Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.1177/09763996231222568
T. Begho, Kehinde A. Odeniyi
The challenges prevalent in agriculture substantially impact the well-being of farmers compared to that of many other occupations. The national average rating of well-being may not provide a true representation of farmers. This article empirically examines the determinants and the effect of subjective well-being (SWB) on discounting the behaviour of farmers by estimating data from the 2014/2015 Indonesian family life survey. The results show that 72% are among the poorest three on a six-step hypothetical economic ladder. Few farmers (38%) are very satisfied with life as a whole. Having a higher level of education and income increases the chance of a higher SWB. Also, SWB decreases with an increasing level of poor health, feeling unsafe, job dissatisfaction and being older. The results examining the effect of SWB on discounting behaviour suggest that unlike the affective component (positive affect) of SWB, the cognitive component (life satisfaction) does not have a statistically significant effect on discounting behaviour.
{"title":"Indonesian Farmers’ Subjective Well-being: Determinants and Effect on Discounting Behaviour","authors":"T. Begho, Kehinde A. Odeniyi","doi":"10.1177/09763996231222568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231222568","url":null,"abstract":"The challenges prevalent in agriculture substantially impact the well-being of farmers compared to that of many other occupations. The national average rating of well-being may not provide a true representation of farmers. This article empirically examines the determinants and the effect of subjective well-being (SWB) on discounting the behaviour of farmers by estimating data from the 2014/2015 Indonesian family life survey. The results show that 72% are among the poorest three on a six-step hypothetical economic ladder. Few farmers (38%) are very satisfied with life as a whole. Having a higher level of education and income increases the chance of a higher SWB. Also, SWB decreases with an increasing level of poor health, feeling unsafe, job dissatisfaction and being older. The results examining the effect of SWB on discounting behaviour suggest that unlike the affective component (positive affect) of SWB, the cognitive component (life satisfaction) does not have a statistically significant effect on discounting behaviour.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139615498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.1177/09763996231213681
Nasir Uddin, Ismat Ara
Access to local justice resolutions is significant not only for the rule of law but also for human rights, democratic governance, poverty reduction and security. Since many rural residents do not have access to formal courts, local justice resolution, namely village court (VC), is the only restorative mechanism in Bangladesh that is accessible and convenient for the grassroots community. This study investigates the management of restorative justice in Bangladesh and evaluates its effectiveness in terms of participation, accountability and transparency. Using key informant interviews and focus group discussions with Union Parishad officials and locals, the study collected empirical data from 60 respondents, who were purposefully selected from four unions covering two districts in Bangladesh. To understand judicial proceedings and interpret the data accordingly, the research team also observed the hearing procedures of the VC with the permission of the proper authorities. Since the local justice resolution system only handles minor and petty cases related to civil and criminal matters, the study indicates that the VC allows a great deal of popular participation in adjudication processes and ensures partial transparency through an open hearing system without incorporating formal mechanisms of accountability. This analysis also shows that ensuring good governance practices in the VC becomes imperative for impartial and credible justice for the local community. Despite having several gaps in the governance framework and drawbacks, the study concludes that a strengthened restorative justice mechanism might contribute to the performance of the formal judiciary, provide a feasible option for locals, and empower them. Therefore, ensuring good governance requires a comprehensive approach that looks beyond legal and judicial reforms and tackles broader structural, social and economic factors. By exploring governance performance and gaps in the local justice system, the article significantly contributes to the government’s and policymakers’ efforts to measure progress and reduce weaknesses. Although the VC system is still relatively new in many countries, it could be an excellent resource for restorative justice systems across the globe.
{"title":"Governance Assessment of Local Restorative Justice System: A Case Study of Village Court in Bangladesh","authors":"Nasir Uddin, Ismat Ara","doi":"10.1177/09763996231213681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231213681","url":null,"abstract":"Access to local justice resolutions is significant not only for the rule of law but also for human rights, democratic governance, poverty reduction and security. Since many rural residents do not have access to formal courts, local justice resolution, namely village court (VC), is the only restorative mechanism in Bangladesh that is accessible and convenient for the grassroots community. This study investigates the management of restorative justice in Bangladesh and evaluates its effectiveness in terms of participation, accountability and transparency. Using key informant interviews and focus group discussions with Union Parishad officials and locals, the study collected empirical data from 60 respondents, who were purposefully selected from four unions covering two districts in Bangladesh. To understand judicial proceedings and interpret the data accordingly, the research team also observed the hearing procedures of the VC with the permission of the proper authorities. Since the local justice resolution system only handles minor and petty cases related to civil and criminal matters, the study indicates that the VC allows a great deal of popular participation in adjudication processes and ensures partial transparency through an open hearing system without incorporating formal mechanisms of accountability. This analysis also shows that ensuring good governance practices in the VC becomes imperative for impartial and credible justice for the local community. Despite having several gaps in the governance framework and drawbacks, the study concludes that a strengthened restorative justice mechanism might contribute to the performance of the formal judiciary, provide a feasible option for locals, and empower them. Therefore, ensuring good governance requires a comprehensive approach that looks beyond legal and judicial reforms and tackles broader structural, social and economic factors. By exploring governance performance and gaps in the local justice system, the article significantly contributes to the government’s and policymakers’ efforts to measure progress and reduce weaknesses. Although the VC system is still relatively new in many countries, it could be an excellent resource for restorative justice systems across the globe.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.1177/09763996231211491
Muhammad Tahir Jan
The industrial revolution has fuelled excessive production and consumption of products to the extent that is decimating the environment. To mitigate this issue, the newly discovered procedure of ‘The Circular Economy’ is entrenched. This concept encourages new and innovative systems of production, consumption and disposal with less to no adverse effects on the environment. The topic of circular economy, however, has been hardly researched by marketing scholars. The present research, therefore, attempts to consider the consumer stance in the circular economy, while reflecting on 757 consumers in two developing circular nations. Analysis was performed to test the proposed model and the hypotheses. Results evince that circular economy accelerates resource regeneration for both nations such that individual social norms, attitude and concern for the ecosystem are more relatively important than appropriacy and the right to control how consumer perceived their intention which aligned with sustainability and circular economy initiatives.
{"title":"Circular Economy from a Consumer Perspective: Malaysia Versus Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Tahir Jan","doi":"10.1177/09763996231211491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231211491","url":null,"abstract":"The industrial revolution has fuelled excessive production and consumption of products to the extent that is decimating the environment. To mitigate this issue, the newly discovered procedure of ‘The Circular Economy’ is entrenched. This concept encourages new and innovative systems of production, consumption and disposal with less to no adverse effects on the environment. The topic of circular economy, however, has been hardly researched by marketing scholars. The present research, therefore, attempts to consider the consumer stance in the circular economy, while reflecting on 757 consumers in two developing circular nations. Analysis was performed to test the proposed model and the hypotheses. Results evince that circular economy accelerates resource regeneration for both nations such that individual social norms, attitude and concern for the ecosystem are more relatively important than appropriacy and the right to control how consumer perceived their intention which aligned with sustainability and circular economy initiatives.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.1177/09763996231200180
Y. Prabhavathi, N. T. K. Kishore, Siddayya, C. T. Ramachandra
Farmer producer organizations (FPOs) act as an effective institutional mechanism in addressing the constraints of small holders in India. But only a very few FPOs are prospering in their life stages, demanding a need for competent managerial team to understand the business dynamics and improve the organization performance. Hence, the present study attempted to understand the relation between business competencies and financial performance of FPOs operating in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India mediated through business approach. A proportionate representative sample of 4 FPOs and 11 FPOs registered under cooperatives act and companies act, respectively, were selected randomly. Primary data from 50 % of managerial team of FPOs ( n = 94) and secondary data from audited financial reports from 2019–2020 to 2021–2022 were obtained. The major findings of the study showed that business competencies and financial performance of market-centric approached FPOs are significantly higher over production-centric FPOs. A strong and significant correlation existed between competencies and performances. Variables namely education, business exposure, leadership role in community-based organizations and digital media exposure showed moderate correlation with various competency spheres. Due to relatively higher level of these factors in the respondents of market-centric approached FPOs over their counterparts, they possessed comparatively higher business competencies and as such identified business opportunities on the upstream value chain (market-centric) and accordingly showed better financial performance over the FPOs that identified opportunities on the downstream value chain (production-centric). Thus, a strong relationship existed between business approach, business competencies and financial performance.
{"title":"An Analytical Study on Managerial Competencies and Business Performance of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs): A Value Chain Perspective from India","authors":"Y. Prabhavathi, N. T. K. Kishore, Siddayya, C. T. Ramachandra","doi":"10.1177/09763996231200180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231200180","url":null,"abstract":"Farmer producer organizations (FPOs) act as an effective institutional mechanism in addressing the constraints of small holders in India. But only a very few FPOs are prospering in their life stages, demanding a need for competent managerial team to understand the business dynamics and improve the organization performance. Hence, the present study attempted to understand the relation between business competencies and financial performance of FPOs operating in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India mediated through business approach. A proportionate representative sample of 4 FPOs and 11 FPOs registered under cooperatives act and companies act, respectively, were selected randomly. Primary data from 50 % of managerial team of FPOs ( n = 94) and secondary data from audited financial reports from 2019–2020 to 2021–2022 were obtained. The major findings of the study showed that business competencies and financial performance of market-centric approached FPOs are significantly higher over production-centric FPOs. A strong and significant correlation existed between competencies and performances. Variables namely education, business exposure, leadership role in community-based organizations and digital media exposure showed moderate correlation with various competency spheres. Due to relatively higher level of these factors in the respondents of market-centric approached FPOs over their counterparts, they possessed comparatively higher business competencies and as such identified business opportunities on the upstream value chain (market-centric) and accordingly showed better financial performance over the FPOs that identified opportunities on the downstream value chain (production-centric). Thus, a strong relationship existed between business approach, business competencies and financial performance.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1177/09763996231211510
Don McLain Gill
Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, Vietnam has consistently strengthened its security ties with India. However, notable gaps remain in theorizing the burgeoning security partnership in the context of Hanoi’s foreign policy decision-making. Common arguments revolve around structural, material, and utility-maximizing motivations. However, these overlook the dynamism of Vietnamese foreign policy vis-à-vis the emerging structural power dynamics and the motivations behind domestic-level decision-making. While the role of structural forces has been irrefutable given Hanoi’s desire to hedge with major powers since the Cold War period, they are not enough to determine the nature, motivations, speed and scope of the Southeast Asian state’s strengthening security ties with India since the beginning of the twenty-first century. Therefore, through a neoclassical realist analysis, this article seeks to explain how enhancing security ties with India fits in Hanoi’s overarching hedging strategy since the mid-twentieth century in ways beyond utility-maximizing models.
{"title":"Locating the Evolving Vietnam–India Security Partnership in Hanoi’s Hedging Strategy with Major Powers: A Neoclassical Realist Analysis","authors":"Don McLain Gill","doi":"10.1177/09763996231211510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231211510","url":null,"abstract":"Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, Vietnam has consistently strengthened its security ties with India. However, notable gaps remain in theorizing the burgeoning security partnership in the context of Hanoi’s foreign policy decision-making. Common arguments revolve around structural, material, and utility-maximizing motivations. However, these overlook the dynamism of Vietnamese foreign policy vis-à-vis the emerging structural power dynamics and the motivations behind domestic-level decision-making. While the role of structural forces has been irrefutable given Hanoi’s desire to hedge with major powers since the Cold War period, they are not enough to determine the nature, motivations, speed and scope of the Southeast Asian state’s strengthening security ties with India since the beginning of the twenty-first century. Therefore, through a neoclassical realist analysis, this article seeks to explain how enhancing security ties with India fits in Hanoi’s overarching hedging strategy since the mid-twentieth century in ways beyond utility-maximizing models.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.1177/09763996231192155
Archna Chaudhry, None Chandni, Garima Dudeja
Money supply in India is analysed using a non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model to see how several factors, such as electronic payments, exchange rate, interest rates and inflation, affect the money supply. The Augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root test and the Phillips–Perron unit root test are utilized to confirm that the variables are stationary. In the bounds test of the NARDL as well as Johansen–Juselius cointegration test, this study finds evidence of cointegration amongst variable used in the study. NARDL testing model is employed to investigate the dissimilar influences on variables with short- and long-run dynamics. Short-term estimates suggest that the money supply ( M1) is most responsive to positive shocks involving retail payments, the exchange rate and interest rates, but negative shocks involving card payment and prepaid payment instruments. A reduction in card payment, as well as a positive increase in retail payment, the prepaid payment instrument, the exchange rate and the interest rate, would all have major effects on M3 in short run. In addition, a long-term finding demonstrates that all of the variables have a significant influence on the money supply ( M1) in its mixed form while all of the factors, with the exception of the one involving card payments, have a considerable impact on the money supply ( M3). Wald test results confirm the existence of asymmetric influences which can have significant lessons for policymakers.
{"title":"Investigating Asymmetric Effects of Electronic Payment on Money Supply for India using Non-linear ARDL Model","authors":"Archna Chaudhry, None Chandni, Garima Dudeja","doi":"10.1177/09763996231192155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231192155","url":null,"abstract":"Money supply in India is analysed using a non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model to see how several factors, such as electronic payments, exchange rate, interest rates and inflation, affect the money supply. The Augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root test and the Phillips–Perron unit root test are utilized to confirm that the variables are stationary. In the bounds test of the NARDL as well as Johansen–Juselius cointegration test, this study finds evidence of cointegration amongst variable used in the study. NARDL testing model is employed to investigate the dissimilar influences on variables with short- and long-run dynamics. Short-term estimates suggest that the money supply ( M1) is most responsive to positive shocks involving retail payments, the exchange rate and interest rates, but negative shocks involving card payment and prepaid payment instruments. A reduction in card payment, as well as a positive increase in retail payment, the prepaid payment instrument, the exchange rate and the interest rate, would all have major effects on M3 in short run. In addition, a long-term finding demonstrates that all of the variables have a significant influence on the money supply ( M1) in its mixed form while all of the factors, with the exception of the one involving card payments, have a considerable impact on the money supply ( M3). Wald test results confirm the existence of asymmetric influences which can have significant lessons for policymakers.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.1177/09763996231191574
César Lenin Navarro-Chávez, Francisco Javier Ayvar-Campos, Julio César Morán-Figueroa
The process of global economic integration is justified by the primary goal of inclusive and balanced growth for all economies, so it is relevant to identify the extent to which this goal has been achieved. This research evaluates whether the member economies of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) have experienced economic convergence during the 1960–1990 (pre-APEC) and 1990–2020 (post-APEC) periods. For this purpose, beta, sigma and gamma convergence are estimated, which are methodological approaches proposed by Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1991, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1991(1), 170–182) and Marchante et al. (2006, Fundación de Estudios de Economía Aplicada Working Papers No. 2006-05), for APEC as a region and for the high- and middle-income economies that conform it. The results show that the process of economic convergence among APEC members intensified after its formation in 1989 and that the region can be categorized as an ‘economic convergence club’. As well as that, the high- and middle-income groups are converging towards their respective stationary state.
全球经济一体化进程的首要目标是实现所有经济体的包容性和平衡增长，因此确定这一目标的实现程度是有意义的。本研究评估了亚太经济合作组织(APEC)成员经济体在1960-1990年(APEC前)和1990-2020年(APEC后)期间是否经历了经济趋同。为此，对beta、sigma和gamma收敛进行了估计，这是Barro和Sala-i-Martin (1991, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1991(1)， 170-182)和Marchante等人(2006,Fundación de Estudios de Economía applied Working Papers No. 2006-05)针对APEC作为一个区域以及符合该区域的高收入和中等收入经济体提出的方法。研究结果表明，1989年APEC成立后，各成员之间的经济趋同进程加剧，该地区可以被归类为“经济趋同俱乐部”。与此同时，高收入和中等收入群体正在向各自的平稳状态趋同。
{"title":"Economic Convergence Among Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Members. A Comparative Analysis, 1960–2020","authors":"César Lenin Navarro-Chávez, Francisco Javier Ayvar-Campos, Julio César Morán-Figueroa","doi":"10.1177/09763996231191574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231191574","url":null,"abstract":"The process of global economic integration is justified by the primary goal of inclusive and balanced growth for all economies, so it is relevant to identify the extent to which this goal has been achieved. This research evaluates whether the member economies of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) have experienced economic convergence during the 1960–1990 (pre-APEC) and 1990–2020 (post-APEC) periods. For this purpose, beta, sigma and gamma convergence are estimated, which are methodological approaches proposed by Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1991, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1991(1), 170–182) and Marchante et al. (2006, Fundación de Estudios de Economía Aplicada Working Papers No. 2006-05), for APEC as a region and for the high- and middle-income economies that conform it. The results show that the process of economic convergence among APEC members intensified after its formation in 1989 and that the region can be categorized as an ‘economic convergence club’. As well as that, the high- and middle-income groups are converging towards their respective stationary state.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.1177/09763996231195682
Arshid Iqbal Dar, Irfan UL Haq
This article explores United States’ Iran policy, especially the current debate over the revival of Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) that has gained momentum ever since Joe Biden became the new US president. Despite Biden’s initial desire to restore the nuclear deal, the trajectory so far has been that of a roller-coaster ride. The parties are yet to reach an agreement. While exploring why, this article argues that the United States has been entrapped into an intractable rivalry with Iran. In fact, many neoconservative academic and policymaking Iran hawks falsely portray Tehran as pursuing ‘regional hegemony’ and bringing back the dangerous ‘Persian Empire’ to encourage and favour a harsh policy towards Iran. Besides, the United States allies such as Israel and Saudi Arabia also lured Washington to pursue aggressive policy towards Iran. However, as this article demonstrates these false narratives and myths while hurting the United States’ national interest blinds Washington to possible areas of mutual interest with Iran. The trajectory of JCPOA underscores this. Therefore, it is very crucial to scrutinize the ‘Iran myth/s’ and offer valuable lessons to the United States as to how not, and how to fix the Iran conundrum.
{"title":"Demystifying United States’ ‘Iran Myth/s’: How Not, and How to Fix the Tehran Conundrum?","authors":"Arshid Iqbal Dar, Irfan UL Haq","doi":"10.1177/09763996231195682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231195682","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores United States’ Iran policy, especially the current debate over the revival of Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) that has gained momentum ever since Joe Biden became the new US president. Despite Biden’s initial desire to restore the nuclear deal, the trajectory so far has been that of a roller-coaster ride. The parties are yet to reach an agreement. While exploring why, this article argues that the United States has been entrapped into an intractable rivalry with Iran. In fact, many neoconservative academic and policymaking Iran hawks falsely portray Tehran as pursuing ‘regional hegemony’ and bringing back the dangerous ‘Persian Empire’ to encourage and favour a harsh policy towards Iran. Besides, the United States allies such as Israel and Saudi Arabia also lured Washington to pursue aggressive policy towards Iran. However, as this article demonstrates these false narratives and myths while hurting the United States’ national interest blinds Washington to possible areas of mutual interest with Iran. The trajectory of JCPOA underscores this. Therefore, it is very crucial to scrutinize the ‘Iran myth/s’ and offer valuable lessons to the United States as to how not, and how to fix the Iran conundrum.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136157967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.1177/09763996231199642
Maria Sunil Mannanal, N. Rajagopal
This study explores how healthcare expenditure and human development index impact environmental quality in 26 Asian countries during the period 2000–2018. Both aggregate and disaggregate (public and private) variables of healthcare expenditure are used. The dynamic ordinary least squares and augmented mean group estimation techniques are employed to assess the impact of selected variables on environmental quality captured using carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions as a proxy. The causality among the variables is tested using the Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel causality test. The outcome of the study showed that scaling aggregate healthcare expenditure, disaggregate healthcare expenditure (public and private) and human development index deteriorates environmental quality. The causality tests confirm a bidirectional association between aggregate healthcare expenditure and CO 2 emissions, disaggregate healthcare expenditure and CO 2 emission and a one-way connection from human development index to CO 2 emission. The study finds that the significant positive impact of healthcare expenditure and human development index on CO 2 emission is a concern, as rising emissions have adverse effects on the environment, public health and global economy. The study highlights the need for policies to promote sustainable development in a way that balances the needs of healthcare, human development and the environment.
{"title":"Healthcare Expenditure and Human Development Index as Determinants of Environmental Quality: A Panel Study on Selected Asian Countries","authors":"Maria Sunil Mannanal, N. Rajagopal","doi":"10.1177/09763996231199642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231199642","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores how healthcare expenditure and human development index impact environmental quality in 26 Asian countries during the period 2000–2018. Both aggregate and disaggregate (public and private) variables of healthcare expenditure are used. The dynamic ordinary least squares and augmented mean group estimation techniques are employed to assess the impact of selected variables on environmental quality captured using carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions as a proxy. The causality among the variables is tested using the Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel causality test. The outcome of the study showed that scaling aggregate healthcare expenditure, disaggregate healthcare expenditure (public and private) and human development index deteriorates environmental quality. The causality tests confirm a bidirectional association between aggregate healthcare expenditure and CO 2 emissions, disaggregate healthcare expenditure and CO 2 emission and a one-way connection from human development index to CO 2 emission. The study finds that the significant positive impact of healthcare expenditure and human development index on CO 2 emission is a concern, as rising emissions have adverse effects on the environment, public health and global economy. The study highlights the need for policies to promote sustainable development in a way that balances the needs of healthcare, human development and the environment.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136157493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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