This excellent book continues a recent burst of quality publications that link the histories, archaeologies and ethnographies of indigenous North Americans – predominantly in the west and south west of the continental United States.
{"title":"A Review of 'Becoming White Clay: A History and Archaeology of Jicarilla Apache Enclavement'","authors":"T. Murray","doi":"10.5334/BHA.2326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA.2326","url":null,"abstract":"This excellent book continues a recent burst of quality publications that link the histories, archaeologies and ethnographies of indigenous North Americans – predominantly in the west and south west of the continental United States.","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2013-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA.2326","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71063400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is a large work of more than a thousand pages that undertakes an in-depth biographical study of Carlos Benito Gonzalez de Posada, an antiquarian who lived in the politically troubled decades of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The authors, Prof. Jose Remesal, a professor of Ancient History at the University of Barcelona and a member of the Royal Academy of History, and the researcher, Josep Maria Perez, are both connected to the CEIPAC, one of the most active research centres for the study of antiquity (ceipac.gh.ub.es/).
这是一部一千多页的巨著，对卡洛斯·贝尼托·冈萨雷斯·德·波萨达(Carlos Benito Gonzalez de Posada)进行了深入的传记研究，他是一位古物学家，生活在18世纪末和19世纪初政治动荡的几十年里。作者Jose Remesal教授是巴塞罗那大学古代史教授和皇家历史学院成员，研究员Josep Maria Perez都与CEIPAC有联系，CEIPAC是最活跃的古代研究中心之一(CEIPAC . h.ub.es/)。
{"title":"A Review of 'Carlos Benito González de Posada (1745–1831): Vida y obra de un ilustrado entre Asturias y Cataluña'","authors":"M. Díaz-Andreu","doi":"10.5334/BHA.2327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA.2327","url":null,"abstract":"This is a large work of more than a thousand pages that undertakes an in-depth biographical study of Carlos Benito Gonzalez de Posada, an antiquarian who lived in the politically troubled decades of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The authors, Prof. Jose Remesal, a professor of Ancient History at the University of Barcelona and a member of the Royal Academy of History, and the researcher, Josep Maria Perez, are both connected to the CEIPAC, one of the most active research centres for the study of antiquity (ceipac.gh.ub.es/).","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2013-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA.2327","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71063606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
What were the origins of the ‘Chicago method’ of scientific excavation? What is it and how did it get that name? Does its origin predate its popular employment at excavations in the USA during the 1930s and 1940s, and go back to institutional competition between Frederic Ward Putnam of the Field Museum and Frederick Starr of the University of Chicago? Or was it the result of the fieldwork of avocational archaeologist and one of Putnam’s first students, William Baker Nickerson, who implemented it as the basis of his fieldwork, and proved its efficacy, for many years before he retired in 1921? Nickerson’s detailed notes on the results of his thorough stratigraphic excavation techniques, used at many archaeological sites in Iowa, Illinois, Ohio and Minnesota, were passed on to the first University of Chicago field party doing archaeological work in Illinois, that consequently became the foundations of the later ‘Chicago method’.
{"title":"The Origin of the ‘Chicago Method’ Excavation Techniques: Contributions of William Nickerson and Frederick Starr","authors":"D. Browman","doi":"10.5334/BHA.2324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA.2324","url":null,"abstract":"What were the origins of the ‘Chicago method’ of scientific excavation? What is it and how did it get that name? Does its origin predate its popular employment at excavations in the USA during the 1930s and 1940s, and go back to institutional competition between Frederic Ward Putnam of the Field Museum and Frederick Starr of the University of Chicago? Or was it the result of the fieldwork of avocational archaeologist and one of Putnam’s first students, William Baker Nickerson, who implemented it as the basis of his fieldwork, and proved its efficacy, for many years before he retired in 1921? Nickerson’s detailed notes on the results of his thorough stratigraphic excavation techniques, used at many archaeological sites in Iowa, Illinois, Ohio and Minnesota, were passed on to the first University of Chicago field party doing archaeological work in Illinois, that consequently became the foundations of the later ‘Chicago method’.","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2013-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA.2324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71063259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the early nineteenth century European archaeologists were formulating new ideas about the significance of ancient stone artefacts. Some, such as Christian Thomsen in Copenhagen, believed that in Scandinavia, a Stone Age had preceded the Bronze and Iron Ages. In France some excavations had retrieved stone artefacts from deep levels of peat and cave deposits that suggested that these objects were of very great antiquity. While the collection and study of stone artefacts occurred across much of Europe, there were regional variations in their interpretation. Assisted by local institutions and motivated by patriotism, Belgian archaeologists who participated in this research, had much in common with their colleagues elsewhere in Europe, but the nature of local archaeological sites and the ideas of local researchers had an impact on the development and contributions of Belgian prehistoric archaeology.
{"title":"The Study of Prehistoric Artefacts in National Context: Belgian Archaeologists and the Problem of Ancient Stone Implements","authors":"M. Goodrum","doi":"10.5334/BHA.2322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA.2322","url":null,"abstract":"During the early nineteenth century European archaeologists were formulating new ideas about the significance of ancient stone artefacts. Some, such as Christian Thomsen in Copenhagen, believed that in Scandinavia, a Stone Age had preceded the Bronze and Iron Ages. In France some excavations had retrieved stone artefacts from deep levels of peat and cave deposits that suggested that these objects were of very great antiquity. While the collection and study of stone artefacts occurred across much of Europe, there were regional variations in their interpretation. Assisted by local institutions and motivated by patriotism, Belgian archaeologists who participated in this research, had much in common with their colleagues elsewhere in Europe, but the nature of local archaeological sites and the ideas of local researchers had an impact on the development and contributions of Belgian prehistoric archaeology.","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2013-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA.2322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71063026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper critically evaluates the social and intellectual influences which shaped Samuel Lysons’ (1763–1819) interests in the archaeological remains of Roman Britain, and assesses the extent to which his work was innovative. While Romano-British archaeologists have long admired his achievements, there has been no detailed examination of the factors influencing the development of his interests and approach. This paper will outline how Lysons’ social networks, his genuine concern for preserving and recording Romano-British remains, his broad scholarly interests, and the support of an intellectual elite involved with the expansion of national institutions during a period characterized by intense international rivalry, resulted in his exemplary approach to the excavation and publication of the remains of Roman Britain. Scrutiny of newspaper reports, diaries, correspondence, and the previously unpublished contents of his personal library, and an examination of his publications in relation to contemporary Classical and scientific scholarship, shows how and why his work was at the forefront of archaeological scholarship in this period. The results of this study support his reputation as a founding father of Romano-British archaeology and show that both he and his associates deserve far wider recognition of their contributions to the development of archaeology as a whole.
{"title":"Samuel Lysons and His Circle: Art, Science and the Remains of Roman Britain","authors":"Sarah Scott","doi":"10.5334/BHA.2323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA.2323","url":null,"abstract":"This paper critically evaluates the social and intellectual influences which shaped Samuel Lysons’ (1763–1819) interests in the archaeological remains of Roman Britain, and assesses the extent to which his work was innovative. While Romano-British archaeologists have long admired his achievements, there has been no detailed examination of the factors influencing the development of his interests and approach. This paper will outline how Lysons’ social networks, his genuine concern for preserving and recording Romano-British remains, his broad scholarly interests, and the support of an intellectual elite involved with the expansion of national institutions during a period characterized by intense international rivalry, resulted in his exemplary approach to the excavation and publication of the remains of Roman Britain. Scrutiny of newspaper reports, diaries, correspondence, and the previously unpublished contents of his personal library, and an examination of his publications in relation to contemporary Classical and scientific scholarship, shows how and why his work was at the forefront of archaeological scholarship in this period. The results of this study support his reputation as a founding father of Romano-British archaeology and show that both he and his associates deserve far wider recognition of their contributions to the development of archaeology as a whole.","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2013-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA.2323","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71063157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review of McNabb's book","authors":"T. Murray","doi":"10.5334/BHA.2316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA.2316","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2013-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA.2316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71062976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Estimated at more than 70,000 images, the documentary archive of the former Laboratoire d’Anthropologie in Rennes, created by Pierre-Roland Giot during the 1950s, includes drawings on various media, photographic negatives on plate glass, films, slides and paper photos, the oldest of which date from the second half of the nineteenth century. These documents are an exceptional source of information for understanding the emergence of prehistory and archaeology in Brittany and, by extension, France. Most of the early documentary material was generated by the Groupe Finisterien d’Etudes Prehistoriques (GFEP) established at the Musee de Prehistoire de Penmarc’h. P-R. Giot (1919–2002), last surviving member of this group, preserved the GFEP archives and integrated them into the Laboratoire d’Anthropologie. His own research activity during the whole second half of the twentieth century, as well as the contributions of researchers such as J. Briard and J. L’Helgouac’h, led to continual additions of material to the dataset. The ICARE (Iconographie et Collections d’Anthropologie de Rennes) Project aims at analysing, preserving and disseminating this priceless source of information.
前雷恩人类学实验室的档案档案由皮埃尔-罗兰·乔(Pierre-Roland Giot)在20世纪50年代创建，估计有7万多幅图像，包括各种媒体上的绘画、平板玻璃上的摄影底片、电影、幻灯片和纸质照片，其中最古老的可以追溯到19世纪下半叶。这些文件是了解布列塔尼乃至法国史前和考古出现的特殊信息来源。大部分早期文献资料是由彭马克史前博物馆设立的史前研究完成小组(GFEP)编制的。P-R。乔特(1919-2002)是该小组最后一位幸存的成员，他保存了GFEP的档案，并将它们整合到人类实验室。他自己在整个20世纪下半叶的研究活动，以及J. Briard和J. L 'Helgouac 'h等研究人员的贡献，导致数据集的材料不断增加。ICARE(雷恩人类学图像与收藏)项目旨在分析、保存和传播这一无价的信息来源。
{"title":"The ICARE Project: Insights into the Formation and Consolidation of Archaeology in Western France (ca. 1850–1990)","authors":"Elias Lopez-Romero, Marie-Yvane Daire","doi":"10.5334/BHA.2313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA.2313","url":null,"abstract":"Estimated at more than 70,000 images, the documentary archive of the former Laboratoire d’Anthropologie in Rennes, created by Pierre-Roland Giot during the 1950s, includes drawings on various media, photographic negatives on plate glass, films, slides and paper photos, the oldest of which date from the second half of the nineteenth century. These documents are an exceptional source of information for understanding the emergence of prehistory and archaeology in Brittany and, by extension, France. Most of the early documentary material was generated by the Groupe Finisterien d’Etudes Prehistoriques (GFEP) established at the Musee de Prehistoire de Penmarc’h. P-R. Giot (1919–2002), last surviving member of this group, preserved the GFEP archives and integrated them into the Laboratoire d’Anthropologie. His own research activity during the whole second half of the twentieth century, as well as the contributions of researchers such as J. Briard and J. L’Helgouac’h, led to continual additions of material to the dataset. The ICARE (Iconographie et Collections d’Anthropologie de Rennes) Project aims at analysing, preserving and disseminating this priceless source of information.","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":"23 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2013-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA.2313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71062896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the rediscovery of the ancient Etruscans, in central Italy, during the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries AD. Knowledge about the Etruscans from this earlier period was overshadowed by the interest in Etruscan antiquities promoted by Pope Leo X (1513–1521) and Cosimo I de Medici (1519–1574) during the late Renaissance. I argue that the sixteenth century appropriation of the Etruscan past would not have been possible without the discoveries of earlier generations of Tuscans, and, more particularly, without a reversal in attitudes towards the Etruscan past that began during the late thirteenth century. Prior to this, the Etruscans were perceived negatively, as allied to darkness and paganism. In this paper, I argue that this change in the perception of the Etruscans was closely allied to the particular political situation of the city-state of Florence, and that the origins of Etruscan archaeology can be elucidated in the centre of the maelstrom of war, famine and plague that characterised the fourteenth century in central Italy.
{"title":"Guelphs, Ghibellines and Etruscans: Archaeological Discoveries and Civic Identity in Late Medieval and Early Renaissance Tuscany","authors":"Lucy Shipley","doi":"10.5334/BHA.2314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA.2314","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the rediscovery of the ancient Etruscans, in central Italy, during the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries AD. Knowledge about the Etruscans from this earlier period was overshadowed by the interest in Etruscan antiquities promoted by Pope Leo X (1513–1521) and Cosimo I de Medici (1519–1574) during the late Renaissance. I argue that the sixteenth century appropriation of the Etruscan past would not have been possible without the discoveries of earlier generations of Tuscans, and, more particularly, without a reversal in attitudes towards the Etruscan past that began during the late thirteenth century. Prior to this, the Etruscans were perceived negatively, as allied to darkness and paganism. In this paper, I argue that this change in the perception of the Etruscans was closely allied to the particular political situation of the city-state of Florence, and that the origins of Etruscan archaeology can be elucidated in the centre of the maelstrom of war, famine and plague that characterised the fourteenth century in central Italy.","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":"23 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2013-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA.2314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71062961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the origins of British Anglo-Saxon archaeology by focusing on the work of one early Victorian archaeologist: Richard Cornwallis Neville. The seemingly descriptive and parochial nature of Neville’s archaeological pursuits, together with the attention he afforded to Romano-British remains, has impeded due recognition, and critical scrutiny, of his contributions to the development of early Medieval burial archaeology. Using his archaeological publications as source material, I will show how Neville’s interpretations of Saxon graves were a form of memory work, defining his personal, familial and martial identity in relation to the landscape and locality of his aristocratic home at Audley End, near Saffron Walden, Essex. Subsequently, I argue that Neville’s prehistoric and Romano-British discoveries reveal his repeated concern with the end of Roman Britain and its barbarian successors. Finally, embodied within Neville’s descriptions of early Medieval graves and their location we can identify a pervasive Anglo-Saxonism. Together these strands of argument combine to reveal how, for Neville, Saxon graves constituted a hitherto unwritten first chapter of English history that could be elucidated through material culture and landscape.
{"title":"Saxon Obsequies: the Early Medieval Archaeology of Richard Cornwallis Neville","authors":"H. Williams","doi":"10.5334/BHA.2312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA.2312","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the origins of British Anglo-Saxon archaeology by focusing on the work of one early Victorian archaeologist: Richard Cornwallis Neville. The seemingly descriptive and parochial nature of Neville’s archaeological pursuits, together with the attention he afforded to Romano-British remains, has impeded due recognition, and critical scrutiny, of his contributions to the development of early Medieval burial archaeology. Using his archaeological publications as source material, I will show how Neville’s interpretations of Saxon graves were a form of memory work, defining his personal, familial and martial identity in relation to the landscape and locality of his aristocratic home at Audley End, near Saffron Walden, Essex. Subsequently, I argue that Neville’s prehistoric and Romano-British discoveries reveal his repeated concern with the end of Roman Britain and its barbarian successors. Finally, embodied within Neville’s descriptions of early Medieval graves and their location we can identify a pervasive Anglo-Saxonism. Together these strands of argument combine to reveal how, for Neville, Saxon graves constituted a hitherto unwritten first chapter of English history that could be elucidated through material culture and landscape.","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":"23 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2013-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA.2312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71062815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ola Wolfhechel Jensen (ed.) 2012 Histories of Archaeological Practices. Reflections on Methods, Strategies and Social Organisation in Past Fieldwork.","authors":"T. Murray","doi":"10.5334/BHA.22205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/BHA.22205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41664,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the History of Archaeology","volume":"22 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2012-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5334/BHA.22205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71063002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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