We are pleased to publish Volume VIII of the Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety and Biodefense Law. This volume continues the Journal’s tradition of shining light on emerging and important issues within the fields of biosecurity, biosafety, and biodefense law, both from a practical as well as theoretical perspective. The lead article of Volume VIII is an article entitled Psychological Evaluations for the U.S. Army Biological Personnel Reliability Program by Captain Scott Salvatore of the U.S. Public Health Service. In it, Capt. Salvatore examines the Department of Defense and Federal Agencies’ charge of determining the most suitable and reliable personnel for work within biodefense laboratories. Further, the article highlights military Personnel Reliability Programs that are aimed to enhance personnel’s safety, security, and health and includes a framework for relevant procedural and legal issues. The remaining articles selected for Volume VIII are divided into two subject matter areas. The first addresses new challenges facing biosecurity law. The second focuses on national biosecurity law. Finally, Volume VIII also contains a transcript on a panel lecture entitled Zika Threat: Legal Issues and Public Health. Facilitated by Dr. Annette Sobel, Texas Tech University and Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, the five-member panel discussed issues facing public policy makers and how those policies should be approached concerning the Zika virus and public health threats. The first section explores social media. Author Megan Saltzman’s article Social Media Mining: Can We Prevent the Apocalypse? discusses security concerns and public health weighted against rights to personal privacy. Patrick Mehaffy examines Zika virus as a novel threat to both the public and the existing infrastructure of the government and what we can learn from the virus in Zika: A Test Case. Last, Michael Bostic features the phenomenon of antibiotic cycling and the legal implications that scientists and medicine may not have considered in The Legal Implications of Antibiotic Cycling to Reduce Resistance. The second section begins with author Ilse Kirchgraber illustrating issues stemming from international travel and infectious disease. In International Travel and Contagious Diseases – Should We Have Health Regulations for Entry into the United States? Mrs. Kirchgraber analyzes such issues as due process, the
我们很高兴出版《生物安全、生物安全和生物防御法》杂志第八卷。本卷延续了期刊在生物安全、生物安全和生物防御法领域的新兴和重要问题上的传统，从实践和理论的角度都是如此。第八卷的第一篇文章是一篇题为《美国陆军生物人员可靠性计划的心理评估》的文章，作者是美国公共卫生局的斯科特·塞尔瓦托上尉。在书中，塞尔瓦托上尉审查了国防部和联邦机构负责确定最适合和最可靠的人员在生物防御实验室工作的职责。此外，文章强调了军事人员可靠性计划，旨在提高人员的安全、保障和健康，并包括相关程序和法律问题的框架。为第八卷挑选的其余文章分为两个主题领域。第一部分论述了生物安全法面临的新挑战。二是国家生物安全法。最后，第八卷还包括题为“寨卡病毒威胁:法律问题和公共卫生”的小组演讲的文字记录。在Annette Sobel博士、德克萨斯理工大学和德克萨斯理工大学健康科学中心的协助下，这个五人小组讨论了公共政策制定者面临的问题，以及在寨卡病毒和公共卫生威胁方面应该如何处理这些政策。第一部分探讨社交媒体。作者梅根·萨尔茨曼的文章《社交媒体挖掘:我们能阻止世界末日吗?》讨论安全问题和公共健康对个人隐私权的影响。帕特里克·梅哈菲(Patrick Mehaffy)将寨卡病毒视为对公众和政府现有基础设施的一种新威胁，并在《寨卡病毒:一个测试案例》(Zika: a Test Case)中探讨了我们可以从寨卡病毒中学到什么。最后，Michael Bostic在《抗生素循环减少耐药性的法律含义》一书中描述了抗生素循环现象以及科学家和医学界可能没有考虑到的法律含义。第二部分由作者Ilse Kirchgraber开始，阐述了国际旅行和传染病所引起的问题。在国际旅行和传染病-我们应该有进入美国的卫生条例吗?Kirchgraber女士分析了正当程序等问题
{"title":"Introduction to Volume VIII","authors":"V. Sutton","doi":"10.1515/jbbbl-2017-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbbbl-2017-0017","url":null,"abstract":"We are pleased to publish Volume VIII of the Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety and Biodefense Law. This volume continues the Journal’s tradition of shining light on emerging and important issues within the fields of biosecurity, biosafety, and biodefense law, both from a practical as well as theoretical perspective. The lead article of Volume VIII is an article entitled Psychological Evaluations for the U.S. Army Biological Personnel Reliability Program by Captain Scott Salvatore of the U.S. Public Health Service. In it, Capt. Salvatore examines the Department of Defense and Federal Agencies’ charge of determining the most suitable and reliable personnel for work within biodefense laboratories. Further, the article highlights military Personnel Reliability Programs that are aimed to enhance personnel’s safety, security, and health and includes a framework for relevant procedural and legal issues. The remaining articles selected for Volume VIII are divided into two subject matter areas. The first addresses new challenges facing biosecurity law. The second focuses on national biosecurity law. Finally, Volume VIII also contains a transcript on a panel lecture entitled Zika Threat: Legal Issues and Public Health. Facilitated by Dr. Annette Sobel, Texas Tech University and Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, the five-member panel discussed issues facing public policy makers and how those policies should be approached concerning the Zika virus and public health threats. The first section explores social media. Author Megan Saltzman’s article Social Media Mining: Can We Prevent the Apocalypse? discusses security concerns and public health weighted against rights to personal privacy. Patrick Mehaffy examines Zika virus as a novel threat to both the public and the existing infrastructure of the government and what we can learn from the virus in Zika: A Test Case. Last, Michael Bostic features the phenomenon of antibiotic cycling and the legal implications that scientists and medicine may not have considered in The Legal Implications of Antibiotic Cycling to Reduce Resistance. The second section begins with author Ilse Kirchgraber illustrating issues stemming from international travel and infectious disease. In International Travel and Contagious Diseases – Should We Have Health Regulations for Entry into the United States? Mrs. Kirchgraber analyzes such issues as due process, the","PeriodicalId":415930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety, and Biodefense Law","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128189164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some experts say we are moving back to the pre-antibiotic era. No. This will be a post-antibiotic era. In terms of new replacement antibiotics, the pipeline is virtually dry. A post-antibiotic era means, in effect, an end to modern medicine as we know it. Things as common as strep throat or a child’s scratched knee could once again kill. Dr. Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization
{"title":"The Legal Implications of Antibiotic Cycling to Reduce Resistance","authors":"M. Bostic","doi":"10.1515/JBBBL-2017-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JBBBL-2017-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Some experts say we are moving back to the pre-antibiotic era. No. This will be a post-antibiotic era. In terms of new replacement antibiotics, the pipeline is virtually dry. A post-antibiotic era means, in effect, an end to modern medicine as we know it. Things as common as strep throat or a child’s scratched knee could once again kill. Dr. Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization","PeriodicalId":415930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety, and Biodefense Law","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127048530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Throughout history, man has traveled to new lands in search of new economic opportunities. However, germs, transported as stowaways alongside families and household goods, presented as unwelcome “gifts” to new neighbors. “Migration of humans has been the pathway for disseminating infectious diseases throughout recorded history ... .” As civilizations grew through migration, so did the spread of infectious diseases. Controlling the introduction of diseases to the population, usually through the imposition of quarantine on the weary traveler, became a focal point for governments. However, in the rush to protect constituents from any sort of contagion, the traveler’s individual rights would fall to the wayside. Such was the case in the early history of the United States, where immigrants were subjected to strict health regulations for the smallest sign of any infectious condition upon their arrival in the United States. In the early 1900s, even before setting foot on American soil, emigrants were subjected to United States health regulations. Before the ship docked in the
{"title":"International Travel and Contagious Diseases – Should Health Regulations for Entry into the United States Be More Strictly Enforced?","authors":"Ilse Kirchgraber","doi":"10.1515/JBBBL-2017-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JBBBL-2017-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout history, man has traveled to new lands in search of new economic opportunities. However, germs, transported as stowaways alongside families and household goods, presented as unwelcome “gifts” to new neighbors. “Migration of humans has been the pathway for disseminating infectious diseases throughout recorded history ... .” As civilizations grew through migration, so did the spread of infectious diseases. Controlling the introduction of diseases to the population, usually through the imposition of quarantine on the weary traveler, became a focal point for governments. However, in the rush to protect constituents from any sort of contagion, the traveler’s individual rights would fall to the wayside. Such was the case in the early history of the United States, where immigrants were subjected to strict health regulations for the smallest sign of any infectious condition upon their arrival in the United States. In the early 1900s, even before setting foot on American soil, emigrants were subjected to United States health regulations. Before the ship docked in the","PeriodicalId":415930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety, and Biodefense Law","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130332607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa was the largest and most devastating outbreak of the disease that history has ever witnessed. As of March 3, 2016, there have been 28,639 total reported cases of Ebola and 11,316 confirmed deaths. 2 This unprecedented epidemic affected nations across the globe, including the United States, and threatened the political, economic, and social stability of world order. Sensing the national security implications to the United States, President Obama announced that he was committing 3,000 United States troops to West Africa in September 2014 to combat and control the devastating outbreak of Ebola. The Office of the White House Press Secretary announced:
{"title":"Military Humanitarian Intervention: A New War on Disease?","authors":"Ashleigh Hammer","doi":"10.1515/JBBBL-2017-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JBBBL-2017-0012","url":null,"abstract":"The 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa was the largest and most devastating outbreak of the disease that history has ever witnessed. As of March 3, 2016, there have been 28,639 total reported cases of Ebola and 11,316 confirmed deaths. 2 This unprecedented epidemic affected nations across the globe, including the United States, and threatened the political, economic, and social stability of world order. Sensing the national security implications to the United States, President Obama announced that he was committing 3,000 United States troops to West Africa in September 2014 to combat and control the devastating outbreak of Ebola. The Office of the White House Press Secretary announced:","PeriodicalId":415930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety, and Biodefense Law","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114707127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The outbreak of Zika virus in the Western Hemisphere at the beginning of 2016 has the world on edge. The virus, while not nearly as frightening as a new, far more virulent, strain of hemorrhagic fever such as Ebola, is still a major public health concern. The complications of the virus can cripple and, in rare cases, kill adults. The risks of what can happen to children born to mothers who are infected with Zika during pregnancy have dominated the media since January of 2016 and are well known. Worse still, microcephaly may not be the worst that Zika can do to unborn children. The Zika virus outbreak is the first international outbreak of a serious disease since Ebola. The virus will test the effectiveness of improvements made by governments following the Ebola outbreak. This case is important to Texas for a few reasons. First, Texas has made some significant changes to its public health laws following the 2014–2015 Ebola outbreak. Second, most highly populated areas in Texas are known habitats of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is the primary transmission vector for the Zika virus. Third, Texas has a large amount of international travel. There are fourteen international airports, two of the busiest ports in the United States, and four border crossing points with Mexico. Fourth, Texas has cases of dengue fever, a mosquito borne disease carried by the Ae. aegypti mosquito that is caused by a virus that is related to the Zika virus. This means that Texas has a high likelihood of having Zika make it to its borders and spread naturally. This paper will discuss the existing public health law regarding the response to a serious disease outbreak. It will cover the international, federal, and state level responses, with a focus on the state level responses. The paper then will make recommendations on potential ways to improve the public health apparatus and any constitutional concerns that these improvements may raise.
{"title":"Zika 2016: A Test Case","authors":"Patrick Mehaffy","doi":"10.1515/JBBBL-2017-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JBBBL-2017-0010","url":null,"abstract":"The outbreak of Zika virus in the Western Hemisphere at the beginning of 2016 has the world on edge. The virus, while not nearly as frightening as a new, far more virulent, strain of hemorrhagic fever such as Ebola, is still a major public health concern. The complications of the virus can cripple and, in rare cases, kill adults. The risks of what can happen to children born to mothers who are infected with Zika during pregnancy have dominated the media since January of 2016 and are well known. Worse still, microcephaly may not be the worst that Zika can do to unborn children. The Zika virus outbreak is the first international outbreak of a serious disease since Ebola. The virus will test the effectiveness of improvements made by governments following the Ebola outbreak. This case is important to Texas for a few reasons. First, Texas has made some significant changes to its public health laws following the 2014–2015 Ebola outbreak. Second, most highly populated areas in Texas are known habitats of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is the primary transmission vector for the Zika virus. Third, Texas has a large amount of international travel. There are fourteen international airports, two of the busiest ports in the United States, and four border crossing points with Mexico. Fourth, Texas has cases of dengue fever, a mosquito borne disease carried by the Ae. aegypti mosquito that is caused by a virus that is related to the Zika virus. This means that Texas has a high likelihood of having Zika make it to its borders and spread naturally. This paper will discuss the existing public health law regarding the response to a serious disease outbreak. It will cover the international, federal, and state level responses, with a focus on the state level responses. The paper then will make recommendations on potential ways to improve the public health apparatus and any constitutional concerns that these improvements may raise.","PeriodicalId":415930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety, and Biodefense Law","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124455603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We are pleased to publish Volume VII of the Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety and Biodefense Law. This volume continues the Journal’s tradition of shining light on emerging and important issues within the fields of biosecurity, biosafety, and biodefense law, both from a practical as well as a theoretical perspective. The lead article of Volume VII is an article entitled Control Groups on Trial: The Ethics of Testing Experimental Ebola Treatments by Professor Carl H. Coleman of Seton Hall University School of Law. In it, Professor Coleman explores the ethical arguments and controversies of conducting experimental clinical drug trials of Ebola treatments during the 2013–2016 outbreak. The remaining articles selected for Volume VII are divided into three subject-matter areas. The first addresses distributive justice in the biosecurity context. The second focuses on domestic biosecurity threats. Finally, the third addresses public health emergencies and legal preparedness. The first section features one article on distributive justice and biosecurity. Author Justin Foster in his article Do Not Hit Print: The Impact of 3D Printing on Distributive Justice and Why Regulations are Necessary to Prevent Consumer 3D Vaccine Printers highlights the security concerns of 3D biological printers and the importance of regulating these printers, especially during a mass outbreak as manufacturers are able to develop and distribute vaccines more quickly than ever before. The second section analyzes threats to our national biosecurity. Nicholas Custred begins by examining the legal tools available to Texas in controlling the spread of dengue-infected mosquitos and dengue-infected immigrants in Dengue Fever: A Border Threat Without a Safety Net? Second, in The Elephant in the Room: Is HIV/AIDS a Present National Security Threat and What Needs to be Done to Combat this Issue? Nolan McConville discusses an undeveloped nation’s inability to build an effective health system and the effect this has on the continued spread of HIV around the world, which continues to threaten
我们很高兴出版《生物安全、生物安全和生物防御法》杂志第七卷。本卷延续了期刊在生物安全、生物安全和生物防御法领域的新兴和重要问题上的传统，从实践和理论的角度来看都是如此。第七卷的第一篇文章是由西顿霍尔大学法学院的Carl H. Coleman教授撰写的题为《试验中的控制组:测试实验性埃博拉治疗的伦理》的文章。在这本书中，科尔曼教授探讨了2013-2016年埃博拉爆发期间进行实验性临床药物试验的伦理争论和争议。为第七卷挑选的其余文章分为三个主题领域。第一个问题涉及生物安全背景下的分配正义。第二个重点是国内生物安全威胁。最后，第三部分涉及突发公共卫生事件和法律准备。第一部分的特色是一篇关于分配正义和生物安全的文章。作者Justin Foster在他的文章“不要打打印:3D打印对分配正义的影响以及为什么有必要制定法规来防止消费者3D疫苗打印机”中强调了3D生物打印机的安全问题以及监管这些打印机的重要性，特别是在大规模爆发期间，因为制造商能够比以往更快地开发和分发疫苗。第二部分分析了我国生物安全面临的威胁。尼古拉斯·卡斯特在《登革热:没有安全网的边境威胁?》一书中首先考察了德克萨斯州在控制感染登革热的蚊子和感染登革热的移民传播方面可用的法律工具。第二，在《房间里的大象:艾滋病毒/艾滋病是当前的国家安全威胁吗?需要做些什么来解决这个问题?》诺兰·麦康维尔讨论了一个不发达国家无法建立一个有效的卫生系统，以及这对艾滋病毒在世界各地持续传播的影响
{"title":"Introduction to Volume VII","authors":"V. Sutton","doi":"10.1515/jbbbl-2016-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbbbl-2016-0009","url":null,"abstract":"We are pleased to publish Volume VII of the Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety and Biodefense Law. This volume continues the Journal’s tradition of shining light on emerging and important issues within the fields of biosecurity, biosafety, and biodefense law, both from a practical as well as a theoretical perspective. The lead article of Volume VII is an article entitled Control Groups on Trial: The Ethics of Testing Experimental Ebola Treatments by Professor Carl H. Coleman of Seton Hall University School of Law. In it, Professor Coleman explores the ethical arguments and controversies of conducting experimental clinical drug trials of Ebola treatments during the 2013–2016 outbreak. The remaining articles selected for Volume VII are divided into three subject-matter areas. The first addresses distributive justice in the biosecurity context. The second focuses on domestic biosecurity threats. Finally, the third addresses public health emergencies and legal preparedness. The first section features one article on distributive justice and biosecurity. Author Justin Foster in his article Do Not Hit Print: The Impact of 3D Printing on Distributive Justice and Why Regulations are Necessary to Prevent Consumer 3D Vaccine Printers highlights the security concerns of 3D biological printers and the importance of regulating these printers, especially during a mass outbreak as manufacturers are able to develop and distribute vaccines more quickly than ever before. The second section analyzes threats to our national biosecurity. Nicholas Custred begins by examining the legal tools available to Texas in controlling the spread of dengue-infected mosquitos and dengue-infected immigrants in Dengue Fever: A Border Threat Without a Safety Net? Second, in The Elephant in the Room: Is HIV/AIDS a Present National Security Threat and What Needs to be Done to Combat this Issue? Nolan McConville discusses an undeveloped nation’s inability to build an effective health system and the effect this has on the continued spread of HIV around the world, which continues to threaten","PeriodicalId":415930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety, and Biodefense Law","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130871290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imagine in your mind a little boy named Johnny. Johnny’s sixth birthday was quickly approaching, and all he wanted to do was to go to Disneyland for his birthday with his newborn brother, Colton. With their parents’ approval, Johnny and Colton went to Disneyland with their parents a few days before Christmas in 2014. Soon after, tragedy struck as Johnny’s family of four turned into a family of three as they helplessly watched Colton suffer not from the common cold or the flu, but from measles. On January 7, 2015, the California Department of Public Health warned the public that an unvaccinated visitor, who entered one or both Disneyland Parks in Los Angeles during December 17–20, 2014, might be connected to 7 confirmed cases of measles in California and 2 in Utah. One month later, there were 110 confirmed cases of measles in California alone. Additionally, 15 confirmed cases were linked to the Disneyland outbreak in Arizona, Colorado, Nebraska, Oregon, Utah, and Washington; and 11 in Mexico and Canada.
{"title":"It’s a Small World After All: Dealing with the Aftermath of the Disneyland Measles Outbreak","authors":"M. Rozbicki","doi":"10.1515/JBBBL-2016-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JBBBL-2016-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Imagine in your mind a little boy named Johnny. Johnny’s sixth birthday was quickly approaching, and all he wanted to do was to go to Disneyland for his birthday with his newborn brother, Colton. With their parents’ approval, Johnny and Colton went to Disneyland with their parents a few days before Christmas in 2014. Soon after, tragedy struck as Johnny’s family of four turned into a family of three as they helplessly watched Colton suffer not from the common cold or the flu, but from measles. On January 7, 2015, the California Department of Public Health warned the public that an unvaccinated visitor, who entered one or both Disneyland Parks in Los Angeles during December 17–20, 2014, might be connected to 7 confirmed cases of measles in California and 2 in Utah. One month later, there were 110 confirmed cases of measles in California alone. Additionally, 15 confirmed cases were linked to the Disneyland outbreak in Arizona, Colorado, Nebraska, Oregon, Utah, and Washington; and 11 in Mexico and Canada.","PeriodicalId":415930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety, and Biodefense Law","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132059285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the fall of 2001, several news media offices and two democratic U.S. Senators received letters containing anthrax spores. This attack killed five people and infected seventeen others. In early 2003, an outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) crippled an unprepared Canada, infecting over four hundred Canadians and resulting in forty-four fatalities. In the spring of 2011, the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) of Germany was notified of a cluster of cases of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) near Hamburg, Germany. In 2009, Victoria was the first Australian state to report widespread transmission of
{"title":"Federalism in the Time of SARS: A Comparative Analysis of the Response to Public Health Threats in Federalist Societies","authors":"Tuong H. Ha","doi":"10.1515/JBBBL-2014-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JBBBL-2014-0005","url":null,"abstract":"In the fall of 2001, several news media offices and two democratic U.S. Senators received letters containing anthrax spores. This attack killed five people and infected seventeen others. In early 2003, an outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) crippled an unprepared Canada, infecting over four hundred Canadians and resulting in forty-four fatalities. In the spring of 2011, the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) of Germany was notified of a cluster of cases of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) near Hamburg, Germany. In 2009, Victoria was the first Australian state to report widespread transmission of","PeriodicalId":415930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety, and Biodefense Law","volume":"332 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134453029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Football is an aggressive, violent game that has evolved over time and taken over the psyche of the American people. Although baseball claims the moniker of “America’s pastime,” football was the most popular sport among Americans for forty-three consecutive years as of 2009, according to an annual survey conducted by Harris Interactive. The record for the highest attendance at a Super Bowl was 103,985, which occurred in 1980 for Super Bowl XIV between the Pittsburgh Steelers and the LA Rams at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. The largest crowd ever recorded for any NFL game was 112,376 fans who gathered to watch the Dallas Cowboys play the Houston Oilers in 1994 at Azteca Stadium in Mexico City. As the popularity of football continues
{"title":"Are Super Security Measures Needed to Prevent Attacks on the Super Bowl (and other “Mass Gatherings”)?","authors":"Austin Franklin","doi":"10.1515/JBBBL-2014-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JBBBL-2014-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Football is an aggressive, violent game that has evolved over time and taken over the psyche of the American people. Although baseball claims the moniker of “America’s pastime,” football was the most popular sport among Americans for forty-three consecutive years as of 2009, according to an annual survey conducted by Harris Interactive. The record for the highest attendance at a Super Bowl was 103,985, which occurred in 1980 for Super Bowl XIV between the Pittsburgh Steelers and the LA Rams at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. The largest crowd ever recorded for any NFL game was 112,376 fans who gathered to watch the Dallas Cowboys play the Houston Oilers in 1994 at Azteca Stadium in Mexico City. As the popularity of football continues","PeriodicalId":415930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety, and Biodefense Law","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127903299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Throughout history, mankind has been “plagued” by naturally occurring diseases. Diseases like bubonic plague, smallpox, and influenza have demolished populations and communities, killing millions of people around the world. We now have medicines, vaccines, and other advances in the health sciences that have largely eradicated many infectious disease concerns. But now, in addition to the risks posed by nature, the world faces the threat of bioterrorism. The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (“BWC”) prohibits bioterrorism, but actually enforcing its terms is what it, and the rest of the international community, does worst. While the BWC is progress towards an international agreement on the prohibition of biological weapons and the enforcement thereof, the current state of the treaty lacks an enforcement mechanism and is therefore more rhetoric than reality.
{"title":"The BWC’s Prohibition of Biological Weapons: Reality or Rhetoric?","authors":"Jessica Schneider","doi":"10.1515/jbbbl-2014-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jbbbl-2014-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout history, mankind has been “plagued” by naturally occurring diseases. Diseases like bubonic plague, smallpox, and influenza have demolished populations and communities, killing millions of people around the world. We now have medicines, vaccines, and other advances in the health sciences that have largely eradicated many infectious disease concerns. But now, in addition to the risks posed by nature, the world faces the threat of bioterrorism. The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (“BWC”) prohibits bioterrorism, but actually enforcing its terms is what it, and the rest of the international community, does worst. While the BWC is progress towards an international agreement on the prohibition of biological weapons and the enforcement thereof, the current state of the treaty lacks an enforcement mechanism and is therefore more rhetoric than reality.","PeriodicalId":415930,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosecurity, Biosafety, and Biodefense Law","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133082949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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