Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.1177/09763996231199310
Md. Mominur Rahman, Mohammad Ekramol Islam
This study aims to investigate the relationship between trade openness and taxation in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries. This study uses a panel dataset for 2000–2021 and employs various econometric techniques such as the cross-sectional dependence test, unit root test, panel regression selection criteria, robustness checking fully modified ordinary least square and dynamic ordinary least square to validate the research model. The study finds that trade openness positively impacts taxation in BRICS countries. Specifically, the study finds that trade freedom, trade ratio and average trade increase the tax-to-GDP ratio and tax collection. Additionally, the study finds that financial development (FDV), financial openness (FON), GDP per capita (GPR) and political stability (PLS) positively impact taxation, but inflation has a negative effect. The results imply support for comparative advantage theory, suggesting that trade openness can positively impact taxation. The findings also highlight the importance of FDV, FON, GPR and PLS for tax revenue collection. From a managerial perspective, the results suggest that policymakers in BRICS countries should prioritize measures that promote trade openness and economic growth to improve their taxation systems.
{"title":"Does Trade Openness Affect Taxation? Evidence from BRICS Countries","authors":"Md. Mominur Rahman, Mohammad Ekramol Islam","doi":"10.1177/09763996231199310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231199310","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the relationship between trade openness and taxation in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries. This study uses a panel dataset for 2000–2021 and employs various econometric techniques such as the cross-sectional dependence test, unit root test, panel regression selection criteria, robustness checking fully modified ordinary least square and dynamic ordinary least square to validate the research model. The study finds that trade openness positively impacts taxation in BRICS countries. Specifically, the study finds that trade freedom, trade ratio and average trade increase the tax-to-GDP ratio and tax collection. Additionally, the study finds that financial development (FDV), financial openness (FON), GDP per capita (GPR) and political stability (PLS) positively impact taxation, but inflation has a negative effect. The results imply support for comparative advantage theory, suggesting that trade openness can positively impact taxation. The findings also highlight the importance of FDV, FON, GPR and PLS for tax revenue collection. From a managerial perspective, the results suggest that policymakers in BRICS countries should prioritize measures that promote trade openness and economic growth to improve their taxation systems.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136157636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-29DOI: 10.1177/09763996231195663
Harpreet Singh, Rana Amanat Singh
The present study attempts to explore gender-based gaps in access to quality healthcare at the pan-India level. To undertake our analyses using National Sample Survey Office’s secondary data, we prepared a Gender Parity Index to understand the nature and extent of gender differential in access and direct utilization of quality healthcare services. The results validate the proposed objective of the study, that is, females suffer from innate accessibility gaps in rural as well as urban India. Females not only lack access to general healthcare but are also devoid of quality healthcare. Males, often, have better access to general healthcare through private hospitals and clinics in conjunction with other sources. On the other hand, females are predominantly confined to the government and charitable medical institutions. Additionally, the results show that the brunt of these gaps in healthcare is borne relatively more by rural females than their urban female counterparts.
{"title":"Gender and Inequality in Access to Healthcare Facilities in India: Evidence from NSSO’s 75th Round on Health","authors":"Harpreet Singh, Rana Amanat Singh","doi":"10.1177/09763996231195663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231195663","url":null,"abstract":"The present study attempts to explore gender-based gaps in access to quality healthcare at the pan-India level. To undertake our analyses using National Sample Survey Office’s secondary data, we prepared a Gender Parity Index to understand the nature and extent of gender differential in access and direct utilization of quality healthcare services. The results validate the proposed objective of the study, that is, females suffer from innate accessibility gaps in rural as well as urban India. Females not only lack access to general healthcare but are also devoid of quality healthcare. Males, often, have better access to general healthcare through private hospitals and clinics in conjunction with other sources. On the other hand, females are predominantly confined to the government and charitable medical institutions. Additionally, the results show that the brunt of these gaps in healthcare is borne relatively more by rural females than their urban female counterparts.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136158100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leadership competencies act as a precursor in catalysing bureaucratic reform and propelling long-term development, yet the multitude of political tensions and policy conundrums has called for a deeper examination of the individual capabilities needed to satisfy public expectations. Taking on a comparative case study approach in East Java, Indonesia, we dissect the dynamic relationship between leadership competencies, individual policy capacity and regional development, positioning that these three elements form a symbiotic capability matrix that transcends their individual boundaries. We unveil how autonomous and proactive leaders, while operating within established structures and networks, leverage the power of social embeddedness, thus crystallizing it as an integral pillar for successful regional development. Through the embodiment of interdependence and relational dynamics, we foster a paradigm shift from an individualistic perspective to a context-aware, relation-centred approach within leadership and regional development landscapes.
{"title":"The Social Embeddedness of Leadership: Unfolding the Trajectories of Individual Policy Capacity in Regional Development in East Java, Indonesia","authors":"Falih Suaedi, Wildan Taufik Raharja, Ayu Puspita Ningrum","doi":"10.1177/09763996231194741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231194741","url":null,"abstract":"Leadership competencies act as a precursor in catalysing bureaucratic reform and propelling long-term development, yet the multitude of political tensions and policy conundrums has called for a deeper examination of the individual capabilities needed to satisfy public expectations. Taking on a comparative case study approach in East Java, Indonesia, we dissect the dynamic relationship between leadership competencies, individual policy capacity and regional development, positioning that these three elements form a symbiotic capability matrix that transcends their individual boundaries. We unveil how autonomous and proactive leaders, while operating within established structures and networks, leverage the power of social embeddedness, thus crystallizing it as an integral pillar for successful regional development. Through the embodiment of interdependence and relational dynamics, we foster a paradigm shift from an individualistic perspective to a context-aware, relation-centred approach within leadership and regional development landscapes.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135462478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-22DOI: 10.1177/09763996231191735
Varinder Jain
Focusing on India and Pakistan, this article examines their relative performance in sports equipment exports during the 2003–2020 periods. Utilizing secondary trade data available from UN Comtrade, it analyses their performance in sports equipment exports (HS-92) at the six-digit level, mainly to ascertain disparities in export performance at commodity level. Besides drawing inferences about global sports equipment exports (since 1990), it examines sports equipment export performance by tracing the pattern of export composition, export concentration and export growth, along with inferring the incidence of export instability, comparative advantage and trade balance. Indices like Herfindahl–Hirschman index (and its standardized version), Hall–Tideman index, entropy concentration index, Cappock instability index, Cuddy-Della Valle index, Balassa’s measure of comparative advantage and trade balance index are estimated to draw inferences. An analytical exercise indicates that India’s global share has not only declined over time, but it has also been lagging in exporting various types of sports equipment—its comparative advantage has waned over time, whereas such is not the case with Pakistan, which has recorded relatively better performance. A comparative perspective on the nature of the policy framework in both nations is drawn. Moreover, the article examines commodity-wise global dominance of India and Pakistan (in comparison with China) to trace commodities for which these countries have been gaining significance in global markets. Finally, the article urges the Indian State to devote serious attention to strengthening sports goods manufacturing in India, as India is currently facing a trade deficit in the global trade of sports equipment.
{"title":"Why Pakistan Forges Ahead and India Lags Behind? Analysis of Sports Equipment Exports in Global Context","authors":"Varinder Jain","doi":"10.1177/09763996231191735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231191735","url":null,"abstract":"Focusing on India and Pakistan, this article examines their relative performance in sports equipment exports during the 2003–2020 periods. Utilizing secondary trade data available from UN Comtrade, it analyses their performance in sports equipment exports (HS-92) at the six-digit level, mainly to ascertain disparities in export performance at commodity level. Besides drawing inferences about global sports equipment exports (since 1990), it examines sports equipment export performance by tracing the pattern of export composition, export concentration and export growth, along with inferring the incidence of export instability, comparative advantage and trade balance. Indices like Herfindahl–Hirschman index (and its standardized version), Hall–Tideman index, entropy concentration index, Cappock instability index, Cuddy-Della Valle index, Balassa’s measure of comparative advantage and trade balance index are estimated to draw inferences. An analytical exercise indicates that India’s global share has not only declined over time, but it has also been lagging in exporting various types of sports equipment—its comparative advantage has waned over time, whereas such is not the case with Pakistan, which has recorded relatively better performance. A comparative perspective on the nature of the policy framework in both nations is drawn. Moreover, the article examines commodity-wise global dominance of India and Pakistan (in comparison with China) to trace commodities for which these countries have been gaining significance in global markets. Finally, the article urges the Indian State to devote serious attention to strengthening sports goods manufacturing in India, as India is currently facing a trade deficit in the global trade of sports equipment.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135462905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1177/09763996231192027
Shrujan Rajdeep, Biswajit Patra
The article analyses the interrelation between the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and the profitability of Indian public sector banks from March 2015 to March 2022. It uses the panel data technique to explain these relations. Further, this article also looked at the interactive effect of LCR through advances and the interest rate. It has gone through pre- and post-diagnostic checks finalizing the model and variables. The findings of the result surprisingly imply that Basel III regulatory directives like LCR positively impact the bank profitability in India rather than general apprehension about the negative impact. However, the interactive effects of LCR through advances negatively influence the banks’ profitability. Variables such as deposits, Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) have no statistically significant relation with banks’ profitability. This article recommends that Basel III guidelines should not be looked at negatively for the performance of banks.
{"title":"Does Basel III – Liquidity Coverage Ratio Affect the Profitability of Indian Public Sector Banks?","authors":"Shrujan Rajdeep, Biswajit Patra","doi":"10.1177/09763996231192027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231192027","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the interrelation between the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and the profitability of Indian public sector banks from March 2015 to March 2022. It uses the panel data technique to explain these relations. Further, this article also looked at the interactive effect of LCR through advances and the interest rate. It has gone through pre- and post-diagnostic checks finalizing the model and variables. The findings of the result surprisingly imply that Basel III regulatory directives like LCR positively impact the bank profitability in India rather than general apprehension about the negative impact. However, the interactive effects of LCR through advances negatively influence the banks’ profitability. Variables such as deposits, Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) have no statistically significant relation with banks’ profitability. This article recommends that Basel III guidelines should not be looked at negatively for the performance of banks.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135918143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.1177/09763996231193203
Ky Nam Nguyen, Quang Anh Phan, Van Duoc Mai, Hoai Giang Dang
Le Thi Ram, or Phi Yen the Imperial Concubine as she is more commonly known, is a divisive figure in the folklore of Vietnam. The inhabitants of Con Dao Island have held Phi Yen in high esteem for many years because of her noble deeds in the nineteenth century. A memorial service was organized in her honour by the Con Dao community and was added to the register of Vietnam’s intangible cultural treasures in early 2022. However, this prompted debate about the veracity of the memorial service and the character being honoured. This study uses three theoretical frameworks to analyse the debates over whether to remove the commemoration of Lady Phi Yen’s death: contested heritage, heritagization and historical revisionism. The debate centres on two opposing camps: those supporting keeping the commemoration and those who do not. This research adds to our understanding of the debates surrounding Vietnam’s efforts to protect and promote its intangible cultural heritage and suggests directions for the future.
{"title":"Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Controversies over Contested Intangible Heritage in Vietnam Seen from the Case Study of Lady Phi Yen","authors":"Ky Nam Nguyen, Quang Anh Phan, Van Duoc Mai, Hoai Giang Dang","doi":"10.1177/09763996231193203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231193203","url":null,"abstract":"Le Thi Ram, or Phi Yen the Imperial Concubine as she is more commonly known, is a divisive figure in the folklore of Vietnam. The inhabitants of Con Dao Island have held Phi Yen in high esteem for many years because of her noble deeds in the nineteenth century. A memorial service was organized in her honour by the Con Dao community and was added to the register of Vietnam’s intangible cultural treasures in early 2022. However, this prompted debate about the veracity of the memorial service and the character being honoured. This study uses three theoretical frameworks to analyse the debates over whether to remove the commemoration of Lady Phi Yen’s death: contested heritage, heritagization and historical revisionism. The debate centres on two opposing camps: those supporting keeping the commemoration and those who do not. This research adds to our understanding of the debates surrounding Vietnam’s efforts to protect and promote its intangible cultural heritage and suggests directions for the future.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135301577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.1177/09763996231193114
Pratick Mallick
Dalits are the people oppressed by the Brahmins since the Vedic Age. A portion of them now belongs to the Scheduled Castes since independence. Reservation has been introduced for them in education, public employments and different tiers of elections. A tiny section of the Dalits availing these opportunities ultimately entered the middle class. But globalization diluted this opportunity for them. Moreover, Hindutva politics has been able to convince the educated young Dalits in favour of globalization as against Marxist narratives and efforts. This article addresses various discourses of Dalit middle class like its identity formation, emancipation-empowerment debates, bargains among different doctrines, rise of Hindutva politics mobilizing the Dalit middle class, a reverse caste politics mobilizing Brahmins under the authority of the Dalits with special reference to the politics of Bahujan Samaj Party and, finally, the Dalits’ demands for reservation in private sector while that in public sector is on the wane with the surge of globalization. This article is a qualitative one employing, at first, historical methodology based on secondary sources; then to authenticate and substantiate with the reality, the ethnographic surveys and interviews became necessary.
{"title":"Dalit Middle Class in Contemporary India: Various Discourses","authors":"Pratick Mallick","doi":"10.1177/09763996231193114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231193114","url":null,"abstract":"Dalits are the people oppressed by the Brahmins since the Vedic Age. A portion of them now belongs to the Scheduled Castes since independence. Reservation has been introduced for them in education, public employments and different tiers of elections. A tiny section of the Dalits availing these opportunities ultimately entered the middle class. But globalization diluted this opportunity for them. Moreover, Hindutva politics has been able to convince the educated young Dalits in favour of globalization as against Marxist narratives and efforts. This article addresses various discourses of Dalit middle class like its identity formation, emancipation-empowerment debates, bargains among different doctrines, rise of Hindutva politics mobilizing the Dalit middle class, a reverse caste politics mobilizing Brahmins under the authority of the Dalits with special reference to the politics of Bahujan Samaj Party and, finally, the Dalits’ demands for reservation in private sector while that in public sector is on the wane with the surge of globalization. This article is a qualitative one employing, at first, historical methodology based on secondary sources; then to authenticate and substantiate with the reality, the ethnographic surveys and interviews became necessary.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135301575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1177/09763996231196021
Lakhwinder Singh, Sukhpal Singh
{"title":"Trade and Development in Asia: An Introduction","authors":"Lakhwinder Singh, Sukhpal Singh","doi":"10.1177/09763996231196021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231196021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47569601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.1177/09763996231189982
A. Verma
Swaran Singh and Reena Marwah (eds.), 2023. Multilateralism in Indo-Pacific: Conceptual and Operational Challenges. Routledge, 203 pp., $42. ISBN 978103244693.
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.1177/09763996231184569
E. M. Buthelezi
This article investigates the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and fiscal consolidation on government debt share to GDP and GDP in BRICS countries. Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model from 2009 to 2022. The article gives insights into the relationship between EPU, fiscal consolidation and government debt share to GDP with the GDP in the BRICS countries, then advance economies which are mostly undertaken in literature. The findings of the article are that EPU has an insignificant impact on government debt share to GDP in the short and long run. However, fiscal consolidation has a significant impact on reducing government debt share to GDP in the long run. In terms of GDP, EPU has a significant negative impact in the long run but not in the short run. Fiscal consolidation has a significant positive impact on GDP in the short run. Fiscal consolidation is recommended as a growth policy that does not reduce government debt share to GDP.
{"title":"BRICS Economies: Assessing the Influence of Economic Policy Uncertainty and Fiscal Consolidation on Government Debt and Economic Growth","authors":"E. M. Buthelezi","doi":"10.1177/09763996231184569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231184569","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and fiscal consolidation on government debt share to GDP and GDP in BRICS countries. Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model from 2009 to 2022. The article gives insights into the relationship between EPU, fiscal consolidation and government debt share to GDP with the GDP in the BRICS countries, then advance economies which are mostly undertaken in literature. The findings of the article are that EPU has an insignificant impact on government debt share to GDP in the short and long run. However, fiscal consolidation has a significant impact on reducing government debt share to GDP in the long run. In terms of GDP, EPU has a significant negative impact in the long run but not in the short run. Fiscal consolidation has a significant positive impact on GDP in the short run. Fiscal consolidation is recommended as a growth policy that does not reduce government debt share to GDP.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47665918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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