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2008 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers最新文献

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Wavenumber domain focusing of squinted SAR data with a curved orbit geometry 弯曲轨道几何条件下斜视SAR数据的波数域聚焦
Pub Date : 2008-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074454
T. Michel, S. Hensley
Synthetic Aperture Radar systems provide raw data that need focusing to achieve full-resolution imaging. Current SAR applications, including interferometry, require accurate, phase-preserving, and precisely co-registered coherent images over large ground swaths with the highest achievable resolution. In addition to these challenges, stripmap SAR data may be acquired with an off-broadside (squinted) geometry, either by design or through platform motion. The precise batch focusing of these large aperture and wide bandwidth data sets is known to require a 2D frequency processing approach. The standard wave domain focusing algorithm, however, is only exact for data acquired on a rectilinear trajectory. We investigate a generalization of the standard omega-k focusing formulation that allows curved data acquisition tracks. The new formulation can be used in conjunction with a known extension for conical, squinted imaging grids. The approximations necessary to allow the generalized geometry are analysed to determines the range of applicability of the proposed algorithm. The theory is validated using data simulated with parameters similar to the UAVSAR L-band SAR system.
合成孔径雷达系统提供需要聚焦的原始数据,以实现全分辨率成像。目前的SAR应用,包括干涉测量,需要在大的地面上以最高的分辨率精确地保持相位和精确地共配相干图像。除了这些挑战之外,条带图SAR数据也可以通过设计或通过平台运动来获取。已知这些大孔径和宽带数据集的精确批量聚焦需要二维频率处理方法。然而,标准波域聚焦算法仅适用于在直线轨迹上获取的数据。我们研究了标准ω -k聚焦公式的泛化,该公式允许弯曲的数据采集轨迹。新配方可以与已知的圆锥,斜视成像网格的扩展结合使用。分析了允许广义几何所需的近似,以确定所提出算法的适用范围。利用与UAVSAR l波段SAR系统参数相似的仿真数据对理论进行了验证。
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引用次数: 1
End-to-end antenna selection strategies for multi-hop relay channels 多跳中继信道的端到端天线选择策略
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074672
R. Vaze, R. Heath
Multi-hop relay channels use multiple relay stages, each with multiple relay nodes, to facilitate communication between a source and destination. Assuming a low-rate feedback link from the destination to each relay stage and the source, this paper proposes end-to-end antenna selection strategies to achieve maximum diversity gain in a multi-hop relay channel. For the full-duplex case, end-to-end antenna selection strategies are designed and proven to achieve maximum diversity gain by using a single antenna path (using single antenna of the source, each relay stage and the destination) with the maximum signal-to-noise ratio at the destination. For the half-duplex case, two paths with the two best signal-to-noise ratios in alternate time slots are used to overcome the rate loss with half-duplex nodes, with a small diversity gain penalty. To increase the multiplexing gain, a multiple stream end-to-end antenna selection strategy for full-duplex multi-hop relay channel is also proposed, where multiple data streams are transmitted simultaneously using multiple paths from the source to the destination.
多跳中继通道使用多个中继阶段,每个中继阶段都有多个中继节点,以促进源和目的之间的通信。假设在多跳中继信道中,从目的端到各中继级和源端存在低速率反馈链路,提出了端到端天线选择策略,以实现最大的分集增益。对于全双工情况,设计并验证了端到端天线选择策略,通过在目的地使用最大信噪比的单个天线路径(使用源、每个中继级和目的地的单个天线)来实现最大的分集增益。对于半双工的情况,采用在交替时隙中具有两个最佳信噪比的两条路径来克服半双工节点的速率损失,同时具有较小的分集增益损失。为了提高复用增益,提出了一种全双工多跳中继信道的多流端到端天线选择策略,其中多个数据流通过从源到目的的多条路径同时传输。
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引用次数: 1
Inter-cell relay cooperation in heterogeneous cellular uplink systems 异构小区上行系统中的小区间中继合作
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074659
H. Ganapathy, J. Andrews, C. Caramanis
Consider a multi-cell relay-assisted time-division uplink system, i.e. one active user per time slot per cell with a relay serving that user. In this paper, we are concerned with heterogeneous networks (networks with unbalanced spatial loads) and we are interested in techniques for increasing the data rate in a congested cell. We propose inter-cell relay cooperation with single-cell decoding as one such solution. In this technique, relays of different cells cooperate to determine optimum precoding weights, but the base stations do not communicate. We compare this strategy to another technique of current interest: base station cooperation through multi-cell decoding, where each cell has a single relay that amplifies and forwards the desired transmission to the base station, and all the base stations cooperatively decode the signals received at each. There will be distinct architectural and implementation consequences for each approach, and inter-cell relay cooperation with single-cell decoding may require less overhead and expense than base station cooperation through multi-cell decoding. Despite this, we see that in some likely channel and interference scenarios, the former actually outperforms the latter. The key contribution of this paper is to propose inter-cell relay cooperation as a promising technology for increasing data rates in heterogeneous cellular uplink networks.
考虑一个多小区中继辅助时分上行系统,即每个小区每个时隙有一个活动用户,并有一个中继为该用户服务。在本文中,我们关注的是异构网络(具有不平衡空间负载的网络),我们感兴趣的是在拥塞单元中提高数据速率的技术。我们提出了单细胞解码的小区间中继合作作为一种解决方案。在这种技术中,不同小区的中继相互合作以确定最佳的预编码权重,但基站之间不进行通信。我们将这种策略与另一种当前感兴趣的技术进行比较:通过多小区解码的基站合作,其中每个小区都有一个中继,将所需的传输放大并转发到基站,所有基站合作解码每个基站接收到的信号。每种方法将有不同的体系结构和实现结果,并且与通过多小区解码的基站合作相比,使用单小区解码的小区间中继合作可能需要更少的开销和费用。尽管如此,我们看到,在一些可能的信道和干扰情况下,前者实际上优于后者。本文的主要贡献是提出小区间中继合作作为一种有前途的技术来提高异构小区上行网络的数据速率。
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引用次数: 6
An automated three-dimensional visualization and classification of emphysema using neural network 基于神经网络的肺气肿自动三维可视化与分类
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074767
T. K. Liang, Toshiyuki Tanaka, Hidetoshi Nakamura, T. Shirahata, H. Sugiura
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease in which the airways and tiny air sacs (alveoli) inside the lungs are partially obstructed or destroyed. Emphysema is what occurs as more and more of the walls between air sacs get destroyed. Computed tomography (CT) image has been a useful modality for assessing diffuse lung diseases, particularly, emphysema. At present, diagnosis of emphysema is done by using spirometry, X-rays, spiral chest computed tomography (CT)-scan, bronchoscopy, blood tests and pulse oximetry. In this study, we extracted the two-dimensional emphysematous lung tissues in the lung CT automatically using digital image processing techniques, then we visualized the extracted emphysematous lung tissues by implementing a three-dimensional (3D) lung model which was computed using 55 pre-processed CT images, and finally we divided the lung model into eight sub-volumes and classified each sub-volume into five classes of emphysema related severity using an artificial neural network. The performance of the classifier was assessed using the leave-one-out method on 120 sub-volumes of the lungs generated from 15 COPD-verified patients' CT data sets.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种肺部的气道和微小的气囊(肺泡)被部分阻塞或破坏的疾病。肺气肿是随着越来越多的气囊之间的壁被破坏而发生的。计算机断层扫描(CT)图像已成为评估弥漫性肺部疾病,特别是肺气肿的有效方式。目前,肺气肿的诊断是通过肺活量测定、x射线、螺旋胸部计算机断层扫描(CT)、支气管镜检查、血液检查和脉搏血氧仪来完成的。本研究首先利用数字图像处理技术自动提取肺部CT上的二维肺气肿组织,然后利用55张预处理后的CT图像计算三维肺模型,对提取的肺气肿组织进行可视化处理,最后将肺模型划分为8个子体积,并利用人工神经网络将每个子体积划分为肺气肿相关严重程度的5个等级。使用“留一”方法对15例copd患者CT数据集生成的120个肺亚容积进行分类器的性能评估。
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引用次数: 3
Analysis of voltage overscaled computer arithmetics in low power signal processing systems 低功率信号处理系统中电压过尺度计算机算法分析
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074802
Yang Liu, Tong Zhang, K. Parhi
This work concerns the design of low power signal processing systems at overscaled supply voltage, in which the behavior of computer arithmetic units in response to overscaled voltage plays an importance role. We show that different hardware implementations of the same computer arithmetic function may respond to overscaled voltage very differently and result in different energy saving potential. Therefore, we develop an analytical approach to estimate the statistics of computer arithmetic computation errors due to supply voltages overscaling. Compared with computation intensive circuit simulations, this analytical approach can be several orders of magnitude faster and meanwhile achieve a reasonable accuracy.
本工作涉及在过标度电压下的低功率信号处理系统的设计,其中计算机运算单元对过标度电压的响应行为起着重要作用。结果表明,同一计算机运算函数的不同硬件实现对过尺度电压的响应可能非常不同,从而产生不同的节能潜力。因此,我们开发了一种分析方法来估计由于电源电压过标引起的计算机算术计算误差的统计量。与计算量大的电路仿真相比,这种分析方法可以将计算速度提高几个数量级,同时达到合理的精度。
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引用次数: 6
Distributed MIMO radar using compressive sampling 采用压缩采样的分布式MIMO雷达
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074392
A. Petropulu, Yaojiang Yu, H. Poor
A distributed MIMO radar is considered, in which the transmit and receive antennas belong to nodes of a small scale wireless network. The transmit waveforms could be uncorrelated, or correlated in order to achieve a desirable beampattern. The concept of compressive sampling is employed at the receive nodes in order to perform direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. According to the theory of compressive sampling, a signal that is sparse in some domain can be recovered based on far fewer samples than required by the Nyquist sampling theorem. The DOAs of targets form a sparse vector in the angle space, and therefore, compressive sampling can be applied for DOA estimation. The proposed approach achieves the superior resolution of MIMO radar with far fewer samples than other approaches. This is particularly useful in a distributed scenario, in which the results at each receive node need to be transmitted to a fusion center.
研究了一种分布式MIMO雷达,该雷达的发射天线和接收天线都属于一个小型无线网络的节点。发射波形可以是不相关的,也可以是相关的,以获得理想的波束方向图。在接收节点采用压缩采样的概念进行到达方向(DOA)估计。根据压缩采样理论,一个在某些域中是稀疏的信号可以用比Nyquist采样定理所需的更少的样本来恢复。目标的DOA在角度空间中形成一个稀疏向量,因此可以采用压缩采样进行DOA估计。该方法以远少于其他方法的采样量,获得了更高的MIMO雷达分辨率。这在分布式场景中特别有用,因为每个接收节点的结果都需要传输到融合中心。
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引用次数: 35
High-speed implementation of Smith-Waterman algorithm for DNA sequence scanning in VLSI DNA序列扫描的Smith-Waterman算法在VLSI中的高速实现
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074677
Chao Cheng, K. Parhi
In this paper, a novel pipelined algorithm is applied in the hardware implementation of Smith-Waterman algorithm. The proposed algorithm can cut down the computation time from O(m+n) to O(m+n/J), where J is the pipeline level, m and n are the lengths of the query sequence and subject sequence respectively. It's obvious that if the length of subject sequence is much larger than the query sequence, i.e., n>>m, the computation of scanning protein sequences will be speeded up by a factor of J.
本文提出了一种新的流水线算法,用于Smith-Waterman算法的硬件实现。该算法可以将计算时间从0 (m+n)减少到O(m+n/J),其中J为管道级别,m和n分别为查询序列和主题序列的长度。很明显,如果受试者序列的长度远远大于查询序列,即n>>m,则扫描蛋白质序列的计算速度将提高1倍。
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引用次数: 1
Distributed demodulation using consensus averaging in wireless sensor networks 基于共识平均的无线传感器网络分布式解调
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074599
Hao Zhu, A. Cano, G. Giannakis
This paper deals with demodulation of space-time transmissions from a multi-antenna access point to a network of spatially distributed wireless sensors. Distributed demodulation algorithms are developed by achieving network-wide consensus on the average of (cross-) covariances of locally available per sensor received data vectors with the channel matrix, which constitute sufficient statistics for maximum likelihood demodulation. By reaching consensus on such average terms, each sensor can attain demodulation performance as if all the information was available at a centralized unit. Different from existing distributed hypotheses testing schemes whose complexity grows exponentially with the problem dimension, the novel consensus-based demodulator incurs quadratic complexity. Inter-sensor link imperfections due to additive noise and random link failures are also accounted for. Consensus in these cases is achieved in the mean sense with bounded variance, and in the mean-square error sense, respectively. Simulated tests verify the analytical claims. Interestingly, only a few consensus iterations suffice for the novel distributed demodulator to approach the performance of its centralized benchmark.
本文研究了从多天线接入点到空间分布无线传感器网络的时空传输解调问题。分布式解调算法是通过对每个传感器接收到的数据向量与信道矩阵的本地可用协方差的平均值(交叉)达成全网共识而开发的,这构成了最大似然解调的足够统计。通过在这样的平均条件上达成共识,每个传感器可以获得解调性能,就好像所有信息都在一个集中的单元中可用一样。现有的分布式假设检验方案的复杂度随问题维数呈指数增长,而基于共识的解调器的复杂度为二次型。由于附加噪声和随机链路故障引起的传感器间链路缺陷也被考虑在内。在这些情况下,共识分别在有界方差的平均意义上和均方误差意义上实现。模拟试验验证了分析结论。有趣的是,只有很少的共识迭代就足以使新型分布式解调器接近其集中式基准的性能。
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引用次数: 7
A Nyquist folding analog-to-information receiver 奈奎斯特折叠式模拟信息接收器
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074464
G. Fudge, Ross E. Bland, M. Chivers, Sujit Ravindran, J. Haupt, Phillip E. Pace
Many radar and communications applications require detection and estimation of signal information across an extremely wide radio frequency (RF) bandwidth. In practice, however, direct digitization of this broadband RF environment is problematic. Physical limitations in analog-to-digital converter (ADC) technology restrict the total bandwidth that can be digitized, as well as the ability to digitize high RF signals directly. This paper describes a novel ldquoanalog-to-informationrdquo receiver, motivated by recent developments in compressed sensing (CS), which overcomes both of these challenges in certain settings. The proposed receiver performs frequency modulated pulsed sampling at sub-Nyquist/Shannon rates to compress a broadband RF environment into an analog interpolation filter. The RF sample clock modulation induces a Nyquist-zone dependent frequency modulation on the received signals, allowing separation and recovery of the signal information from a sparse broadband RF environment.
许多雷达和通信应用需要在极宽的射频(RF)带宽上检测和估计信号信息。然而,在实践中,这种宽带射频环境的直接数字化是有问题的。模数转换器(ADC)技术的物理限制限制了可以数字化的总带宽,以及直接数字化高射频信号的能力。本文描述了一种新型的从类比到信息的接收器,它是由压缩感知(CS)的最新发展所激发的,它在某些情况下克服了这两个挑战。该接收机以亚奈奎斯特/香农速率进行频率调制脉冲采样,将宽带射频环境压缩成模拟插值滤波器。射频采样时钟调制在接收信号上诱导奈奎斯特区相关的频率调制,允许从稀疏宽带射频环境中分离和恢复信号信息。
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引用次数: 73
A closer look at the physical and protocol models for wireless ad hoc networks with multi-packet reception 详细介绍具有多包接收功能的无线自组织网络的物理和协议模型
Pub Date : 2008-10-26 DOI: 10.1109/ACSSC.2008.5074538
Hyunchul Kim, H. Sadjadpour, J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves
In this paper, we compute the throughput capacity of wireless ad hoc network when nodes are capable of multi-packet reception (MPR) under the physical model. Earlier results show that the optimistic protocol model [1] provides a tight bound of Theta(D(n)) where D(n) and n denote the decoding range and the number of nodes in the network respectively. On the other hand, the throughput capacity under the more practical physical model using successive interference cancelation (SIC) [2] has a tight bound of Theta(D(n)(1-2/Theta)/n1/Theta) where Theta is the path loss parameter. Motivated by the fact that protocol model provides higher throughput capacity than physical model, we investigated the throughput capacity with MPR in physical model utilizing maximum likelihood decoding(MLD) algorithm. Using this optimum decoding strategy, we demonstrate that the physical and protocol models render the same capacity.
本文计算了在物理模型下节点具有多包接收能力时无线自组网的吞吐量。先前的研究结果表明,乐观协议模型[1]提供了Theta(D(n))的紧界,其中D(n)和n分别表示解码范围和网络中的节点数。另一方面,使用连续干扰抵消(SIC)[2]的更实用的物理模型下的吞吐量具有Theta(D(n)(1-2/Theta)/n1/Theta)的紧密边界,其中Theta为路径损耗参数。考虑到协议模型比物理模型提供更高的吞吐量,我们利用最大似然解码(MLD)算法研究了物理模型中MPR的吞吐量。使用这种最佳解码策略,我们证明了物理模型和协议模型提供相同的容量。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
2008 42nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers
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