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Drivers of Adoption: Mechanical Harvesting in the Corporate Sector Tea Plantations in Sri Lanka 采用的驱动因素:斯里兰卡企业茶园的机械采摘
IF 1.6 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.1177/09763996241239414
T. G. Nimal Mahinda, Mohamed Esham, H. S. Rohitha Rosairo, H. W. Shyamalie
Tea industry experts emphasize that selective manual harvesting is the best way to maintain leaf quality while preserving tea plant health. However, tea plantations tend to adopt mechanical harvesting to overcome labour shortages and harvesting costs. But the adoption of mechanical harvesting is still low, prompting further investigations. The purpose of this study is to investigate tea plantation managers’ concerns about the factors influencing mechanical harvesting adoption based on a case study as the research strategy. The results demonstrated that the majority of determinants that emerged, as drivers are consistent with the latent constructs, defined in adoption theories. Key drivers are employees’ attitudes, facilitation, continuous monitoring, training of women and skill development through regular practice. The organizational factors that cannot be explained through adoption theories were isolated. The findings concluded that multi-dimensional factors have emerged as the driving force, which will be useful to anyone looking into the real application.
茶业专家强调,有选择性的人工采摘是保持茶叶质量和茶树健康的最佳方式。然而,茶园倾向于采用机械采摘,以克服劳动力短缺和采摘成本问题。但是,机械采摘的采用率仍然很低,这就需要进一步的调查。本研究的目的是以个案研究为研究策略,调查茶园管理者对采用机械采摘的影响因素的关注。研究结果表明,作为驱动因素出现的大多数决定因素与采用理论中定义的潜在构造相一致。主要的驱动因素包括员工的态度、促进、持续监测、对妇女的培训以及通过定期实践培养技能。采用理论无法解释的组织因素被分离出来。研究结果得出结论,多维因素已成为驱动力,这对任何研究实际应用的人都会有所帮助。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Money in India’s Elections: How Effective Is the Political Finance Regime? 金钱在印度选举中的作用:政治金融制度的有效性如何?
IF 1.6 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1177/09763996241246054
Ashutosh Kumar
Political finance does play a positive role in democratic regimes as it enables parties to strengthen their organizations and also run a dynamic electoral campaign. However, for the well-being of electoral democracies, it is imperative that political party funding/campaign finance is neither illegal nor illicit. Violation of political finance-related regulations erodes the citizens’ confidence in the fairness of the electoral system and also weakens trust in political parties. Like other democracies, India also faces the challenge of the infusion of big money, a large component of which remains unaccounted, corroding the fairness of what is otherwise a robust electoral system. The efforts of the Election Commission of India (ECI) to enforce a stringent political finance regime with the help of existing electoral laws, enforcement agencies and judicial intervention have so far met with limited success in checking the illegal and illicit money inflow and large-scale unaccounted expenditure. The task has been difficult due to perceived apathy of political parties, inadequate regulations and enforcement powers with the ECI.
政治融资在民主制度中确实发挥着积极作用,因为它使政党能够加强其组织,并开展充满活力的竞选活动。然而,为了选举民主制度的福祉,政党筹资/竞选融资必须既不违法也不非法。违反政治资金相关法规会削弱公民对选举制度公平性的信心,也会削弱对政党的信任。与其他民主国家一样,印度也面临着大笔资金注入的挑战,其中很大一部分资金去向不明,削弱了原本健全的选举制度的公正性。印度选举委员会(ECI)借助现行选举法、执法机构和司法干预,努力执行严格的政治融资制度,但迄今为止,在遏制非法和不法资金流入以及大规模不明支出方面成效有限。由于各政党的冷漠态度、法规不健全以及选举委员会的执法权力不足,这项任务一直难以完成。
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引用次数: 0
Rule of Informal Institutions in Democracy: Implications for Regional Disparity in an Indian State 民主中的非正式机构规则:对印度一个邦的地区差距的影响
IF 1.6 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-05 DOI: 10.1177/09763996241244558
Laxmikanta Gual, Amarendra Das
This article attempts to understand and theorize the issue of persistent regional disparity within democratic structures using an institutional perspective. Institutional economists widely acknowledge the role of democratic institutions in improving redistribution and reducing inequalities. However, persistent regional disparity within democratic nations has become a cause of concern for both developed and developing nations. There is hardly any study that either attempts to develop a separate institutional framework to explain regional variation or to examine the applicability of these frameworks in the regional context. Our article is an attempt to fill this gap. In this article, we have taken the case of Odisha, a low-income state within the largest democracy in the world, India, and tried to theorize its wide and persistent regional disparities. The novelty of this article is conceptualizing the interactions between formal and informal institutions and drawing implications of their interactions for regional disparity and economic growth.
本文试图从制度的角度来理解民主结构中长期存在的地区差距问题,并将其理论化。制度经济学家普遍承认民主制度在改善再分配和减少不平等方面的作用。然而,民主国家内部持续存在的地区差距已成为发达国家和发展中国家共同关注的问题。几乎没有任何研究试图建立一个单独的制度框架来解释地区差异,或研究这些框架在地区背景下的适用性。我们的文章试图填补这一空白。在本文中,我们以世界上最大的民主国家印度的低收入邦奥迪沙邦为例,试图从理论上解释其广泛而持久的地区差异。本文的新颖之处在于将正式和非正式机构之间的互动概念化,并得出它们的互动对地区差距和经济增长的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Analysing Determinants of Institutional Delivery in NFHS-5: A Comprehensive Study in India with a Focus on Caste Dynamics 分析 NFHS-5 中机构服务提供的决定因素:以种姓动态为重点的印度综合研究
IF 1.6 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1177/09763996241236243
Subhajeet Singh Sardar, Mridul Mandal, Subhasis Bhattacharya
The benefit of institutional delivery not only impacts maternal health but also reduces newborn mortality and increases overall well-being. This study focused on differences in the determinants of delivering at institution settings in India, with specific importance given to mothers within different caste groups. This is one area that was given less importance in the existing literature, particularly in studies that focused on the determinants of institutional delivery in India. Using data from the National Family Health Survey 5 (NFHS-5), the research explores factors influencing the choice between institutional and non-institutional delivery. Using logistic regression, and after removing influential and large residual observations (outliers), the analysis reveals that sociocultural determinants, including caste, religion, economic status and maternal education, significantly impact delivery preferences. Mothers from Scheduled Castes and Other Caste categories exhibit a higher likelihood of opting for institutional delivery. Economic factors, partner support, family size, maternal education, health-seeking behaviours, age, perceived distance to health facilities and media engagement also play crucial roles. Comparative analyses across caste groups emphasize the influence of wealth and education on institutional delivery choices. The findings underscore the need for having targeted interventions addressing diverse sociocultural contexts to improve maternal healthcare outcomes and reduce health disparities in India. Efforts should focus on awareness campaigns and overcoming challenges to promote the benefits of institutional delivery.
住院分娩的好处不仅影响产妇健康,还能降低新生儿死亡率,提高整体福利。本研究重点关注印度住院分娩决定因素的差异,尤其重视不同种姓群体中母亲的情况。在现有文献中,尤其是在关注印度住院分娩决定因素的研究中,对这一领域的重视程度较低。本研究利用第五次全国家庭健康调查(NFHS-5)的数据,探讨了影响产妇选择住院分娩还是非住院分娩的因素。利用逻辑回归法,在剔除有影响的和大的残差观测值(异常值)后,分析结果显示,社会文化决定因素,包括种姓、宗教、经济状况和产妇教育,对分娩偏好有显著影响。在册种姓和其他种姓的母亲选择住院分娩的可能性更高。经济因素、伴侣支持、家庭规模、孕产妇教育、寻求健康的行为、年龄、对医疗机构距离的感知以及媒体参与也起着至关重要的作用。对不同种姓群体的比较分析强调了财富和教育对选择住院分娩的影响。研究结果突出表明,有必要针对不同的社会文化背景采取有针对性的干预措施,以改善印度孕产妇的医疗保健结果并缩小健康差距。工作重点应放在提高认识运动和克服挑战上,以宣传住院分娩的好处。
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引用次数: 0
Chinese Strategic Hedge in Bangladesh through Investment 中国通过投资为孟加拉国提供战略对冲
IF 1.6 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1177/09763996241233819
Munira Jahan, Md Farid Hossain
During the last decade, the surge in Chinese outbound foreign direct investment in Bangladesh has been met with anxiety, often invoking national security concerns. Most scholars explain China’s investment with the connection of economic interests and market expansion. Scholars have not paid enough attention to the geostrategic rationale behind China’s investment statecraft towards Bangladesh. This study centres on the question: What economic and non-economic (geostrategic) factors drive the growing Chinese investment footprint in Bangladesh? Following the qualitative research approach, this study argues that along with economic incentives, non-economic issues such as security and strategic competition with India are the significant determinants of the Chinese increasing investment footprint in Bangladesh, which is beyond the notion of win–win cooperation enhancing China’s regional status and leadership in South Asia. This study promises to contribute to the literature on the Chinese political economy, providing a theoretically nuanced treatment of Chinese investment statecraft concerning neoclassical realism.
过去十年间,中国在孟加拉国的对外直接投资激增,这引起了人们的焦虑,并常常引发对国家安全的担忧。大多数学者将中国的投资与经济利益和市场扩张联系起来进行解释。学者们对中国对孟加拉投资政策背后的地缘战略理由关注不够。本研究的核心问题是是哪些经济和非经济(地缘战略)因素推动了中国在孟加拉国不断增长的投资足迹?本研究采用定性研究方法,认为除经济激励因素外,安全和与印度的战略竞争等非经济问题也是中国在孟加拉国投资足迹不断扩大的重要决定因素,这超出了合作共赢提升中国在南亚地区地位和领导力的概念。本研究有望为有关中国政治经济学的文献做出贡献,在新古典现实主义的基础上对中国的投资策略进行理论上的细微处理。
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引用次数: 0
Do Automation and Robotization Affect Occupation in India? An Empirical Study 自动化和机器人化会影响印度的职业吗?实证研究
IF 1.6 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1177/09763996241231835
Anjali Bansal, S. P. Singh, P. C. Mohanty, Jaspal Singh
Technology is reshaping the occupational landscape. Technological adoption has accelerated in the last few years with the increasing use of robots and automation. However, only a few pieces of literature are available that discuss how robotization and automation would change the world of work. In India, hardly any empirical research discusses the risk of robots and automation in occupations. The article estimates the industrial robot density in the manufacturing sector in India for the period 2011–2012 to 2020–2021. It also observes the workforce distribution changes by industry and occupation for the same period. Further combining the O*Net data with the Employment and Unemployment Survey data and Periodic Labour Force Survey for 2011–2012 and 2020–2021, respectively, constructs the composite index of risk of automation (RoA). The RoA index scores reveal that between 2011–2012 and 2020–2021, the automation risk in all jobs in India has increased and the risk intensity varies across occupations and industries.
技术正在重塑职业格局。在过去几年里,随着机器人和自动化的使用越来越多,技术应用的速度也在加快。然而,只有少数文献讨论了机器人化和自动化将如何改变工作世界。在印度,几乎没有任何实证研究讨论机器人和自动化在职业中的风险。文章估算了 2011-2012 年至 2020-2021 年期间印度制造业的工业机器人密度。文章还观察了同期各行业和职业的劳动力分布变化。将 O*Net 数据与 2011-2012 年和 2020-2021 年的就业与失业调查数据和定期劳动力调查数据进一步结合,构建了自动化风险(RoA)综合指数。自动化风险指数得分显示,在 2011-2012 年和 2020-2021 年期间,印度所有工作的自动化风险都在增加,不同职业和行业的风险强度各不相同。
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引用次数: 0
Institutional Quality and Economic Performance: A Study of Asian Countries 机构质量与经济表现:亚洲国家研究
IF 1.6 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1177/09763996241233818
Alfa Rani Nayak, Kailash Chandra Pradhan
The objective of this article is to investigate the influence of institutional quality on the economic performance of 47 Asian countries, categorized into four income levels (low-income, lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income and high-income countries) over the period 1981–2021. The study utilizes six governance indicators, and a composite governance index is constructed to evaluate institutional quality. Economic performance is assessed through three key indicators: real gross domestic product (GDP), real GDP per capita (GDPPC) and the human development index (HDI). Except for HDI data, all variable data were sourced from the World Bank, while HDI data were obtained from the UNDP. The study employed panel regression, panel co-integration techniques and the autoregressive distributed lag model. The findings indicate that governance indicators have a positive and significant impact on GDP, GDPPC and HDI in Asian countries. Moreover, the study reveals that the influence of governance indicators on economic performance is more pronounced in high-income countries compared to other income levels in Asia. Consequently, the research emphasizes the importance of focusing on governance indicators for fostering economic growth and enhancing HDI in Asian countries.
本文旨在研究 1981-2021 年间制度质量对 47 个亚洲国家经济表现的影响,这些国家分为四个收入水平(低收入国家、中低收入国家、中高收入国家和高收入国家)。研究采用了六个治理指标,并构建了一个综合治理指数来评估机构质量。经济表现通过三个关键指标进行评估:实际国内生产总值(GDP)、实际人均国内生产总值(GDPPC)和人类发展指数(HDI)。除人类发展指数数据外,所有变量数据均来自世界银行,而人类发展指数数据则来自联合国开发计划署。研究采用了面板回归、面板协整技术和自回归分布滞后模型。研究结果表明,治理指标对亚洲国家的 GDP、GDPPC 和 HDI 有积极而显著的影响。此外,研究还显示,与亚洲其他收入水平的国家相比,高收入国家的治理指标对经济表现的影响更为明显。因此,这项研究强调了关注治理指标对于促进亚洲国家经济增长和提高人类发展指数的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Book review: Lakhwinder Singh and K. J. Joseph (Eds), 2024. Reimagining Innovation Systems In The COVID And Post-COVID World 书评:Lakhwinder Singh 和 K. J. Joseph(编著),《2024。在 COVID 和后 COVID 世界中重新构想创新体系
IF 1.6 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.1177/09763996241229362
Pooja Sikka
Lakhwinder Singh and K. J. Joseph (Eds), 2024. Reimagining Innovation Systems In The COVID And Post-COVID World. Routledge, xxii+278 pp., £104 (hardback), £28.79 (paperback and e-book).
Lakhwinder Singh 和 K. J. Joseph(编著),《2024。在 COVID 和后 COVID 世界中重新构想创新体系》。Routledge,xxii+278 页,104 英镑(精装本),28.79 英镑(平装本和电子书)。
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引用次数: 0
Book review: Swati Mehta and Baldev Singh Shergill, 2023. Innovation Systems, Economic Development and Public Policy: Sustainable Options from Emerging Economies 书评:Swati Mehta 和 Baldev Singh Shergill,2023 年。创新体系、经济发展与公共政策:新兴经济体的可持续选择
IF 1.6 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-04 DOI: 10.1177/09763996231207155
Rajeev Sharma
Swati Mehta and Baldev Singh Shergill, 2023. Innovation Systems, Economic Development and Public Policy: Sustainable Options from Emerging Economies. Routledge Oxon and New York, 426 pp., £120.00 (Hardback). ISBN: 978-103-22-6605-3.
Swati Mehta 和 Baldev Singh Shergill,2023 年。创新体系、经济发展与公共政策:新兴经济体的可持续选择》。Routledge Oxon and New York, 426 pp.ISBN:978-103-22-6605-3。
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引用次数: 0
Book review: Swati Mehta and Baldev Singh Shergill, 2023. Innovation Systems, Economic Development and Public Policy: Sustainable Options from Emerging Economies 书评:Swati Mehta 和 Baldev Singh Shergill,2023 年。创新体系、经济发展与公共政策:新兴经济体的可持续选择
IF 1.6 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-04 DOI: 10.1177/09763996231207155
Rajeev Sharma
Swati Mehta and Baldev Singh Shergill, 2023. Innovation Systems, Economic Development and Public Policy: Sustainable Options from Emerging Economies. Routledge Oxon and New York, 426 pp., £120.00 (Hardback). ISBN: 978-103-22-6605-3.
Swati Mehta 和 Baldev Singh Shergill,2023 年。创新体系、经济发展与公共政策:新兴经济体的可持续选择》。Routledge Oxon and New York, 426 pp.ISBN:978-103-22-6605-3。
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引用次数: 0
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Millennial Asia
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