Pub Date : 2000-06-16DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.06.115
Cheng-zhong Zheng, Weiming Li
Objective To evaluate the diagostic effects, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 7 different methods in detecting cryptosporidium oocysts (CSO) in fecal specimens of children with diarrhea. Methods Seven microscopy- based CSO detection methods were applied to unconcentrated and concentrated fecal smears from 649children with acute diarrhea. The seven methods were as follows: (1) A direct hot safranin-methylene blue (SMB) stain method, (2) a direct modified acid-fast (MAF) stain method, (3) a modified Sheather's sucrose flotation (SSF) plus SMB stain method, (4) a PBS-ether concentration (PBS-E) plus MAF stain, (5) a combination of Ficoll-sodium diatrizoate (FSD) discontinuous density gradient and observation under scanning electron microscope (SEM) , (6) FSD or Percoll purifying CSO method plus an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) technique, and (7) a monoclonal antibody-based indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) . The first 4 methods listed above were simultaneously used to examine CSO in fresh stool samples from 649 children with diarrhea. All seven methods were used in 710 previously collected, pretreated, stored (at 2-8℃) specimens (86 known positives, 624known negatives) from 649 children with diarrhea. Results A total of 649 diarrhea cases were examined for fecal CSO, which were identified in 26 cases (4.0%) . The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the SMB stain and the MAF (or SMB + MAF) method for the fecal CSO were 80.2% and 94.1%, 61.6% and 98.4% (P 0.05) , respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the SSF +SMB, PBS-E + MAF, ABC methods were all 100%, which were statistically significant (P < 0.01 for all) as compared to those of SMB, MAF or SMB + MAF methods. Conclusions The direct SMB staining of the unconcentrated fecal smears showed a higher positive rate than the one of the direct MAF stain, but its misdiagnosis rate was higher as well. This test may be suitable for screening. The MAF stain had a high false-negative rate. The detective effect of ABC was the same as IFA with monoclonal antibodies, but the performing process was complicated, manifold and the reagents are expensive. The diagnostic effects of SSF + SMB and PBS-E plus MAF methods were similar, 100% in sensitivity, specificity or accuracy, to one of the gold standard methods-IFA. These two methods were easy in visual recognition, inexpensive, simple and convenient, therefore might be the ideal methods for the detection of fecal CSO. Key words: Cryptosporidiosis; Child; Fluoroimmunoassay; Antibodies, monoclonal
{"title":"Laboratory study on diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in children with diarrhea","authors":"Cheng-zhong Zheng, Weiming Li","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.06.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.06.115","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To evaluate the diagostic effects, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 7 different methods in detecting cryptosporidium oocysts (CSO) in fecal specimens of children with diarrhea. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Seven microscopy- based CSO detection methods were applied to unconcentrated and concentrated fecal smears from 649children with acute diarrhea. The seven methods were as follows: (1) A direct hot safranin-methylene blue (SMB) stain method, (2) a direct modified acid-fast (MAF) stain method, (3) a modified Sheather's sucrose flotation (SSF) plus SMB stain method, (4) a PBS-ether concentration (PBS-E) plus MAF stain, (5) a combination of Ficoll-sodium diatrizoate (FSD) discontinuous density gradient and observation under scanning electron microscope (SEM) , (6) FSD or Percoll purifying CSO method plus an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) technique, and (7) a monoclonal antibody-based indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) . The first 4 methods listed above were simultaneously used to examine CSO in fresh stool samples from 649 children with diarrhea. All seven methods were used in 710 previously collected, pretreated, stored (at 2-8℃) specimens (86 known positives, 624known negatives) from 649 children with diarrhea. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000A total of 649 diarrhea cases were examined for fecal CSO, which were identified in 26 cases (4.0%) . The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the SMB stain and the MAF (or SMB + MAF) method for the fecal CSO were 80.2% and 94.1%, 61.6% and 98.4% (P 0.05) , respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the SSF +SMB, PBS-E + MAF, ABC methods were all 100%, which were statistically significant (P < 0.01 for all) as compared to those of SMB, MAF or SMB + MAF methods. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000The direct SMB staining of the unconcentrated fecal smears showed a higher positive rate than the one of the direct MAF stain, but its misdiagnosis rate was higher as well. This test may be suitable for screening. The MAF stain had a high false-negative rate. The detective effect of ABC was the same as IFA with monoclonal antibodies, but the performing process was complicated, manifold and the reagents are expensive. The diagnostic effects of SSF + SMB and PBS-E plus MAF methods were similar, 100% in sensitivity, specificity or accuracy, to one of the gold standard methods-IFA. These two methods were easy in visual recognition, inexpensive, simple and convenient, therefore might be the ideal methods for the detection of fecal CSO. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Cryptosporidiosis; Child; Fluoroimmunoassay; Antibodies, monoclonal","PeriodicalId":416525,"journal":{"name":"Chinexe Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128319715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-06-16DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.06.103
Jie Li, Xu-fang Fan
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pulmonary surfactant (PS) in the replacement therapy for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) . Methods Forty-two NRDS infants from four hospitals in Beijing were treated with curosurf which is one of the PS. The changes of the lung function and lung aeration after the therapy and some common complications in premature infants were observed. Results Thirty minutes after the administration of curosurf, PaO2 significantly increased from (44 ± 14) mm Hg to (102 ±59) mm Hg, a/APO2 from 0.11 ± 0.05 to 0.28 ± 0.18. PaO2 and a/APO2 remained higher levels until 10 days after the administration and were significantly different from the levels before the treatment (P < 0.01) . After 30minutes of the administration, PaCO2 decreased from (54 ± 17) mm Hg to (45 ± 13) mm Hg (P < 0.05). After 12 hours of the administration, chest X-ray showed a significant improvement in lung aeration. After 24 hours, the mechanical ventilation frequency decreased significantly from (48 ± 8) times/min to (42 ± 12) times/min, the peak inspiratory pressure decreased from (22.2±3.6) mm Hg to (19.4 ± 2.8) mm Hg, and the mean airway pressure from (11.8 ± 2.0) mm Hg to (9.9 ± 2.2) mm Hg. The incidences of the intracranial hemorrhage, pneumothorax, patent ductus arteriousus and pneumonia were 28%, 7%, 35% and 79%, respectively. Conclusion Curosurf could rapidly and effectively improve the lung function and lung aeration in NRDS infants. Key words: Pulmonary surfactants; Infant, newborn; Respiratory distress syndrome; Therapy
{"title":"A multicenter clinical trial of the surfactant replacement therapy for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome","authors":"Jie Li, Xu-fang Fan","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.06.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.06.103","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pulmonary surfactant (PS) in the replacement therapy for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) . \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Forty-two NRDS infants from four hospitals in Beijing were treated with curosurf which is one of the PS. The changes of the lung function and lung aeration after the therapy and some common complications in premature infants were observed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Thirty minutes after the administration of curosurf, PaO2 significantly increased from (44 ± 14) mm Hg to (102 ±59) mm Hg, a/APO2 from 0.11 ± 0.05 to 0.28 ± 0.18. PaO2 and a/APO2 remained higher levels until 10 days after the administration and were significantly different from the levels before the treatment (P < 0.01) . After 30minutes of the administration, PaCO2 decreased from (54 ± 17) mm Hg to (45 ± 13) mm Hg (P < 0.05). After 12 hours of the administration, chest X-ray showed a significant improvement in lung aeration. After 24 hours, the mechanical ventilation frequency decreased significantly from (48 ± 8) times/min to (42 ± 12) times/min, the peak inspiratory pressure decreased from (22.2±3.6) mm Hg to (19.4 ± 2.8) mm Hg, and the mean airway pressure from (11.8 ± 2.0) mm Hg to (9.9 ± 2.2) mm Hg. The incidences of the intracranial hemorrhage, pneumothorax, patent ductus arteriousus and pneumonia were 28%, 7%, 35% and 79%, respectively. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusion \u0000Curosurf could rapidly and effectively improve the lung function and lung aeration in NRDS infants. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Pulmonary surfactants; Infant, newborn; Respiratory distress syndrome; Therapy","PeriodicalId":416525,"journal":{"name":"Chinexe Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132474468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-06-16DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.06.108
Mei Li, Dong-yuan Zhou
Objective To explore the role of β-endorphin (β-EP) in neonatal respiratory failure. Methods Plasma β-EP levels of 46 full-term newborns with the neonatal respiratory failure, which including 31cases as asphyxia group and 15 cases as pneumonia group, were measured by radioimmunoassay at the time of admission to the hospital, 72 hours after admission or before the death, and in recovery phase. Seventeen newborns without the respiratory failure (9 with asphyxia and 8 with pneumonia) and 20 healthy neonates were included as controls. Results Plasma β-EP levels of respiratory failure group were significantly higher than those of control group and healthy group at the time of admission to the hospital (P < 0.01) . Plasma β-EP levels were remarkably higher in the patients with severe respiratory failure (n = 29) than those with mild respiratory failure group (n =17, P < 0.01) . Plasma β-EP levels were also higher in respiratory failure newborns with the asphyxia than those in respiratory failure newborns with pneumonia. Plasma β-EP levels of the dead patients (n = 22) in respiratory failure group were significantly higher than those of the survivors (n = 24) 72 hours after the hospitalization. The concentration of plasma β-EP showed a negative correlation with pH and PaO2 ( P < 0.05) and a positive correlation with PaCO2 (P < 0.05) in the group of asphyxia newborns with the respiratory failure. Newborns with severe hypoxia (PaO2 ≤35 mm Hg) or severe acidosis (pH≤7.0) presented much higher plasma β-EP levels (P <0.05) . Conclusion β-EP may play some roles in respiratory failure of newborns. Key words: Infant, newborn; Respiratory insufficiency; Beta-endorphin
{"title":"The concentration changes of β-endorphin in full-term newborns with respiratory failure","authors":"Mei Li, Dong-yuan Zhou","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.06.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.06.108","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To explore the role of β-endorphin (β-EP) in neonatal respiratory failure. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Plasma β-EP levels of 46 full-term newborns with the neonatal respiratory failure, which including 31cases as asphyxia group and 15 cases as pneumonia group, were measured by radioimmunoassay at the time of admission to the hospital, 72 hours after admission or before the death, and in recovery phase. Seventeen newborns without the respiratory failure (9 with asphyxia and 8 with pneumonia) and 20 healthy neonates were included as controls. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Plasma β-EP levels of respiratory failure group were significantly higher than those of control group and healthy group at the time of admission to the hospital (P < 0.01) . Plasma β-EP levels were remarkably higher in the patients with severe respiratory failure (n = 29) than those with mild respiratory failure group (n =17, P < 0.01) . Plasma β-EP levels were also higher in respiratory failure newborns with the asphyxia than those in respiratory failure newborns with pneumonia. Plasma β-EP levels of the dead patients (n = 22) in respiratory failure group were significantly higher than those of the survivors (n = 24) 72 hours after the hospitalization. The concentration of plasma β-EP showed a negative correlation with pH and PaO2 ( P < 0.05) and a positive correlation with PaCO2 (P < 0.05) in the group of asphyxia newborns with the respiratory failure. Newborns with severe hypoxia (PaO2 ≤35 mm Hg) or severe acidosis (pH≤7.0) presented much higher plasma β-EP levels (P <0.05) . \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusion \u0000β-EP may play some roles in respiratory failure of newborns. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Infant, newborn; Respiratory insufficiency; Beta-endorphin","PeriodicalId":416525,"journal":{"name":"Chinexe Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128248573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-06-16DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.06.109
Jing-wei Hu, Zhong-cheng Zhou
Objective To explore clinical effects of immunoglobulin on convulsion rats and influences of immunoglobulin on the c-fos expression of neurocytes. Methods The epilepsy model was established by injecting pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) into Wistar rats to induce the generalized seizures. Fifteen rats were randomly divided into three groups, that is, group A: normal control; group B: PTZ plus intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) ; group C: PTZ plus normal saline (NS) . Seizure conditions of rats were observed and compared between group B and C. All perfused brain tissues of rats were sectioned and detected the c-fos expressions by immunohistochemistry staining (ABC method) at the 14th day of the epilepsy model. Results (1) In group A, weak c-fos expressions in brain tissues were observed occasionally. (2) Compared with rats of group C, the epilepsy in rats of group B showed obvious longer latencies and remarkably lower convulsion scores. No rat was dead in group B. While in group C 3of 6 rats died from seizures. Latencies of seizures showed a tendency to become short. There was no obvious change of convulsion scores in group C. (3) The c-fos expression in group B significantly decreased at the same region of brain tissues when compared with that in group C (P < 0.01) . Conclusion IVIG might play a role in the inhibition of convulsions and the reduction of the c-fos expressions. Key words: Immunoglobulins; Epilepsy, partial; Neurons; Genes, FOS; Rat
{"title":"Effects of immunoglobulin on convulsion rats and on c-fos expressions in neurocytes","authors":"Jing-wei Hu, Zhong-cheng Zhou","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.06.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.06.109","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To explore clinical effects of immunoglobulin on convulsion rats and influences of immunoglobulin on the c-fos expression of neurocytes. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000The epilepsy model was established by injecting pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) into Wistar rats to induce the generalized seizures. Fifteen rats were randomly divided into three groups, that is, group A: normal control; group B: PTZ plus intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) ; group C: PTZ plus normal saline (NS) . Seizure conditions of rats were observed and compared between group B and C. All perfused brain tissues of rats were sectioned and detected the c-fos expressions by immunohistochemistry staining (ABC method) at the 14th day of the epilepsy model. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000(1) In group A, weak c-fos expressions in brain tissues were observed occasionally. (2) Compared with rats of group C, the epilepsy in rats of group B showed obvious longer latencies and remarkably lower convulsion scores. No rat was dead in group B. While in group C 3of 6 rats died from seizures. Latencies of seizures showed a tendency to become short. There was no obvious change of convulsion scores in group C. (3) The c-fos expression in group B significantly decreased at the same region of brain tissues when compared with that in group C (P < 0.01) . \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusion \u0000IVIG might play a role in the inhibition of convulsions and the reduction of the c-fos expressions. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Immunoglobulins; Epilepsy, partial; Neurons; Genes, FOS; Rat","PeriodicalId":416525,"journal":{"name":"Chinexe Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128344052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-06-16DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.06.121
Youwei Huai, Qirong Zhu
Objective To compare the effect of ceftriaxone and norfloxacin on resistant typhoid fever in children. Methods Sixty children with typhoid fever resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin or cotrimoxazole were randomly divided into two groups. Thirty cases received ceftriaxone [100 mg/ (kg·d) , once daily, iv] and the other 30 received norfloxacin [10 mg/ (kg·d) , twice daily] . Result Ceftriaxone was effective in 93% of the 30 cases, while norfloxacin was effective in 80% of the 30 cases (Ridit analysis, ceftriaxon (R = 0.421 1, norfloxacin (R = 0.578 9, u = 2.12, P <0.05) . Conclusion The therapeutic effect of ceftriaxone on drug-resistant typhoid fever in children was better than that of norfloxacin. Key words: Typhoid; Ceftriaxone; Norfloxacin; Child
目的比较头孢曲松与诺氟沙星治疗儿童耐药伤寒的疗效。方法将60例对氯霉素、氨苄西林、复方新诺明耐药的伤寒患儿随机分为两组。30例给予头孢曲松[100 mg/ (kg·d)，每日1次，静脉注射]，30例给予诺氟沙星[10 mg/ (kg·d)，每日2次]。结果30例患者中头孢曲松有效率为93%，诺氟沙星有效率为80% (Ridit分析，头孢曲松(R = 0.421 1)，诺氟沙星(R = 0.578 9, u = 2.12, P <0.05)。结论头孢曲松治疗儿童耐药伤寒的疗效优于诺氟沙星。关键词:伤寒;头孢曲松钠;诺氟沙星;孩子
{"title":"Ceftriaxone vs. norfloxacin in the treatment of resistant typhoid fever in 60 children","authors":"Youwei Huai, Qirong Zhu","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.06.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.06.121","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To compare the effect of ceftriaxone and norfloxacin on resistant typhoid fever in children. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Sixty children with typhoid fever resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin or cotrimoxazole were randomly divided into two groups. Thirty cases received ceftriaxone [100 mg/ (kg·d) , once daily, iv] and the other 30 received norfloxacin [10 mg/ (kg·d) , twice daily] . \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Result \u0000Ceftriaxone was effective in 93% of the 30 cases, while norfloxacin was effective in 80% of the 30 cases (Ridit analysis, ceftriaxon (R = 0.421 1, norfloxacin (R = 0.578 9, u = 2.12, P <0.05) . \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusion \u0000The therapeutic effect of ceftriaxone on drug-resistant typhoid fever in children was better than that of norfloxacin. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Typhoid; Ceftriaxone; Norfloxacin; Child","PeriodicalId":416525,"journal":{"name":"Chinexe Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131385479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-06-16DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.06.110
Qin Zhang, P. Xiong
Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves disease are autoimmune diseases of the thyroid. It has been widely accepted that immunogenetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of both diseases. Inherited susceptibility has shown the association with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II region. Objective To investigate the correlation of genotypes of HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 alleles with the susceptibility of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Methods Genotypes of HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 genes were detected by polymerase chain reactions with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) in Chinese Han children from Hubei, which included 46children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis [10 boys and 36 girls, mean age (11.3 ±2.9) yr] , 20 children with Graves disease [6 boys and 14 girls, mean age (9.1 ± 2.9) yr] , 27 children with simple goiter [10 boys and 17 girls, mean age (7.1±2.0) yr] as well as 193 racially matched healthy controls. Results The frequencies of HLA-DRB1 * 0901 were significantly increased in both children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis [67%, relative risk (RR) =5.2, P= 1.9×10-6] and Graves disease (65%, RR = 4.7, P = 1.8 × 10-3) compared with that in healthy people (28.5%) . The frequencies of HLA DQB1 * 080X and DQB1 * 0303 were significantly increased in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (DQB1 * 080X , 39% vs. 16% , RR = 3.4, P = 1.0 × 10-3, and DQB1 * 0303, 56% vs. 35%, RR = 2.4, P = 1.1 ×10-3) . Conclusion Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves disease were found strongly positive associated with HLA-DRB1 * 0901, whereas DRB1 * 080X and DQB1 * 0303 were also closely associated to Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The HLA-DRB1 * 0901 and 080X and DQB1 * 0303 alleles might be the genetic markers for susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid diseases in Chinese people. Key words: Thyroid diseases; Autoimmune diseases; HLA-DR1 antigen; HLA-DQ antigen; Disease susceptibility
{"title":"The relationship between HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 and the susceptibility for autoimmune thyroid diseases","authors":"Qin Zhang, P. Xiong","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.06.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.06.110","url":null,"abstract":"Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves disease are autoimmune diseases of the thyroid. It has been widely accepted that immunogenetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of both diseases. Inherited susceptibility has shown the association with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II region. Objective To investigate the correlation of genotypes of HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 alleles with the susceptibility of autoimmune thyroid diseases. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Genotypes of HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 genes were detected by polymerase chain reactions with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) in Chinese Han children from Hubei, which included 46children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis [10 boys and 36 girls, mean age (11.3 ±2.9) yr] , 20 children with Graves disease [6 boys and 14 girls, mean age (9.1 ± 2.9) yr] , 27 children with simple goiter [10 boys and 17 girls, mean age (7.1±2.0) yr] as well as 193 racially matched healthy controls. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The frequencies of HLA-DRB1 * 0901 were significantly increased in both children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis [67%, relative risk (RR) =5.2, P= 1.9×10-6] and Graves disease (65%, RR = 4.7, P = 1.8 × 10-3) compared with that in healthy people (28.5%) . The frequencies of HLA DQB1 * 080X and DQB1 * 0303 were significantly increased in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (DQB1 * 080X , 39% vs. 16% , RR = 3.4, P = 1.0 × 10-3, and DQB1 * 0303, 56% vs. 35%, RR = 2.4, P = 1.1 ×10-3) . \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusion \u0000Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves disease were found strongly positive associated with HLA-DRB1 * 0901, whereas DRB1 * 080X and DQB1 * 0303 were also closely associated to Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The HLA-DRB1 * 0901 and 080X and DQB1 * 0303 alleles might be the genetic markers for susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid diseases in Chinese people. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Thyroid diseases; Autoimmune diseases; HLA-DR1 antigen; HLA-DQ antigen; Disease susceptibility","PeriodicalId":416525,"journal":{"name":"Chinexe Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130704788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-06-16DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.06.106
Jing Zhang, Xun-mei Fan
Objective To evaluate the transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring of microembolic signals (MES) during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and to explore the relationship between the number of MES and the neurological outcome. Methods Using American Medsonics CDS TCD machine to detect MES continuously during ECMO process in 14 sheep. The cerebral morphological and pathological examinations was carried out in 9 of 14 sheep. Results (1) The MES were easily detected both at the onset of ECMO and at the pump increasing phase. The most MES was air bubble signals. (2) There was no abnormality in brains of 9 sheep by the gross observation. Under the microscopy, the bilateral cerebral tissue structures were normal except the brain malacia was discovered at some areas of brains in 4 sheep. (3) No significant correlation between the whole numbers of MES and brain malacia was found. Conclusion TCD monitoring of MES during ECMO was successful, and may help to improve the quality of the ECMO operations and to decrease the potentially harmful embolization during ECMO. Key words: Ultrasonography, Doppler, transcranial; Cerebral embolism and thrombosis; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Sheep
{"title":"Transcranial Doppler monitoring of microembolic signals during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in sheep","authors":"Jing Zhang, Xun-mei Fan","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.06.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.06.106","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To evaluate the transcranial Doppler (TCD) monitoring of microembolic signals (MES) during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and to explore the relationship between the number of MES and the neurological outcome. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Using American Medsonics CDS TCD machine to detect MES continuously during ECMO process in 14 sheep. The cerebral morphological and pathological examinations was carried out in 9 of 14 sheep. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000(1) The MES were easily detected both at the onset of ECMO and at the pump increasing phase. The most MES was air bubble signals. (2) There was no abnormality in brains of 9 sheep by the gross observation. Under the microscopy, the bilateral cerebral tissue structures were normal except the brain malacia was discovered at some areas of brains in 4 sheep. (3) No significant correlation between the whole numbers of MES and brain malacia was found. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusion \u0000TCD monitoring of MES during ECMO was successful, and may help to improve the quality of the ECMO operations and to decrease the potentially harmful embolization during ECMO. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Ultrasonography, Doppler, transcranial; Cerebral embolism and thrombosis; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Sheep","PeriodicalId":416525,"journal":{"name":"Chinexe Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129740688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-16DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.05.114
Yuehua Zhang, Xue-Mei Tang
Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) and evaluate the diagnostic values of computerized tomography (CT) , magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and measuring arysulfatase A (ASA) activity in peripheral leukocytes. Methods The clinical and experimental data (including ASA activity, urine amino acids, routine cerebrospinal fluid analysis, fundal examination, electroencephalography, etc.) of 10 children with MLD were analysed. Results Six cases had late infantile type with onset of symptoms at the age of 10 to 30 months and 4 cases had juvenile type with onset of symptoms at the age of 4 to 8 years. The first symptom manifested as gait disorder in 6 cases, speech disturbance in 2 cases, prone to crying in 1 case and seizure in 1 case. Except for 1 casewho had a short course of disease, all the 9 cases had the manifestations of progressive motor deterioration, speech disturbance and mental regression. Cranial CT scan revealed symmetric low density area in cerebral hemisphere in 3 cases. Cranial MRI showed symmetric T2 high signal intensity on bilateral white matter in 7 cases. All the 10 cases had deficient or low ASA activity. Conclusion The clinical characteristics of MLD were progressive motor deterioration, speech disturbance and mental regression. The white matter abnormalities on cranial CT and MRI may be useful for the diagnosis of MLD. The definitive diagnosis should be based on the deficiency of ASA activity in peripheral leukocytes. Key words: Leukodystrophy, metachromatic; Magnetic resonance imaging; Arylsulfatases
{"title":"Clinical characteristics and diagnosis of metachromatic leukodystrophy in 10 cases","authors":"Yuehua Zhang, Xue-Mei Tang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.05.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.05.114","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To analyze the clinical characteristics of metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) and evaluate the diagnostic values of computerized tomography (CT) , magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and measuring arysulfatase A (ASA) activity in peripheral leukocytes. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000The clinical and experimental data (including ASA activity, urine amino acids, routine cerebrospinal fluid analysis, fundal examination, electroencephalography, etc.) of 10 children with MLD were analysed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Six cases had late infantile type with onset of symptoms at the age of 10 to 30 months and 4 cases had juvenile type with onset of symptoms at the age of 4 to 8 years. The first symptom manifested as gait disorder in 6 cases, speech disturbance in 2 cases, prone to crying in 1 case and seizure in 1 case. Except for 1 casewho had a short course of disease, all the 9 cases had the manifestations of progressive motor deterioration, speech disturbance and mental regression. Cranial CT scan revealed symmetric low density area in cerebral hemisphere in 3 cases. Cranial MRI showed symmetric T2 high signal intensity on bilateral white matter in 7 cases. All the 10 cases had deficient or low ASA activity. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusion \u0000The clinical characteristics of MLD were progressive motor deterioration, speech disturbance and mental regression. The white matter abnormalities on cranial CT and MRI may be useful for the diagnosis of MLD. The definitive diagnosis should be based on the deficiency of ASA activity in peripheral leukocytes. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Leukodystrophy, metachromatic; Magnetic resonance imaging; Arylsulfatases","PeriodicalId":416525,"journal":{"name":"Chinexe Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126632528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-16DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.05.120
Congle Zhou, Yi Jiang
Objective To find out ways of early prediction of the prognosis of perinatal hypoxic brain damage. Methods Data of 58 patients suffered from moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) were retrospectively analyzed. Of these patients, 25 had obvious nervous system sequelae compared with 33 controls who showed no nervous system sequelae. Factors related to sequelae included history of hypoxia, onset time and duration of nervous system symptoms, state of convulsion and brain function ( EEG, near infrared spectroscopy) , and image changes after the acute phase of the disease. Results Marked differences between the study and control groups were observed. The study group showed severe inhibited state after birth, early onset of nervous system symptoms and 48% occurrence within 6 hours after birth. Symptoms lasted for more than10 days in 40%, convulsion occurred within 24 hours in 54%, and 85% showed frequent onset. It was revealed that severe brain function disorders (EEG) , including multifocal long time abnormal discharge, subclinical discharge, low voltage, burst suppression waves, and spontaneous lowered brain oxygenation (near infrared spectroscopy) ; and extensive parenchymal or ventricular or periventricular image changes which occurred in 88 % of the cases. Conclusion The inhibited state, onset time and duration of nervous system symptoms, severity of convulsion, brain function and image changes in later phase were valuable indicators for early prediction of the prognosis. Key words: Perinatology; Cerbral anoxia; Nervous system; Prediction
{"title":"The early prediction of the prognosis of perinatal hypoxic brain damage","authors":"Congle Zhou, Yi Jiang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.05.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.05.120","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To find out ways of early prediction of the prognosis of perinatal hypoxic brain damage. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Data of 58 patients suffered from moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) were retrospectively analyzed. Of these patients, 25 had obvious nervous system sequelae compared with 33 controls who showed no nervous system sequelae. Factors related to sequelae included history of hypoxia, onset time and duration of nervous system symptoms, state of convulsion and brain function ( EEG, near infrared spectroscopy) , and image changes after the acute phase of the disease. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Marked differences between the study and control groups were observed. The study group showed severe inhibited state after birth, early onset of nervous system symptoms and 48% occurrence within 6 hours after birth. Symptoms lasted for more than10 days in 40%, convulsion occurred within 24 hours in 54%, and 85% showed frequent onset. It was revealed that severe brain function disorders (EEG) , including multifocal long time abnormal discharge, subclinical discharge, low voltage, burst suppression waves, and spontaneous lowered brain oxygenation (near infrared spectroscopy) ; and extensive parenchymal or ventricular or periventricular image changes which occurred in 88 % of the cases. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusion \u0000The inhibited state, onset time and duration of nervous system symptoms, severity of convulsion, brain function and image changes in later phase were valuable indicators for early prediction of the prognosis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Perinatology; Cerbral anoxia; Nervous system; Prediction","PeriodicalId":416525,"journal":{"name":"Chinexe Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132171838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-16DOI: 10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.05.118
Z. Luan, Jinling Gao
Objective To observe the effects of fonzylane on newborn rats with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and search for an effective therapy to deal with HIE. Methods Models of newborn rats with HIE were established, and 104 rats were devided into 13 groups. After treatment with fonzylane, the blood perfusion, pathology, arachidonic acid content, free radical clearance, and metabolism of intracellular free calcium in the brain of rats were investigated. Results Carotid arterial blood pressures of rats were not different before and after applying fonzylane. The arteriolae of the soft meninges of ischemic cerebral hemisphere were dilated by 18.6% ~ 22.7 %, which were two times more than those of the other normal cerebral hemisphere; the blood circulation was also significantly accelerated; both the ratio of TXB2/PGI2 and the content of the endocellular free calcium decreased; but the SOD activity of cerebrum increased. The neurocytes were observed almost recovered under the electronmicroscope. Conclusion The blood perfusion of the ischemic region of cerebrum could be significantly recovered by using fonzylane. There was no intracerebral steal phenomenon. In the mean time fonzylane, as a mild calcium antagonist and activitor of SOD, could reduce or might avoid the reperfusion damage. The results indicated that further clinical investigations on the treatment of HIE neonates with Fonaylane are needed. Key words: Rats; Cerebral anoxia; Cerebral ischemia; Pyrrolidines
{"title":"An experimental study on treating newborn rats with hypoxic ischemic encephalapathy with fonzylane","authors":"Z. Luan, Jinling Gao","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.05.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.0578-1310.2000.05.118","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To observe the effects of fonzylane on newborn rats with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and search for an effective therapy to deal with HIE. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Models of newborn rats with HIE were established, and 104 rats were devided into 13 groups. After treatment with fonzylane, the blood perfusion, pathology, arachidonic acid content, free radical clearance, and metabolism of intracellular free calcium in the brain of rats were investigated. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Carotid arterial blood pressures of rats were not different before and after applying fonzylane. The arteriolae of the soft meninges of ischemic cerebral hemisphere were dilated by 18.6% ~ 22.7 %, which were two times more than those of the other normal cerebral hemisphere; the blood circulation was also significantly accelerated; both the ratio of TXB2/PGI2 and the content of the endocellular free calcium decreased; but the SOD activity of cerebrum increased. The neurocytes were observed almost recovered under the electronmicroscope. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusion \u0000The blood perfusion of the ischemic region of cerebrum could be significantly recovered by using fonzylane. There was no intracerebral steal phenomenon. In the mean time fonzylane, as a mild calcium antagonist and activitor of SOD, could reduce or might avoid the reperfusion damage. The results indicated that further clinical investigations on the treatment of HIE neonates with Fonaylane are needed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Rats; Cerebral anoxia; Cerebral ischemia; Pyrrolidines","PeriodicalId":416525,"journal":{"name":"Chinexe Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122747343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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