title":"Seed Quality of Oilseed Rape Varieties with Different Size and Colors After Three and Fifteen Months Storage","authors":"R. Stanisavljević, J. Knežević, D. Tomić, D. Jovanović, N. Tmušić, R. Štrbanović, D. Poštić","doi":"10.15832/ankutbd.442650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.442650","url":null,"abstract":"During two years, germinability and initial growth of seedling of nine foreign varieties and four domestic varieties were studied. The seed is grouped by size (small, medium and large), color (dark transitional and light color of seed coat). Then it was preserved and at three and fifteen months of age in the laboratory and in the field, germinability, dormant seed and growth of shoot and radicle root were examined. In addition to the age, other factors (variety, size, color, period of storage) influenced significantly (P≥0.05 to P≥0.00) on seed germinability and growth of seedling. Higher germinability is achieved from large seeds up to 3.6%. Depending on the seed coat color, the germinability varied to 11%. The seed coat color has had a high impact on maintaining germinability for fifteen months. Seeds with darker coat have also shown higher potential for storage and use in subsequent seeding periods, as determined by the application of the aging test on seed. Significant interdependence (r) was obtained between the germinability test and the growth of seedling in laboratory conditions and in field conditions. Between the germinability and the growth of the shoot and the root, a significant interdependence was established, depending on the varieties (P≥0.05 to P≥0.00).","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82657039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nematode resistance and tolerance reactions of 28 onion cultivars grown commercially in Turkey to stem and bulb nematode were studied at 20 °C, 70% RH and 16:8 h L:D photoperiod in growth chamber with 10 replications and at 27±4 °C and 16:8 h L:D photoperiod in greenhouse with 3 replications, respectively. Ditylenchus dipsaci multiplied in all cultivars tested. The lowest multiplication was determined in cv. Valenciana from Ataturk Horticultural Central Research Institute with 91 nematodes/pot and a multiplication rate of 0.5. Plant height of cultivars were significantly different in the first tolerance experiment with having an average plant hight of 33.5 and 103.1 mm for inoculated and inoculated plants, respectively (P<0.05). Onion shoot diameter was statistically greater in nematode inoculated plants with 7.4 mm than inoculated plants with 6.0 mm in second tolerance experiment (P<0.05). Plant weight was not found different in both tolerance experiments with nematode inoculation. There was not any statistically difference among cultivars for plant height, plant diameter, plant weight and nematode multiplication in the experiments. Plant diameter for cv. Betapanko in first tolerance experiment and plant height for the Banko type onion in the second tolerance experiment sustained significant negative correlations with nematode numbers. Plant weight for cv. Biotek Boran in second experiment, plant height for cv. Taraz in second experiment and, plant diameter and plant weight for cv. Taraz in first tolerance experiment sustained significant positive correlations with nematode multiplication. It could be recommended that Valenciana could lower nematode multiplication and Biotek Boran and Taraz could maintain a better plant development in nematode infested onion growing areas.
在20°C、70% RH和16:8 h L:D光周期条件下，分别在10个重复的生长室内和27±4°C和16:8 h L:D光周期条件下，研究了土耳其28个商品洋葱品种对茎线虫和鳞茎线虫的抗性和耐受性反应。在所有被试品种中繁殖。在cv中确定了最小乘法。来自阿塔图尔克园艺中心研究所的Valenciana, 91只线虫/盆，繁殖率为0.5。在第一次耐受试验中，各品种株高差异显著，接种株和接种株的平均株高分别为33.5 mm和103.1 mm (P<0.05)。第二次耐受性试验中，接种线虫7.4 mm植株洋葱茎粗显著大于接种线虫6.0 mm植株(P<0.05)。两种耐受性试验均未发现株重差异。在株高、株径、株重和线虫繁殖方面，各品种间差异无统计学意义。株径为cv。第一次耐受性试验的Betapanko和第二次耐受性试验的Banko型洋葱株高与线虫数量呈极显著负相关。cv株重。百然生物在第二次试验中，株高为cv。第2次试验中，株径和株重与对照比较。在第一次耐受性试验中，Taraz与线虫繁殖呈显著正相关。在线虫感染的洋葱种植区，瓦伦西亚娜可以降低线虫的繁殖，百乐康和塔拉兹可以保持较好的植株发育。
{"title":"Resistance and Tolerance of Commercial Onion Cultivars to Stem and Bulb Nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci","authors":"E. Yavuzaslanoğlu","doi":"10.15832/ankutbd.440179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.440179","url":null,"abstract":"Nematode resistance and tolerance reactions of 28 onion cultivars grown commercially in Turkey to stem and bulb nematode were studied at 20 °C, 70% RH and 16:8 h L:D photoperiod in growth chamber with 10 replications and at 27±4 °C and 16:8 h L:D photoperiod in greenhouse with 3 replications, respectively. Ditylenchus dipsaci multiplied in all cultivars tested. The lowest multiplication was determined in cv. Valenciana from Ataturk Horticultural Central Research Institute with 91 nematodes/pot and a multiplication rate of 0.5. Plant height of cultivars were significantly different in the first tolerance experiment with having an average plant hight of 33.5 and 103.1 mm for inoculated and inoculated plants, respectively (P<0.05). Onion shoot diameter was statistically greater in nematode inoculated plants with 7.4 mm than inoculated plants with 6.0 mm in second tolerance experiment (P<0.05). Plant weight was not found different in both tolerance experiments with nematode inoculation. There was not any statistically difference among cultivars for plant height, plant diameter, plant weight and nematode multiplication in the experiments. Plant diameter for cv. Betapanko in first tolerance experiment and plant height for the Banko type onion in the second tolerance experiment sustained significant negative correlations with nematode numbers. Plant weight for cv. Biotek Boran in second experiment, plant height for cv. Taraz in second experiment and, plant diameter and plant weight for cv. Taraz in first tolerance experiment sustained significant positive correlations with nematode multiplication. It could be recommended that Valenciana could lower nematode multiplication and Biotek Boran and Taraz could maintain a better plant development in nematode infested onion growing areas.","PeriodicalId":41577,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86574992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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