This paper demonstrates that Oscar Montelius (1843–1921), the world-famous Swedish archaeologist, had a key role in the development of modern scientific Chinese archaeology and the discovery of China’s prehistory. We know that one of his major works, Die Methode , the first volume of his Alteren kulturperioden im Orient und in Europa , translated into Chinese in the 1930s, had considerable influence on generations of Chinese archaeologists and art historians. What has previously remained unknown, is that Montelius personally promoted the research undertaken in China by Johan Gunnar Andersson (1874–1960), whose discoveries of Neolithic cultures in the 1920s constituted the breakthrough and starting point for the development of prehistoric archaeology in China. In this paper, we reproduce, translate and discuss a long forgotten memorandum written by Montelius in 1920 in support of Andersson’s research. In this Montelius indicated his belief in the potential of prehistoric Chinese archaeology as well as his predictions regarding the discoveries about to be made. It is therefore an important document for the study of the history of Chinese archaeology as a whole.
{"title":"Oscar Montelius and Chinese Archaeology","authors":"Xingcan Chen, Magnus Fiskesjö","doi":"10.5334/BHA.2410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA.2410","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates that Oscar Montelius (1843–1921), the world-famous Swedish archaeologist, had a key role in the development of modern scientific Chinese archaeology and the discovery of China’s prehistory. We know that one of his major works, Die Methode , the first volume of his Alteren kulturperioden im Orient und in Europa , translated into Chinese in the 1930s, had considerable influence on generations of Chinese archaeologists and art historians. What has previously remained unknown, is that Montelius personally promoted the research undertaken in China by Johan Gunnar Andersson (1874–1960), whose discoveries of Neolithic cultures in the 1920s constituted the breakthrough and starting point for the development of prehistoric archaeology in China. In this paper, we reproduce, translate and discuss a long forgotten memorandum written by Montelius in 1920 in support of Andersson’s research. In this Montelius indicated his belief in the potential of prehistoric Chinese archaeology as well as his predictions regarding the discoveries about to be made. It is therefore an important document for the study of the history of Chinese archaeology as a whole.","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2014-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA.2410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71063515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Around the beginning of the twentieth century archaeologists believed that Norway was not inhabited until the Late Stone Age. In 1909 two pieces of flint, found by the school-teacher Anders Nummedal, launched an extensive debate about the prehistory of Norway, which in time led to the acknowledgement that there was an Early Mesolithic (9500–8000 BC) settlement of the country. However, Nummedal’s lack of archaeological education worked against him when he tried to date the many flint sites he found later on, and well-established researchers found his theories about Stone Age settlements unconvincing. He was regarded as an unskilled teacher who did not know the first thing about archaeological methods and terminology. Today, Nummedal is considered to be one of the most influential participants in Norwegian Stone Age research, and his discoveries are well known and widely recognized. This paper describes Nummedal’s fight to transform his reputation from ridiculed amateur to respected professional. The resistance he met when presenting his sensational theories is detailed through an extensive review of letters, newspaper articles and eulogies written by his colleagues.
{"title":"‘A Discovery of Quite Exceptional Proportions’: Controversies in the Wake of Anders Nummedal’s Discoveries of Norway’s First Inhabitants","authors":"H. M. Breivik, E. G. Ellingsen","doi":"10.5334/BHA.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA.249","url":null,"abstract":"Around the beginning of the twentieth century archaeologists believed that Norway was not inhabited until the Late Stone Age. In 1909 two pieces of flint, found by the school-teacher Anders Nummedal, launched an extensive debate about the prehistory of Norway, which in time led to the acknowledgement that there was an Early Mesolithic (9500–8000 BC) settlement of the country. However, Nummedal’s lack of archaeological education worked against him when he tried to date the many flint sites he found later on, and well-established researchers found his theories about Stone Age settlements unconvincing. He was regarded as an unskilled teacher who did not know the first thing about archaeological methods and terminology. Today, Nummedal is considered to be one of the most influential participants in Norwegian Stone Age research, and his discoveries are well known and widely recognized. This paper describes Nummedal’s fight to transform his reputation from ridiculed amateur to respected professional. The resistance he met when presenting his sensational theories is detailed through an extensive review of letters, newspaper articles and eulogies written by his colleagues.","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2014-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA.249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71064630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article details a correction to article Kallen, A and Hegardt, J 2014. A Cosmopolitan History of Archaeology: The Olov Janse Case. Bulletin of the History of Archaeology 24:7 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/bha.247
{"title":"Correction: A Cosmopolitan History of Archaeology: The Olov Janse Case","authors":"Anna Källén, Johan Hegardt","doi":"10.5334/BHA.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA.248","url":null,"abstract":"This article details a correction to article Kallen, A and Hegardt, J 2014. A Cosmopolitan History of Archaeology: The Olov Janse Case. Bulletin of the History of Archaeology 24:7 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/bha.247","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2014-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA.248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71064607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The life of international archaeologist Olov Janse (1892–1985) demonstrates the complexity of personal identify formation. Janse worked in Europe, Scandinavia, South East Asia and North America, sp ...
{"title":"A Cosmopolitan History of Archaeology: The Olov Janse Case","authors":"Anna Källén, Johan Hegardt","doi":"10.5334/BHA.247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA.247","url":null,"abstract":"The life of international archaeologist Olov Janse (1892–1985) demonstrates the complexity of personal identify formation. Janse worked in Europe, Scandinavia, South East Asia and North America, sp ...","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2014-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA.247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71064428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes a set of records from the State Archive of Palermo, that detail the experiences of Antonio Filippello, who, in 1818, unintentionally discovered some ancient coins during building renovations on his property in the small town of Castiglione (near Catania) and was unfairly arrested by local authorities. The records help to precisely reconstruct the historical event and to clarify significant aspects of Sicilian archaeology during the early Bourbon period, with regard to the enforcement of laws on archaeological heritage protection, the ambiguous role of the local and state authorities, and their potential abuse of power when dealing with serendipitous discoverers of antiquities. Filippello’s experiences can be compared with other contemporary events, to better understand their similarities and differences, and significance.
{"title":"The Accidental archaeologist : the unfortunate case of Antonio Filippello and the coin hoard of Castiglione (Catania, Sicily, 1818)","authors":"A. Crisà","doi":"10.5334/BHA.246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA.246","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a set of records from the State Archive of Palermo, that detail the experiences of Antonio Filippello, who, in 1818, unintentionally discovered some ancient coins during building renovations on his property in the small town of Castiglione (near Catania) and was unfairly arrested by local authorities. The records help to precisely reconstruct the historical event and to clarify significant aspects of Sicilian archaeology during the early Bourbon period, with regard to the enforcement of laws on archaeological heritage protection, the ambiguous role of the local and state authorities, and their potential abuse of power when dealing with serendipitous discoverers of antiquities. Filippello’s experiences can be compared with other contemporary events, to better understand their similarities and differences, and significance.","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2014-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA.246","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71064304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The post-war politics of Italy had an impact on its archaeology and archaeological community. Some attempts at radicalisation were made via the journal Dialoghi di Archeologia , founded in 1967, with the aim of discussing problems and achieving changes within both academic and public archaeology. This paper traces the history of the journal and its legacy.
战后意大利的政治对其考古学和考古界产生了影响。一些激进的尝试是通过1967年成立的《考古对话》(Dialoghi di Archeologia)杂志进行的，该杂志旨在讨论学术和公共考古领域的问题并实现变革。本文追溯了该杂志的历史及其遗产。
{"title":"A Pioneering Experiment: Dialoghi di Archeologia between Marxism and Political Activism","authors":"F. Iacono","doi":"10.5334/BHA.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA.245","url":null,"abstract":"The post-war politics of Italy had an impact on its archaeology and archaeological community. Some attempts at radicalisation were made via the journal Dialoghi di Archeologia , founded in 1967, with the aim of discussing problems and achieving changes within both academic and public archaeology. This paper traces the history of the journal and its legacy.","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2014-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA.245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71064246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper initially explores the impact of the military on the development of British archaeology generally. It then focuses on the career of General Pitt Rivers, whose army background – especially his work in ordnance and when serving as legal prosecutor – fundamentally informed his archaeology, providing the basis for his concept of proof and the adjudication of evidence. Pitt Rivers was an active member of, and contributed to, the collections of the ‘lost’ museum of the Royal United Services Institute. His particular interest was in the study of Primitive Warfare , and he demonstrated its evolution through his ‘typological’ collections of weapons. Finally, given the breadth of military experience and the diverse participation of its members within the discipline, critique is made of Wheeler’s singular formulation of an ‘army-influenced archaeology’.
{"title":"Soldiering Archaeology: Pitt Rivers and ‘Militarism’","authors":"C. Evans","doi":"10.5334/BHA.244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA.244","url":null,"abstract":"This paper initially explores the impact of the military on the development of British archaeology generally. It then focuses on the career of General Pitt Rivers, whose army background – especially his work in ordnance and when serving as legal prosecutor – fundamentally informed his archaeology, providing the basis for his concept of proof and the adjudication of evidence. Pitt Rivers was an active member of, and contributed to, the collections of the ‘lost’ museum of the Royal United Services Institute. His particular interest was in the study of Primitive Warfare , and he demonstrated its evolution through his ‘typological’ collections of weapons. Finally, given the breadth of military experience and the diverse participation of its members within the discipline, critique is made of Wheeler’s singular formulation of an ‘army-influenced archaeology’.","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2014-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA.244","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71064180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is a highly personal description of the character and work of the great French archaeologist Francois Bordes, with whom Sackett worked for over twenty years. A native of France’s Perigord region, the prehistory of which he explored for most of his career, Bordes regarded himself as a ‘journeyman field worker’ or ‘homme de terrain’. However his contributions to Palaeolithic archaeology had an impact on the whole of the prehistory of Eurasia and beyond. This was the result of his innovative approaches to excavation and to the analysis of stone tool assemblages. Bordes participated in, and enjoyed debating the controversies between archaeological method and theory – and unfortunately, he also promoted factionalism within the French archaeological community.
{"title":"François Bordes and the Old Stone Age","authors":"J. Sackett","doi":"10.5334/BHA.243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA.243","url":null,"abstract":"This is a highly personal description of the character and work of the great French archaeologist Francois Bordes, with whom Sackett worked for over twenty years. A native of France’s Perigord region, the prehistory of which he explored for most of his career, Bordes regarded himself as a ‘journeyman field worker’ or ‘homme de terrain’. However his contributions to Palaeolithic archaeology had an impact on the whole of the prehistory of Eurasia and beyond. This was the result of his innovative approaches to excavation and to the analysis of stone tool assemblages. Bordes participated in, and enjoyed debating the controversies between archaeological method and theory – and unfortunately, he also promoted factionalism within the French archaeological community.","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2014-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA.243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71064474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Why did Boucher de Perthes’ discoveries of handaxes in the Somme River’s gravels need to be verified by English geologist Joseph Prestwich, and antiquarian John Evans, before members of the French Academy of Sciences changed their minds about evidence for the antiquity of humanity? The problem was not with the evidence itself, but with the way Boucher de Perthes interpreted and published it. Teetotal, but an over-imaginative Romantic, a provincial bureaucrat and an antiquarian scholar, an autodidact, and a generous provider of charity to local workers and early advocate for women’s education, Boucher de Perthes was not only eccentric and remarkable, but also his own worst enemy. He was easily dismissed by the scientific elite of Paris until more handaxes were found at other sites and in different countries, and were recognised as being similar to those found at Abbeville.
{"title":"Boucher de Perthes and the Discovery of Human Antiquity","authors":"J. Sackett","doi":"10.5334/BHA.242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA.242","url":null,"abstract":"Why did Boucher de Perthes’ discoveries of handaxes in the Somme River’s gravels need to be verified by English geologist Joseph Prestwich, and antiquarian John Evans, before members of the French Academy of Sciences changed their minds about evidence for the antiquity of humanity? The problem was not with the evidence itself, but with the way Boucher de Perthes interpreted and published it. Teetotal, but an over-imaginative Romantic, a provincial bureaucrat and an antiquarian scholar, an autodidact, and a generous provider of charity to local workers and early advocate for women’s education, Boucher de Perthes was not only eccentric and remarkable, but also his own worst enemy. He was easily dismissed by the scientific elite of Paris until more handaxes were found at other sites and in different countries, and were recognised as being similar to those found at Abbeville.","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2014-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA.242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71063758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lydia Carr improves our understanding of the nature and exact balance of Tessa Wheeler’s archaeological partnership with her husband, R. E. M. Wheeler so that Tessa’s work might finally be appreciated on its own merits. She also uses Tessa’s career as a ‘ point d’appui for a greater understanding of the female role in British archaeology prior to the Second World War’.
{"title":"A Review of 'Tessa Verney Wheeler: Women and Archaeology Before World War Two'","authors":"S. Leach","doi":"10.5334/BHA.2325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA.2325","url":null,"abstract":"Lydia Carr improves our understanding of the nature and exact balance of Tessa Wheeler’s archaeological partnership with her husband, R. E. M. Wheeler so that Tessa’s work might finally be appreciated on its own merits. She also uses Tessa’s career as a ‘ point d’appui for a greater understanding of the female role in British archaeology prior to the Second World War’.","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2013-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA.2325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71063287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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