Abstract Coin-minting models and molds can be classified into grand master patterns, master patterns, and casting molds, based on function. The archaeological data available at present show that the bronze coin molds are mainly master patterns and casting molds. This paper makes an as complete as possible collection of archaeologically unearthed bronze molds from the Warring States period to the Qin-Han dynasty, and then classifies them based on coin-minting technology and their functions and forms. After that, the ways to make the molds and to use them to mint coins, as well as the development procedure from vertical mold assembly technology to stack-casting technology are observed. Finally, the social background of the evolution of the coin-minting technology in this period is discussed.
{"title":"The unearthed bronze coin molds and the evolution of coin technology in the Warring States period and Qin-Han dynasties","authors":"Juan Huang","doi":"10.1515/char-2020-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/char-2020-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Coin-minting models and molds can be classified into grand master patterns, master patterns, and casting molds, based on function. The archaeological data available at present show that the bronze coin molds are mainly master patterns and casting molds. This paper makes an as complete as possible collection of archaeologically unearthed bronze molds from the Warring States period to the Qin-Han dynasty, and then classifies them based on coin-minting technology and their functions and forms. After that, the ways to make the molds and to use them to mint coins, as well as the development procedure from vertical mold assembly technology to stack-casting technology are observed. Finally, the social background of the evolution of the coin-minting technology in this period is discussed.","PeriodicalId":41590,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Archaeology","volume":"20 1","pages":"158 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/char-2020-0014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49504449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From 2016 through 2018, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and other institutions excavated the Qingtang site, the foci of which were concentrated in Caves 1–4 of Huangmenyan locality. The excavation recovered burials and hearths and unearthed human bone fossils, lithic products, pottery wares, implements made of shell, bone, and horn (antler), as well as faunal and botanical remains, in total over 10,000 pieces. The remains of this site could be divided into four phases from the earliest to the latest, which provided important data for the studies on the cultures in South China and Southeast Asia during the transitional period from Paleolithic to Neolithic Ages.
{"title":"The Qingtang site in Yingde City, Guangdong Province","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/char-2020-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/char-2020-0001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 From 2016 through 2018, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and other institutions excavated the Qingtang site, the foci of which were concentrated in Caves 1–4 of Huangmenyan locality. The excavation recovered burials and hearths and unearthed human bone fossils, lithic products, pottery wares, implements made of shell, bone, and horn (antler), as well as faunal and botanical remains, in total over 10,000 pieces. The remains of this site could be divided into four phases from the earliest to the latest, which provided important data for the studies on the cultures in South China and Southeast Asia during the transitional period from Paleolithic to Neolithic Ages.","PeriodicalId":41590,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Archaeology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/char-2020-0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42648348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract After the downfall of the Tang dynasty, the Khitan-Liao empire, the Five Dynasties, and Northern Song dynasty formed the second “northern and southern dynasties” confrontation in the history of China. Also in this period, two systems appeared in the capital city planning: the “Shangjing norm” of the Liao dynasty characterized by the 日-shaped plan view and the “Dongjing mode” of the Northern Song dynasty characterized by the 回-shaped plan view. The “Shangjing norm” is the materialization of the political system of “ruling by the customs of the peoples being ruled” applied by the nomadic rulers from the northern steppes when they were managing the empire with the Han people as the majority. This seemingly reflected the ethnic discrimination of the nomadic ruling class at the beginning of the establishment of their empire. The capital designing ideas of the Jin, Yuan, and Qing dynasties were all following this norm at the beginnings of their rules. “Dongjing mode” of the Northern Song dynasty is the materialization of the “imperial sovereignty” idea emphasized by the empires founded by the Han rulers, which seems reflecting the bureaucrat system with the centralization as the characteristics. The designs of the Liao Zhongjing (Central Capital) and the Jin Zhongdu were both simulations of that of Dongjing, which showed the trends of ethnic convergence and unification. Moreover, Dadu of the Yuan dynasty and Beijing of the Ming and Qing dynasties were the symbols of the formation of the unified multiethnic empire of China.
{"title":"The Shangjing norm of the Liao dynasty and the Dongjing mode of the Northern Song dynasty","authors":"Xin-mei Dong","doi":"10.1515/char-2020-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/char-2020-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract After the downfall of the Tang dynasty, the Khitan-Liao empire, the Five Dynasties, and Northern Song dynasty formed the second “northern and southern dynasties” confrontation in the history of China. Also in this period, two systems appeared in the capital city planning: the “Shangjing norm” of the Liao dynasty characterized by the 日-shaped plan view and the “Dongjing mode” of the Northern Song dynasty characterized by the 回-shaped plan view. The “Shangjing norm” is the materialization of the political system of “ruling by the customs of the peoples being ruled” applied by the nomadic rulers from the northern steppes when they were managing the empire with the Han people as the majority. This seemingly reflected the ethnic discrimination of the nomadic ruling class at the beginning of the establishment of their empire. The capital designing ideas of the Jin, Yuan, and Qing dynasties were all following this norm at the beginnings of their rules. “Dongjing mode” of the Northern Song dynasty is the materialization of the “imperial sovereignty” idea emphasized by the empires founded by the Han rulers, which seems reflecting the bureaucrat system with the centralization as the characteristics. The designs of the Liao Zhongjing (Central Capital) and the Jin Zhongdu were both simulations of that of Dongjing, which showed the trends of ethnic convergence and unification. Moreover, Dadu of the Yuan dynasty and Beijing of the Ming and Qing dynasties were the symbols of the formation of the unified multiethnic empire of China.","PeriodicalId":41590,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Archaeology","volume":"20 1","pages":"179 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/char-2020-0017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48036516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The production and use of bronzes had significant influences on the social developments even the formation of the early states. However, in different areas, the bronzes played different roles. By observing the different characteristics of the bronzes in the Central Plains, the Ganjiang River basin, the Xiangjiang River basin, and the Chengdu Plains, various developments of societies can be revealed. The case studies of these areas can further explain the complex relationships between the bronzes and their societies, as well as the diversity of the patterns of the developments of the ancient societies.
{"title":"Shang dynasty bronzes and society in southern China: an illustration of complexity and diversity","authors":"Jing Shi","doi":"10.1515/char-2020-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/char-2020-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The production and use of bronzes had significant influences on the social developments even the formation of the early states. However, in different areas, the bronzes played different roles. By observing the different characteristics of the bronzes in the Central Plains, the Ganjiang River basin, the Xiangjiang River basin, and the Chengdu Plains, various developments of societies can be revealed. The case studies of these areas can further explain the complex relationships between the bronzes and their societies, as well as the diversity of the patterns of the developments of the ancient societies.","PeriodicalId":41590,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Archaeology","volume":"20 1","pages":"151 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/char-2020-0013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47069797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2014 through 2018, Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and History Museum of Quxian County conducted a systematic archaeological survey, detection, and excavation to the Chengba site in Quxian County. The excavation uncovered 4,000sq m in total, from which 444 various features were recovered and over 1,000 artifacts were unearthed. The functional zoning of this site has been roughly made clear; the excavations of the western gate and important building foundations of the Guojiatai city site are important archaeological discoveries of the city sites of the Han through Western Jin dynasties, and at the checkpoint site on the waterway of this period was uncovered for the first time in China. The large amounts of bamboo slips and wooden tablets unearthed in the excavation provided important materials for the explorations on the management of the central government of the Han and Jin empires to the administrative areas of commandery and district levels and the social lives of the local people at that time.
{"title":"The Chengba site in Quxian County, Sichuan Province","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/char-2020-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/char-2020-0005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In 2014 through 2018, Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and History Museum of Quxian County conducted a systematic archaeological survey, detection, and excavation to the Chengba site in Quxian County. The excavation uncovered 4,000sq m in total, from which 444 various features were recovered and over 1,000 artifacts were unearthed. The functional zoning of this site has been roughly made clear; the excavations of the western gate and important building foundations of the Guojiatai city site are important archaeological discoveries of the city sites of the Han through Western Jin dynasties, and at the checkpoint site on the waterway of this period was uncovered for the first time in China. The large amounts of bamboo slips and wooden tablets unearthed in the excavation provided important materials for the explorations on the management of the central government of the Han and Jin empires to the administrative areas of commandery and district levels and the social lives of the local people at that time.","PeriodicalId":41590,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/char-2020-0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49327982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The eighth season of excavation at the Jiahu Site in the autumn of 2013 uncovered eight house foundations, 25 ash pits and 97 burials, along with hundreds of artifacts made of pottery, stone, bone and ivory. One of the most intriguing findings was the burial of two adult males underneath the living floor of a house foundation 2013F5 belonging to Phase I. They yielded rich grave goods that included bone flutes, engraved ivory plaque, a set of turtle shells, and other high-ranking artifacts. They are, to date, the first ever in-house burials found in Chinese archaeology. In addition, the other burials also yielded large amount of turquoise ornaments and exquisitely engraved ivory plaques. These findings are significant to the study of the prehistoric funeral practice and social differentiation during the early and middle Neolithic Age of China.
{"title":"Excavation of the Jiahu Site in Wuyang County, Henan in 2013","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/char-2019-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/char-2019-0005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The eighth season of excavation at the Jiahu Site in the autumn of 2013 uncovered eight house foundations, 25 ash pits and 97 burials, along with hundreds of artifacts made of pottery, stone, bone and ivory. One of the most intriguing findings was the burial of two adult males underneath the living floor of a house foundation 2013F5 belonging to Phase I. They yielded rich grave goods that included bone flutes, engraved ivory plaque, a set of turtle shells, and other high-ranking artifacts. They are, to date, the first ever in-house burials found in Chinese archaeology. In addition, the other burials also yielded large amount of turquoise ornaments and exquisitely engraved ivory plaques. These findings are significant to the study of the prehistoric funeral practice and social differentiation during the early and middle Neolithic Age of China.","PeriodicalId":41590,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/char-2019-0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47004163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In April and May 2011, Qingdao Municipal Institute of Cultural Heritage Conservation and Archaeology and Huangdao District Museum excavated the Tushantun Cemetery located in Huangdao District, Qingdao City. The excavation cleared three mounds and recovered seven tombs beneath them. Of these seven tombs, M6 and M8 are vertical shaft stone pit tombs with brick-timber coffin chambers and ramp passages, the burial receptacles of which are nested double-coffin and double-coffin chamber, and the grave goods unearthed from which include bronzes, jades, lacquered wares, pottery and porcelain wares and implements made of bone and horn (turtle scute). The types and styles of the tombs and grave goods all show that the dates of these two tombs are the late Western Han to the early Eastern Han Dynasty. The excavation of these tombs provided important physical materials for the studies on the burial system, geography and material culture in the coastal area of southeastern Shandong during the Han Dynasty.
{"title":"Two Han tombs at Tushantun Cemetery in Qingdao, Shandong","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/char-2019-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/char-2019-0008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In April and May 2011, Qingdao Municipal Institute of Cultural Heritage Conservation and Archaeology and Huangdao District Museum excavated the Tushantun Cemetery located in Huangdao District, Qingdao City. The excavation cleared three mounds and recovered seven tombs beneath them. Of these seven tombs, M6 and M8 are vertical shaft stone pit tombs with brick-timber coffin chambers and ramp passages, the burial receptacles of which are nested double-coffin and double-coffin chamber, and the grave goods unearthed from which include bronzes, jades, lacquered wares, pottery and porcelain wares and implements made of bone and horn (turtle scute). The types and styles of the tombs and grave goods all show that the dates of these two tombs are the late Western Han to the early Eastern Han Dynasty. The excavation of these tombs provided important physical materials for the studies on the burial system, geography and material culture in the coastal area of southeastern Shandong during the Han Dynasty.","PeriodicalId":41590,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/char-2019-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44951770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since 2012, the Institute of Archaeology of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan organized joint archaeological team and conducted five terms of archaeological survey and excavation to the Mingtepa Ancient City Site in Uzbekistan. The excavation showed that the Mingtepa Ancient City Site is a large-scale city site with nested inner and outer cities; confirmed the coexistence relationships among the architectural sites with high rammed-earth platform foundations, city walls, gates, roads and handicraft workshop remains, which are the scientific evidences for the in-depth researches on the layout and cultural connotations of the inner city; the burials found on the east wall of the outer city provided rare data of the terminus ante quem of the abandoning of the outer city.
{"title":"Archaeological survey and excavation of the Mingtepa Site in Andijan Region, Uzbekistan","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/char-2019-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/char-2019-0011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Since 2012, the Institute of Archaeology of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan organized joint archaeological team and conducted five terms of archaeological survey and excavation to the Mingtepa Ancient City Site in Uzbekistan. The excavation showed that the Mingtepa Ancient City Site is a large-scale city site with nested inner and outer cities; confirmed the coexistence relationships among the architectural sites with high rammed-earth platform foundations, city walls, gates, roads and handicraft workshop remains, which are the scientific evidences for the in-depth researches on the layout and cultural connotations of the inner city; the burials found on the east wall of the outer city provided rare data of the terminus ante quem of the abandoning of the outer city.","PeriodicalId":41590,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/char-2019-0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45288269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In September through November 2015, Liaoning Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and other institutions excavated Yelü Hongli’s tomb of the Liao Dynasty. This was a large-scale brick-chamber tomb consisting of the passage, ventilation shafts, entrance, corridor and tomb chamber; albeit having been looted in early years, many grave goods including silver wares, bronzes, iron objects, porcelains, wooden objects, jades, stone implements were unearthed, as well as architectural components and stone epitaph, and wooden coffin and bier were also preserved. This tomb located in Han Derang’s family cemetery, which was a part of the attendant burials of the Xianling and Qianling Mausoleums of the Liao Dynasty, was a tomb with exact date and yielding rich artifacts, and this was rare in the elite burials of the late Liao Dynasty, so it is significantly meaningful for the study on the burial system of the Liao Dynasty.
{"title":"The excavation of Yelü Hongli’s tomb in Beizhen City, Liaoning","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/char-2019-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/char-2019-0009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In September through November 2015, Liaoning Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and other institutions excavated Yelü Hongli’s tomb of the Liao Dynasty. This was a large-scale brick-chamber tomb consisting of the passage, ventilation shafts, entrance, corridor and tomb chamber; albeit having been looted in early years, many grave goods including silver wares, bronzes, iron objects, porcelains, wooden objects, jades, stone implements were unearthed, as well as architectural components and stone epitaph, and wooden coffin and bier were also preserved. This tomb located in Han Derang’s family cemetery, which was a part of the attendant burials of the Xianling and Qianling Mausoleums of the Liao Dynasty, was a tomb with exact date and yielding rich artifacts, and this was rare in the elite burials of the late Liao Dynasty, so it is significantly meaningful for the study on the burial system of the Liao Dynasty.","PeriodicalId":41590,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/char-2019-0009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48387788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The tomb M1017 is located in the southwest of the Dahekou Cemetery of the Western Zhou Dynasty in Yicheng County, Shanxi Province. It is a rectangular vertical earthen pit tomb equipped with one wooden coffin chamber and one wooden coffin. The occupant (estimated to be a male) is interred with the head to the west, underneath whom is a waist pit. The grave goods unearthed from this tomb are made of bronze, gold, tin, pottery, shell, etc. Bronzes take the bulk of the grave goods, including ritual vessels, musical instruments, weapons, tool, chariot and horse fittings, and so on; the 50 bronze vessels are concentratedly set between the coffin chamber and coffin in front of the occupant’s head. The bronze ritual vessels include 13 ding-tripods and fangding-quadripods, seven gui-tureens, one li-cauldron, four dou-stemmed bowls, two basins, one yu-basin, two spoons, seven jue-cups, two gu-goblets, three zun-vessels, three you-wine jars, zhi-cup, jia-wine vessel, lei-wine jar, pot, ladle, pan-basin and he-pitcher, one of each of them. Many bronzes bear inscriptions of “bo 伯 (earl)” or “Ba Bo 霸伯 (Earl of the Ba State)”, hinting that the occupant of this tomb might be a lord of the Ba State. The date of this tomb is the early stage of the mid Western Zhou Dynasty.
{"title":"The excavation of the tomb M1017 at Dahekou Cemetery of the Western Zhou Dynasty in Yicheng, Shanxi","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/char-2019-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/char-2019-0006","url":null,"abstract":"The tomb M1017 is located in the southwest of the Dahekou Cemetery of the Western Zhou Dynasty in Yicheng County, Shanxi Province. It is a rectangular vertical earthen pit tomb equipped with one wooden coffin chamber and one wooden coffin. The occupant (estimated to be a male) is interred with the head to the west, underneath whom is a waist pit. The grave goods unearthed from this tomb are made of bronze, gold, tin, pottery, shell, etc. Bronzes take the bulk of the grave goods, including ritual vessels, musical instruments, weapons, tool, chariot and horse fittings, and so on; the 50 bronze vessels are concentratedly set between the coffin chamber and coffin in front of the occupant’s head. The bronze ritual vessels include 13 ding-tripods and fangding-quadripods, seven gui-tureens, one li-cauldron, four dou-stemmed bowls, two basins, one yu-basin, two spoons, seven jue-cups, two gu-goblets, three zun-vessels, three you-wine jars, zhi-cup, jia-wine vessel, lei-wine jar, pot, ladle, pan-basin and he-pitcher, one of each of them. Many bronzes bear inscriptions of “bo 伯 (earl)” or “Ba Bo 霸伯 (Earl of the Ba State)”, hinting that the occupant of this tomb might be a lord of the Ba State. The date of this tomb is the early stage of the mid Western Zhou Dynasty.","PeriodicalId":41590,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/char-2019-0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44424650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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