Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5057/ijae.ijae-d-21-00008
Takashi Muramatsu, Y. Washizawa, C. B. Becker, K. Hiyoshi
Touching is a medical action wherein a practitioner touches a patient’s body. Touching has positive physical and mental effects, and is an important technique for nursing. This study examines the effect of touching on patient frustration. To induce frustration, we adopted a mouse pointer-moving game and a calculation task: the game required moving a mouse pointer from the start to the goal without touching walls or obstacles. We asked the participants’ acquaintance to gently touch their backs during the intervention trials. For evaluation, we used power spectral density (PSD) and electroencephalogram (EEG) event-related potential (ERP), and participants’ self-evaluation scores. Theta, alpha, and beta band PSDs increased in frustrating tasks compared to the resting state, however, PSD increments of touching intervention tasks were less than that of control tasks. These results confirm that an acquaintance’s touching can reduce frustration in difficult tasks, and concomitantly reduce unpleasant emotions.
{"title":"EEG Evaluation of the Effects of Touching Intervention on Frustrating Tasks","authors":"Takashi Muramatsu, Y. Washizawa, C. B. Becker, K. Hiyoshi","doi":"10.5057/ijae.ijae-d-21-00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5057/ijae.ijae-d-21-00008","url":null,"abstract":"Touching is a medical action wherein a practitioner touches a patient’s body. Touching has positive physical and mental effects, and is an important technique for nursing. This study examines the effect of touching on patient frustration. To induce frustration, we adopted a mouse pointer-moving game and a calculation task: the game required moving a mouse pointer from the start to the goal without touching walls or obstacles. We asked the participants’ acquaintance to gently touch their backs during the intervention trials. For evaluation, we used power spectral density (PSD) and electroencephalogram (EEG) event-related potential (ERP), and participants’ self-evaluation scores. Theta, alpha, and beta band PSDs increased in frustrating tasks compared to the resting state, however, PSD increments of touching intervention tasks were less than that of control tasks. These results confirm that an acquaintance’s touching can reduce frustration in difficult tasks, and concomitantly reduce unpleasant emotions.","PeriodicalId":41579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Affective Engineering","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70685370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5057/ijae.ijae-d-21-00026
A. Ishikawa, T. Kusumi
: The indoor illumination levels affect emotional states, interpersonal impressions, and psychological distance between the self and others. In this study, we conducted experiment on the effect of the brightness of the room on face-to-face communication between participants as interviewee and the interviewer. Conducting a two-factor mixed analysis of variance on “illumination levels × pre- and post-evaluation,” we observed that in dim conditions, the interpersonal distance between the participants and interviewer became significantly closer. The psychological distance to the interviewer was evaluated to be closer in the dim condition. In terms of the degree of satisfaction with the conversation, in the dim condition, the evaluation of two items—“conversation was friendly” and “conversation was valuable”—increased. These results indicate that the dim condition, such as the lowest allowable level of illuminance according to illumination design guidelines, may have a positive effect on the first face-to-face communication.
{"title":"How do the Indoor Illumination Levels Affect Social and Cognitive Behaviors?","authors":"A. Ishikawa, T. Kusumi","doi":"10.5057/ijae.ijae-d-21-00026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5057/ijae.ijae-d-21-00026","url":null,"abstract":": The indoor illumination levels affect emotional states, interpersonal impressions, and psychological distance between the self and others. In this study, we conducted experiment on the effect of the brightness of the room on face-to-face communication between participants as interviewee and the interviewer. Conducting a two-factor mixed analysis of variance on “illumination levels × pre- and post-evaluation,” we observed that in dim conditions, the interpersonal distance between the participants and interviewer became significantly closer. The psychological distance to the interviewer was evaluated to be closer in the dim condition. In terms of the degree of satisfaction with the conversation, in the dim condition, the evaluation of two items—“conversation was friendly” and “conversation was valuable”—increased. These results indicate that the dim condition, such as the lowest allowable level of illuminance according to illumination design guidelines, may have a positive effect on the first face-to-face communication.","PeriodicalId":41579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Affective Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70686835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-21DOI: 10.5057/ijae.tjske-d-20-00077
Miho Kitamura, Katsumi Watanabe
: This study investigated the role of secondhand information for impression formation in spoken communication, using a voice transfer system. In Experiment 1, listeners were presented with spoken sentences that represented someone’s behavior in either a positive or negative prosody, which is a clue for forming impressions. Listeners rated each social impression of a person who took on a specific behavior. The results showed that the formed impressions were weaker when the affective characteristics of voices were inconsistent with those of behavioral descriptions. Experiment 2 tested the effects of sentence meanings on forming impressions of speakers’ voices using the same sound files. Results revealed that social impressions of speakers’ voices were also modulated by sentence meaning, even though the sentence was not related to the speaker. This study underscores the role of secondhand information in social impression and advances the understanding of the interaction between prosody and meanings in spoken communication.
{"title":"Effects of Secondhand Information on Impression Formation in Spoken Communication","authors":"Miho Kitamura, Katsumi Watanabe","doi":"10.5057/ijae.tjske-d-20-00077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5057/ijae.tjske-d-20-00077","url":null,"abstract":": This study investigated the role of secondhand information for impression formation in spoken communication, using a voice transfer system. In Experiment 1, listeners were presented with spoken sentences that represented someone’s behavior in either a positive or negative prosody, which is a clue for forming impressions. Listeners rated each social impression of a person who took on a specific behavior. The results showed that the formed impressions were weaker when the affective characteristics of voices were inconsistent with those of behavioral descriptions. Experiment 2 tested the effects of sentence meanings on forming impressions of speakers’ voices using the same sound files. Results revealed that social impressions of speakers’ voices were also modulated by sentence meaning, even though the sentence was not related to the speaker. This study underscores the role of secondhand information in social impression and advances the understanding of the interaction between prosody and meanings in spoken communication.","PeriodicalId":41579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Affective Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46114519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00039
Ryoichi Tamura, Hsi-Jen Chen
: In this study, we targeted healthy elderly individuals living with family in urban areas in Japan and Taiwan and considered the structure of their attitude towards life by conducting a survey and analysis of “satisfaction with daily life” and three aspects of attitude towards life that could affect satisfaction, namely, “enjoyment in daily life,” “anxiety in daily life,” and “ikigai in daily life.” The results revealed that “enjoyment of daily life” had a large positive effect and “anxiety in daily life” had a negative effect on the prediction of “satisfaction with daily life.” From the results of a factor analysis of what affects the consciousness of these two aspects of daily life, we were able to derive guidelines for considering service design. In addition, the characteristics and issues of each attribute could be clarified from the relationship between the attributes and the extracted clusters.
{"title":"Structure of Attitude towards Life of Healthy Elderly People Living in Urban Areas in Japan and Taiwan","authors":"Ryoichi Tamura, Hsi-Jen Chen","doi":"10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00039","url":null,"abstract":": In this study, we targeted healthy elderly individuals living with family in urban areas in Japan and Taiwan and considered the structure of their attitude towards life by conducting a survey and analysis of “satisfaction with daily life” and three aspects of attitude towards life that could affect satisfaction, namely, “enjoyment in daily life,” “anxiety in daily life,” and “ikigai in daily life.” The results revealed that “enjoyment of daily life” had a large positive effect and “anxiety in daily life” had a negative effect on the prediction of “satisfaction with daily life.” From the results of a factor analysis of what affects the consciousness of these two aspects of daily life, we were able to derive guidelines for considering service design. In addition, the characteristics and issues of each attribute could be clarified from the relationship between the attributes and the extracted clusters.","PeriodicalId":41579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Affective Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70693639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5057/ijae.ijae-d-20-00038
P. Kong, Pei Yi. Lim, H. Cornet, F. Frenkler
: The design of human-machine interfaces is crucial to support the transition to autonomous mobility, particularly in the context of shared experiences on public transport. We evaluated contrasting concepts developed in a previous study, a non-biomimetic Virtual Companion and an anthropomorphic Robot Companion representing must-have and ideal-to-have functions, in three future mobility scenarios in a mixed methods study (N = 62) using a slideshow-based narrative stimulus. Subject background data was collected to determine the influence of personality, comfort with technology and other demographics on emotional response and preferences. Results showed that subject background such as extraversion, neuroticism, gender, and comfort with technology significantly influenced user perceptions and emotional responses to the presented Companion concepts. Findings impact the design of interfaces for future mobility and other automated domains. Future work could investigate specific design characteristics to attribute emotions more precisely and determine how the design of human-machine interaction differs from human-human interaction.
{"title":"User Emotion and Perception of Virtual and Robot Companion Concepts for Shared Autonomous Mobility in Singapore","authors":"P. Kong, Pei Yi. Lim, H. Cornet, F. Frenkler","doi":"10.5057/ijae.ijae-d-20-00038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5057/ijae.ijae-d-20-00038","url":null,"abstract":": The design of human-machine interfaces is crucial to support the transition to autonomous mobility, particularly in the context of shared experiences on public transport. We evaluated contrasting concepts developed in a previous study, a non-biomimetic Virtual Companion and an anthropomorphic Robot Companion representing must-have and ideal-to-have functions, in three future mobility scenarios in a mixed methods study (N = 62) using a slideshow-based narrative stimulus. Subject background data was collected to determine the influence of personality, comfort with technology and other demographics on emotional response and preferences. Results showed that subject background such as extraversion, neuroticism, gender, and comfort with technology significantly influenced user perceptions and emotional responses to the presented Companion concepts. Findings impact the design of interfaces for future mobility and other automated domains. Future work could investigate specific design characteristics to attribute emotions more precisely and determine how the design of human-machine interaction differs from human-human interaction.","PeriodicalId":41579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Affective Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70694019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00002
Tetsuo Tsuru, M. Sugahara, H. Nishimura
: The silhouette is an important element of fashion design. The designer’s sensibility is expressed by the design changes in silhouette lines. The purpose of this research is to construct a silhouette classification criterion and renew the silhouette category, The analyzed images that capture the silhouette transformations were selected from recent designer’s collections of luxury brands: Dior, a traditional luxury brand; Sacai, a new Japanese brand; and Doris Van Noten, one of the Antwerp Six. 11 measurement points used for the catwalk analysis were based on the reference points measured during the production of the clothes. The analysis utilized a combination of cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling. As the results, nine silhouette categories were obtained and the trend change was grasped visually by systematizing and classifying silhouettes that are important in predicting the future of fashion design. Moreover, this method could be applicable to automatic silhouette classification for unknown silhouettes.
轮廓是时装设计的一个重要元素。设计师的感性体现在廓形线条的设计变化上。本研究的目的是构建一个轮廓分类标准并更新轮廓类别，所分析的图像捕捉了轮廓的变化，这些图像选自近年来设计师的奢侈品牌系列:传统奢侈品牌Dior;日本新品牌Sacai;桃瑞丝·范·诺滕(Doris Van Noten)是t台分析中使用的安特卫普6.11测量点之一，该测量点基于服装生产过程中测量的参考点。该分析结合了聚类分析和多维缩放。通过对未来服装设计中具有重要意义的廓形进行系统化分类，得到了9个廓形类别，直观地把握了趋势变化。此外，该方法还可用于未知轮廓的自动轮廓分类。
{"title":"Silhouette Classification of Designer’s Collections in Luxury Fashion Brands","authors":"Tetsuo Tsuru, M. Sugahara, H. Nishimura","doi":"10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5057/IJAE.IJAE-D-20-00002","url":null,"abstract":": The silhouette is an important element of fashion design. The designer’s sensibility is expressed by the design changes in silhouette lines. The purpose of this research is to construct a silhouette classification criterion and renew the silhouette category, The analyzed images that capture the silhouette transformations were selected from recent designer’s collections of luxury brands: Dior, a traditional luxury brand; Sacai, a new Japanese brand; and Doris Van Noten, one of the Antwerp Six. 11 measurement points used for the catwalk analysis were based on the reference points measured during the production of the clothes. The analysis utilized a combination of cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling. As the results, nine silhouette categories were obtained and the trend change was grasped visually by systematizing and classifying silhouettes that are important in predicting the future of fashion design. Moreover, this method could be applicable to automatic silhouette classification for unknown silhouettes.","PeriodicalId":41579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Affective Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70684362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5057/ijae.ijae-d-20-00018
Qianru Qiu, Shu Watanabe, Kengo Omura
: Chinese characters developed for the writing of Chinese and have adapted for a number of Asian languages. Basically, the simplified forms of Chinese characters are used in mainland China, Singapore, and Malaysia. The corresponding traditional characters are used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau. They also remain a key component of Japanese known as kanji. In this study, we arrange the information about the development of Chinese characters and the evolution of typical typefaces in Chinese and Japanese. To explore the relationships between emotions and Chinese characters, 20 simplified types and 20 traditional types of Chinese were extracted and the kansei evaluation experiment was conducted for the people in mainland China and Taiwan. Besides, we collected the emotional evaluation data of Japanese typefaces to explore the emotional difference between Chinese and Japanese. Particularly, it is found that for the widely used types Heiti, Songti, and Kaiti, the people in mainland China and Taiwan have opposite feelings of classic and contemporary. The emotional response for these types is generally consistent between the people in Taiwan and the people in Japan.
{"title":"Emotional Responses to Chinese Characters: Exploration for Simplified, Traditional Chinese and Japanese Typefaces","authors":"Qianru Qiu, Shu Watanabe, Kengo Omura","doi":"10.5057/ijae.ijae-d-20-00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5057/ijae.ijae-d-20-00018","url":null,"abstract":": Chinese characters developed for the writing of Chinese and have adapted for a number of Asian languages. Basically, the simplified forms of Chinese characters are used in mainland China, Singapore, and Malaysia. The corresponding traditional characters are used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau. They also remain a key component of Japanese known as kanji. In this study, we arrange the information about the development of Chinese characters and the evolution of typical typefaces in Chinese and Japanese. To explore the relationships between emotions and Chinese characters, 20 simplified types and 20 traditional types of Chinese were extracted and the kansei evaluation experiment was conducted for the people in mainland China and Taiwan. Besides, we collected the emotional evaluation data of Japanese typefaces to explore the emotional difference between Chinese and Japanese. Particularly, it is found that for the widely used types Heiti, Songti, and Kaiti, the people in mainland China and Taiwan have opposite feelings of classic and contemporary. The emotional response for these types is generally consistent between the people in Taiwan and the people in Japan.","PeriodicalId":41579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Affective Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70685036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.5057/ijae.ijae-d-20-00032
Ongon Witthayathada, K. Nishio
: This current research presents the elements of expressing a sense of being alive of the artifacts based on the results of three experiments. In recent years, robots and AI have become necessary products in the world, and there are the considerations of designing artifacts to express a sense of being alive by making them similar to humans. However, the received data about making the artifacts have sense of being alive are only related to the abstract concepts, which are difficult to apply. Therefore, this study aims to determine the factors of the expression of a sense of being alive of the artifacts by performing comparisons between the expressing of a sense of being alive and the mechanical expression of the artifacts. Then, three experiment phases were conducted, which were a study on artificial expression via flashing lights, sounds, and changing forms. A set of questionnaires were distributed to the participants. The participants’ points of view were examined by employing multivariate analysis methods. The transition of the artificial expression in this research was turned into the figure of waveforms. Finally, four factors were selected as having the highest effect with expressing a sense of being alive from the human judgments, which were 1) the waveform with some fluctuations, 2) smooth waveforms, 3) an unexpected waveform, and 4) the waveform with unstable periods. This study’s results may further be applied to new products to allow them to express a sense of being alive.
{"title":"A Study on the Expression of “A sense of being alive”","authors":"Ongon Witthayathada, K. Nishio","doi":"10.5057/ijae.ijae-d-20-00032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5057/ijae.ijae-d-20-00032","url":null,"abstract":": This current research presents the elements of expressing a sense of being alive of the artifacts based on the results of three experiments. In recent years, robots and AI have become necessary products in the world, and there are the considerations of designing artifacts to express a sense of being alive by making them similar to humans. However, the received data about making the artifacts have sense of being alive are only related to the abstract concepts, which are difficult to apply. Therefore, this study aims to determine the factors of the expression of a sense of being alive of the artifacts by performing comparisons between the expressing of a sense of being alive and the mechanical expression of the artifacts. Then, three experiment phases were conducted, which were a study on artificial expression via flashing lights, sounds, and changing forms. A set of questionnaires were distributed to the participants. The participants’ points of view were examined by employing multivariate analysis methods. The transition of the artificial expression in this research was turned into the figure of waveforms. Finally, four factors were selected as having the highest effect with expressing a sense of being alive from the human judgments, which were 1) the waveform with some fluctuations, 2) smooth waveforms, 3) an unexpected waveform, and 4) the waveform with unstable periods. This study’s results may further be applied to new products to allow them to express a sense of being alive.","PeriodicalId":41579,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Affective Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70685171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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