This study was set to examine the determinants of financial performance of pension funds in Tanzania. According to literature millions of the people under the globe depend on the pension funds as their principal sources of income at their retirement age. This study adopted a descriptive design to examine the determinants of financial performance of pension funds in Tanzania. The study uses regression analysis approach to examine the effect of determinants on financial performance of pension funds. Data were collected from National Social Security Fund (NSSF)’s financial statements for the period from 2005 to 2022. Different tests were employed such as normality test, heteroscedasticity test multicolliniality test and autocorrelation test in multiple regression modelling. The findings from this study revealed that investments and contribution density have a positive relationship to return on assets. However, the age of the contributors has depicted a weak and insignificant relationship to the return on assets of the pension fund under investigation. Therefore, it is recommended that the pension funds have to put more efforts on its investments as well as contribution density which are key contributors to the financial performance of pension funds in Tanzania.
{"title":"Determinants of financial performance of pension funds in Tanzania: The case of national social security fund","authors":"Nafisa Hamis Twalib, Moga Tano Jilenga","doi":"10.18488/62.v11i2.3689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/62.v11i2.3689","url":null,"abstract":"This study was set to examine the determinants of financial performance of pension funds in Tanzania. According to literature millions of the people under the globe depend on the pension funds as their principal sources of income at their retirement age. This study adopted a descriptive design to examine the determinants of financial performance of pension funds in Tanzania. The study uses regression analysis approach to examine the effect of determinants on financial performance of pension funds. Data were collected from National Social Security Fund (NSSF)’s financial statements for the period from 2005 to 2022. Different tests were employed such as normality test, heteroscedasticity test multicolliniality test and autocorrelation test in multiple regression modelling. The findings from this study revealed that investments and contribution density have a positive relationship to return on assets. However, the age of the contributors has depicted a weak and insignificant relationship to the return on assets of the pension fund under investigation. Therefore, it is recommended that the pension funds have to put more efforts on its investments as well as contribution density which are key contributors to the financial performance of pension funds in Tanzania.","PeriodicalId":416720,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business, Economics and Management","volume":"115 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140380211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main purpose of this study is to determine the presence and timing of the structural breaks in the stock market returns and investigate their impact on the relationship between the macroeconomic variables (namely the inflation rate, the exchange rate, the oil prices) and the stock market returns of a sample of Arab countries facing political and economic instability, namely (Syria, Egypt, Tunisia and Bahrain), during the period (2010-2020). CUSUM test is performed in order to test the presence of structural breaks in stock market indexes. In case there is evidence of structural breaks, Bai and Perron Multiple Breakpoints test is used to identify points in time where significant changes may have occurred. The timing of structural breaks is used as a control variable to examine the impact of the macroeconomic variables on the stock market returns through applying Johansen cointegration test. The results provide evidence of the presence and timing of the structural breaks in the Arab stock markets under study and their role in impacting the relationship between the macroeconomic variables and stock market returns. The study concluded that the dynamics of how the macroeconomic variables affecting the stock market returns depends on the nature and timing of the structural break.
{"title":"The impact of macroeconomic variables on stock market returns: Evidence from a sample of Arabic countries facing political and economic instability","authors":"Radwan Alammar, Almougheer Wardeh","doi":"10.18488/62.v11i1.3633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/62.v11i1.3633","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this study is to determine the presence and timing of the structural breaks in the stock market returns and investigate their impact on the relationship between the macroeconomic variables (namely the inflation rate, the exchange rate, the oil prices) and the stock market returns of a sample of Arab countries facing political and economic instability, namely (Syria, Egypt, Tunisia and Bahrain), during the period (2010-2020). CUSUM test is performed in order to test the presence of structural breaks in stock market indexes. In case there is evidence of structural breaks, Bai and Perron Multiple Breakpoints test is used to identify points in time where significant changes may have occurred. The timing of structural breaks is used as a control variable to examine the impact of the macroeconomic variables on the stock market returns through applying Johansen cointegration test. The results provide evidence of the presence and timing of the structural breaks in the Arab stock markets under study and their role in impacting the relationship between the macroeconomic variables and stock market returns. The study concluded that the dynamics of how the macroeconomic variables affecting the stock market returns depends on the nature and timing of the structural break.","PeriodicalId":416720,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business, Economics and Management","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139798947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main purpose of this study is to determine the presence and timing of the structural breaks in the stock market returns and investigate their impact on the relationship between the macroeconomic variables (namely the inflation rate, the exchange rate, the oil prices) and the stock market returns of a sample of Arab countries facing political and economic instability, namely (Syria, Egypt, Tunisia and Bahrain), during the period (2010-2020). CUSUM test is performed in order to test the presence of structural breaks in stock market indexes. In case there is evidence of structural breaks, Bai and Perron Multiple Breakpoints test is used to identify points in time where significant changes may have occurred. The timing of structural breaks is used as a control variable to examine the impact of the macroeconomic variables on the stock market returns through applying Johansen cointegration test. The results provide evidence of the presence and timing of the structural breaks in the Arab stock markets under study and their role in impacting the relationship between the macroeconomic variables and stock market returns. The study concluded that the dynamics of how the macroeconomic variables affecting the stock market returns depends on the nature and timing of the structural break.
{"title":"The impact of macroeconomic variables on stock market returns: Evidence from a sample of Arabic countries facing political and economic instability","authors":"Radwan Alammar, Almougheer Wardeh","doi":"10.18488/62.v11i1.3633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/62.v11i1.3633","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this study is to determine the presence and timing of the structural breaks in the stock market returns and investigate their impact on the relationship between the macroeconomic variables (namely the inflation rate, the exchange rate, the oil prices) and the stock market returns of a sample of Arab countries facing political and economic instability, namely (Syria, Egypt, Tunisia and Bahrain), during the period (2010-2020). CUSUM test is performed in order to test the presence of structural breaks in stock market indexes. In case there is evidence of structural breaks, Bai and Perron Multiple Breakpoints test is used to identify points in time where significant changes may have occurred. The timing of structural breaks is used as a control variable to examine the impact of the macroeconomic variables on the stock market returns through applying Johansen cointegration test. The results provide evidence of the presence and timing of the structural breaks in the Arab stock markets under study and their role in impacting the relationship between the macroeconomic variables and stock market returns. The study concluded that the dynamics of how the macroeconomic variables affecting the stock market returns depends on the nature and timing of the structural break.","PeriodicalId":416720,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business, Economics and Management","volume":"197 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139858843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was set to provide a response to the following question: What is the relationship between the gender of CEO successor and firm performance? We analyzed data from 4,338 CEO successions in companies listed in China Stock Exchanges from 2001 to 2016. We utilized Propensity Score Estimation for multiple treatments to operationalize different gender combinations in CEO succession (male-to-male, male-to-female, female-to-male, female-to-female). Findings suggested that it is CEO succession with different gender instead of a female successor that hurts firm performance. We also found that the power of female successors serves as a moderator: it can mitigate the negative impact of different-gender CEO succession on firm performance. The results also indicated that firm ownership (state-owned vs. non-state owned) influences the relationship between female-male CEO succession and firm performance. Practical implications: The findings imply that the gender of the CEO per se may not be the prime factor in firm performance, instead what firms should pay attention at is to smoothen the succession processes when a CEO of different gender is appointed.
本研究旨在回答以下问题：首席执行官继任者的性别与公司业绩之间有什么关系？我们分析了 2001 年至 2016 年中国证券交易所上市公司中 4,338 位 CEO 继任者的数据。我们采用倾向得分估计法进行多重处理，以操作CEO继任中的不同性别组合（男-男、男-女、女-男、女-女）。研究结果表明，不同性别的首席执行官继任者而不是女性继任者会损害公司业绩。我们还发现，女性继任者的权力可以起到调节作用：它可以减轻不同性别首席执行官继任对公司业绩的负面影响。研究结果还表明，企业所有权（国有企业与非国有企业）会影响女性-男性首席执行官继任与企业绩效之间的关系。实际意义：研究结果表明，首席执行官的性别本身可能并不是影响企业绩效的首要因素，相反，企业应该注意的是在任命不同性别的首席执行官时，如何使继任过程更加顺畅。
{"title":"CEO gender and firm performance: It is the predecessor-successor gender combination that matters!","authors":"N. Bozionelos, Yingbing Lan, Yifan Xu","doi":"10.18488/62.v10i4.3527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/62.v10i4.3527","url":null,"abstract":"This study was set to provide a response to the following question: What is the relationship between the gender of CEO successor and firm performance? We analyzed data from 4,338 CEO successions in companies listed in China Stock Exchanges from 2001 to 2016. We utilized Propensity Score Estimation for multiple treatments to operationalize different gender combinations in CEO succession (male-to-male, male-to-female, female-to-male, female-to-female). Findings suggested that it is CEO succession with different gender instead of a female successor that hurts firm performance. We also found that the power of female successors serves as a moderator: it can mitigate the negative impact of different-gender CEO succession on firm performance. The results also indicated that firm ownership (state-owned vs. non-state owned) influences the relationship between female-male CEO succession and firm performance. Practical implications: The findings imply that the gender of the CEO per se may not be the prime factor in firm performance, instead what firms should pay attention at is to smoothen the succession processes when a CEO of different gender is appointed.","PeriodicalId":416720,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business, Economics and Management","volume":"110 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139243515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The term ESG emerged in the report of the Global Compact (UN) in partnership with the World Bank, entitled Who Cares Wins: Connecting Financial Markets to a Changing World. However, the concept and measurement associated with ESG is not a fixed concept and there is no consensus on the exact list of issues and their materiality, but it is certain that it affects the value creation of a company. In 2006, a grouping was created, incorporating the foreign policy of Brazil, Russia, India and China, the bloc focuses on solving socioeconomic problems and using its competitive advantages, the BRICS has a proposal for sustainable development and consequently ESG. This study is justified by the fact that several empirical evidences show the benefits of the ESG agenda in the market, however, there is a gap when considering developing countries. In this article, a comparison was made between returns and performances through the average return, then the risk measurement measures are presented, namely variance, standard deviation, volatility and value at risk, in addition to the calculation of covariance, correlation, beta and drawdown, with data from the MSCI ESG Leaders index. We confirm the theory of long-term gains since in the period studied the average profitability of the ESG indices were higher in all countries compared to the broad index. As for volatility risk measures, our study confirmed the hypothesis that the risks of larger companies are greater than those of ESG companies.
{"title":"The BRICS in the sustainable agenda: Performance analysis of ESG indices in the financial markets in Brazil, China, India and South Africa","authors":"João José de Farias Neto, I. Fontgalland","doi":"10.18488/62.v10i1.3325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/62.v10i1.3325","url":null,"abstract":"The term ESG emerged in the report of the Global Compact (UN) in partnership with the World Bank, entitled Who Cares Wins: Connecting Financial Markets to a Changing World. However, the concept and measurement associated with ESG is not a fixed concept and there is no consensus on the exact list of issues and their materiality, but it is certain that it affects the value creation of a company. In 2006, a grouping was created, incorporating the foreign policy of Brazil, Russia, India and China, the bloc focuses on solving socioeconomic problems and using its competitive advantages, the BRICS has a proposal for sustainable development and consequently ESG. This study is justified by the fact that several empirical evidences show the benefits of the ESG agenda in the market, however, there is a gap when considering developing countries. In this article, a comparison was made between returns and performances through the average return, then the risk measurement measures are presented, namely variance, standard deviation, volatility and value at risk, in addition to the calculation of covariance, correlation, beta and drawdown, with data from the MSCI ESG Leaders index. We confirm the theory of long-term gains since in the period studied the average profitability of the ESG indices were higher in all countries compared to the broad index. As for volatility risk measures, our study confirmed the hypothesis that the risks of larger companies are greater than those of ESG companies.","PeriodicalId":416720,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business, Economics and Management","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122285297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The financial status of a company can be measured and predicted using a variety of tools, techniques, and models like ratio analysis, vertical and horizontal analysis, etc. The objective of this study is to identify the bankruptcy position of Bangladeshi-listed cement companies. The Altman Z-Score model has been used here to assess the intensity of insolvency of Bangladeshi cement businesses with listings on Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) considering financial information from 2018 to 2021 using Altman Z-Score model. The data has been analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 28.0.1.1) and also Microsoft excel. DSE currently lists seven (07) cement companies. According to the research, Heidelberg Cement Limited and Lafarge Holcim Bangladesh Limited are in the secure region having the maximum Z value of 33.47 and the minimum Z value is 3.17. Confidence Cement Limited, Meghna Cement Limited and Crown Cement Limited in 2021 are in the grey region having the maximum Z value of 2.71 and the minimum Z value of 1.82. Aramit Cement Limited, Crown Cement Limited, and Premier Cement Mills Limited are in the bankrupt region having the Z value of less than 1.80. These three companies must outperform in sales with the improvement in operational costs to overcome bankruptcy. We found a positive correlation between all of the five independent variables and the dependent variable (Z Score).
{"title":"Predicting the Bankruptcy of Cement Companies in Bangladesh: A Study on Dhaka Stock Exchange","authors":"E. Hoque, T. Hossain, Trina Saha","doi":"10.18488/62.v9i5.3207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/62.v9i5.3207","url":null,"abstract":"The financial status of a company can be measured and predicted using a variety of tools, techniques, and models like ratio analysis, vertical and horizontal analysis, etc. The objective of this study is to identify the bankruptcy position of Bangladeshi-listed cement companies. The Altman Z-Score model has been used here to assess the intensity of insolvency of Bangladeshi cement businesses with listings on Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) considering financial information from 2018 to 2021 using Altman Z-Score model. The data has been analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 28.0.1.1) and also Microsoft excel. DSE currently lists seven (07) cement companies. According to the research, Heidelberg Cement Limited and Lafarge Holcim Bangladesh Limited are in the secure region having the maximum Z value of 33.47 and the minimum Z value is 3.17. Confidence Cement Limited, Meghna Cement Limited and Crown Cement Limited in 2021 are in the grey region having the maximum Z value of 2.71 and the minimum Z value of 1.82. Aramit Cement Limited, Crown Cement Limited, and Premier Cement Mills Limited are in the bankrupt region having the Z value of less than 1.80. These three companies must outperform in sales with the improvement in operational costs to overcome bankruptcy. We found a positive correlation between all of the five independent variables and the dependent variable (Z Score).","PeriodicalId":416720,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business, Economics and Management","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130416588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Impact of business regulation alongside its business exchanges assumes a crucial part in the corporate area, regarding permitting commercial licensing. The aim of this investigation was to identify and map the business sector, including merchants, exporters, and joint venture owners, who carry out their operations in accordance with legal permission, regulations, and norms. Both essential and extra information was provided in this research-based learning technique. In the essential phase of the procedure, two surveys were made, each containing things relating to strategy and current legitimate guidelines. For the overview, respondents were approached to recognize any guidelines that affected business exchanges or imports specifically. In an optional technique, a subjective system that utilizes the inductive strategy to get information from the broker's yearly books, multinational companies, authoritative records, shippers and an exporter's authoritative reports, unfamiliar financial backers and particularly from the public authority authorities, who are designated to rehearse the law and its principles of guidelines. The gathered information was inspected utilizing Statistical package for social sciences 21st release content investigation apparatuses and an inductive methodology. In discoveries I observed that the most the organizations are being forced to rehearse the permitting system technique in their business and legitimate customs. Yet, in end alongside these limitations few firms, SMEs and others are yet abusing legitimate and economic accords. Every single corporation and company owner are being pressured by the government to comply with the rules of corporate and business law. In order to provide a clear visual representation of monetary values.
{"title":"Impact of Business Law on Financial Transactions with Perspective to Commercial Licensing Spectrum","authors":"Dawood Ahmad","doi":"10.18488/62.v9i4.3164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/62.v9i4.3164","url":null,"abstract":"Impact of business regulation alongside its business exchanges assumes a crucial part in the corporate area, regarding permitting commercial licensing. The aim of this investigation was to identify and map the business sector, including merchants, exporters, and joint venture owners, who carry out their operations in accordance with legal permission, regulations, and norms. Both essential and extra information was provided in this research-based learning technique. In the essential phase of the procedure, two surveys were made, each containing things relating to strategy and current legitimate guidelines. For the overview, respondents were approached to recognize any guidelines that affected business exchanges or imports specifically. In an optional technique, a subjective system that utilizes the inductive strategy to get information from the broker's yearly books, multinational companies, authoritative records, shippers and an exporter's authoritative reports, unfamiliar financial backers and particularly from the public authority authorities, who are designated to rehearse the law and its principles of guidelines. The gathered information was inspected utilizing Statistical package for social sciences 21st release content investigation apparatuses and an inductive methodology. In discoveries I observed that the most the organizations are being forced to rehearse the permitting system technique in their business and legitimate customs. Yet, in end alongside these limitations few firms, SMEs and others are yet abusing legitimate and economic accords. Every single corporation and company owner are being pressured by the government to comply with the rules of corporate and business law. In order to provide a clear visual representation of monetary values.","PeriodicalId":416720,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business, Economics and Management","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115044342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angélica Pigola, P. R. Costa, L. Carvalho, G. Porto, Alex Fabianne de Paulo
Technologies that involve great part of firms are those based on high analytics information (HAI) technologies as an essential resource for operating different types of businesses. Through HAI patents analysis filed between 2000 and 2020 in the main patent offices in the world, this study aims to understand whether assignees have been developing HAI technologies in cooperation and emerging HAI technologies using social network analysis (SNA). Findings show that HAI patents assignees prioritize half of their developments in R&D internally, and the other half in partnership with other companies, primarily. It is also identified that cooperation relations are between organizations with the same nationality, especially those in South Korean and North American. In addition, United States is the main market of interest even the number of HAI technologies patented have been decreasing over the last five years. Despite this context, the identification of relational capabilities between assignees and the reconfiguration of resources, as a dynamic capability, is evidenced in HAI technologies development. Findings may support to identify HAI that still emerge in different industries, especially in service industry and support strategic Research & Development (R&D) decision-making processes to prioritize investments, identify new partnerships to innovate, or collaborate to develop public policies to foster new HAI technologies development.
{"title":"High Analytics Information Technologies: A Patent-Based Cooperation Network Analysis","authors":"Angélica Pigola, P. R. Costa, L. Carvalho, G. Porto, Alex Fabianne de Paulo","doi":"10.18488/62.v9i4.3163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/62.v9i4.3163","url":null,"abstract":"Technologies that involve great part of firms are those based on high analytics information (HAI) technologies as an essential resource for operating different types of businesses. Through HAI patents analysis filed between 2000 and 2020 in the main patent offices in the world, this study aims to understand whether assignees have been developing HAI technologies in cooperation and emerging HAI technologies using social network analysis (SNA). Findings show that HAI patents assignees prioritize half of their developments in R&D internally, and the other half in partnership with other companies, primarily. It is also identified that cooperation relations are between organizations with the same nationality, especially those in South Korean and North American. In addition, United States is the main market of interest even the number of HAI technologies patented have been decreasing over the last five years. Despite this context, the identification of relational capabilities between assignees and the reconfiguration of resources, as a dynamic capability, is evidenced in HAI technologies development. Findings may support to identify HAI that still emerge in different industries, especially in service industry and support strategic Research & Development (R&D) decision-making processes to prioritize investments, identify new partnerships to innovate, or collaborate to develop public policies to foster new HAI technologies development.","PeriodicalId":416720,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business, Economics and Management","volume":"05 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127195537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to study exchange rate volatility and its impact on exports. We examine using a VECM model the relationship between Moroccan exports and the volatility of the real effective exchange rate, over a period from the first quarter of 2000 to the first quarter of 2017. The methodology adopted takes into account the long-term relationship term between the variables, using the moving standard deviation as a measure of volatility and real-world GDP as a proxy for global demand. Although a large number of empirical studies find that exchange rate volatility tends to reduce the level of foreign trade. Our results indicate that the increase in exchange rate volatility has a positive effect on the demand for Moroccan exports. Also, the short-term dynamics show that the Granger causal effects of volatility on real exports are significant. Moreover, this article joins the empirical studies that confirm the risk-loving behaviour of exporters in the face of risk of fluctuating exchange rates.
{"title":"The Exchange Rate Volatility and Moroccan Exports: An Empirical Investigation","authors":"Achraf Louati, Abdellah Echaoui, Abdelatif Mouatassim","doi":"10.18488/62.v9i4.3070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/62.v9i4.3070","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to study exchange rate volatility and its impact on exports. We examine using a VECM model the relationship between Moroccan exports and the volatility of the real effective exchange rate, over a period from the first quarter of 2000 to the first quarter of 2017. The methodology adopted takes into account the long-term relationship term between the variables, using the moving standard deviation as a measure of volatility and real-world GDP as a proxy for global demand. Although a large number of empirical studies find that exchange rate volatility tends to reduce the level of foreign trade. Our results indicate that the increase in exchange rate volatility has a positive effect on the demand for Moroccan exports. Also, the short-term dynamics show that the Granger causal effects of volatility on real exports are significant. Moreover, this article joins the empirical studies that confirm the risk-loving behaviour of exporters in the face of risk of fluctuating exchange rates.","PeriodicalId":416720,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business, Economics and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128950509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guilherme Arevalo Leal, Luis Paulo Bresciani, Celso Machado
The development of a local pharmaceutical research and development industry is essential to meet the demands of a large country with a large population such as Brazil. This work aims to explore the existing data on the ecosystem of the pharmaceutical industry in this group of countries, and through parameters based on the precursor literature, to identify the innovation factors and the position of Brazil in relation to the other representatives of the BRICS (the leading developing countries in the world). Since the mid-1940s, Brazil has received pharmaceutical multinationals and through government initiatives it has locally reproduced medicines developed abroad when the patents have ended. The BRICS represent the group of emerging countries considered “the big five”, with population capacity and economic growth that tend to boost the global economy in the coming years. The comparative analysis showed that Brazil has a certain lag in fundamental parameters for the existence of a national pharmaceutical R&D industry, having placed behind Russia, India and China, even symbolically by not producing a national vaccine in response to COVID-19.
{"title":"Determining Factors for Pharmaceutical Innovation and the Health Industrial Complex in Brazil and the BRICS","authors":"Guilherme Arevalo Leal, Luis Paulo Bresciani, Celso Machado","doi":"10.18488/62.v9i3.3032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18488/62.v9i3.3032","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a local pharmaceutical research and development industry is essential to meet the demands of a large country with a large population such as Brazil. This work aims to explore the existing data on the ecosystem of the pharmaceutical industry in this group of countries, and through parameters based on the precursor literature, to identify the innovation factors and the position of Brazil in relation to the other representatives of the BRICS (the leading developing countries in the world). Since the mid-1940s, Brazil has received pharmaceutical multinationals and through government initiatives it has locally reproduced medicines developed abroad when the patents have ended. The BRICS represent the group of emerging countries considered “the big five”, with population capacity and economic growth that tend to boost the global economy in the coming years. The comparative analysis showed that Brazil has a certain lag in fundamental parameters for the existence of a national pharmaceutical R&D industry, having placed behind Russia, India and China, even symbolically by not producing a national vaccine in response to COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":416720,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business, Economics and Management","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126745002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：