Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.1177/09763996231180145
Daniel K. N. Johnson, Lakhwinder Singh, K. Bhangoo, T. Qin
The Indian state of Punjab, which initially benefited greatly from the green revolution, has suffered from a dramatic rise in agrarian suicides for several decades. We use a carefully constructed sample of over 1,000 farmers in the epicentre, and build a three-stage model of agricultural production decisions across multiple input and multiple output choices, indebtedness from multiple sources and suicide via an IPWRA (inverse probability weighted regression adjustment) treatment model to trace the potential roots of the situation. Results show that the use of informal credit from commission agents by farmers accounts for 10 percentage points (or 20%) of all suicides in our sample, regardless of other household factors and choices.
{"title":"The Deadly Cost of Informal Lending: An Economic Model of Agrarian Suicide in Punjab","authors":"Daniel K. N. Johnson, Lakhwinder Singh, K. Bhangoo, T. Qin","doi":"10.1177/09763996231180145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231180145","url":null,"abstract":"The Indian state of Punjab, which initially benefited greatly from the green revolution, has suffered from a dramatic rise in agrarian suicides for several decades. We use a carefully constructed sample of over 1,000 farmers in the epicentre, and build a three-stage model of agricultural production decisions across multiple input and multiple output choices, indebtedness from multiple sources and suicide via an IPWRA (inverse probability weighted regression adjustment) treatment model to trace the potential roots of the situation. Results show that the use of informal credit from commission agents by farmers accounts for 10 percentage points (or 20%) of all suicides in our sample, regardless of other household factors and choices.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44109989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-30DOI: 10.1177/09763996231175382
G. Ullah, Sameer Kumar, F. Furuoka
The article aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the extant literature on online hedonic consumers’ privacy. Further, the authors attempt to identify a gap in online hedonic consumer behaviour focusing on their privacy. The authors systematically reviewed the extant literature on online hedonic consumers and their various privacy-related issues. The discussion on ‘privacy’, ‘online shopping’, ‘hedonic consumption’ and ‘hedonic-motivation system (HMS)’ elucidated any confusion held by the researchers and readers. This review offered insight into the current status of research in this field and recognized the factor ‘privacy’ as a gap in the existing model of online hedonic consumer behaviour that could be properly explored in further scholarly empirical research. The exclusion of non-English language articles and the lack of inclusion of different kinds of hedonic products or services other than ‘online shopping’ were the limitations of this article. Managers and e-commerce vendors could utilize the findings of this review to address their hedonic consumers’ privacy for the growth of their online businesses. This review lays the groundwork to explore online hedonic consumers’ privacy in detail. To address the gaps identified through this study, the development of a new overarching model of online hedonic consumer behaviour is suggested for future researchers, which might provide a theoretical framework for scholars to further examine the effect of privacy on online hedonic consumers.
{"title":"Hedonic Consumers’ Privacy in Online Shopping: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"G. Ullah, Sameer Kumar, F. Furuoka","doi":"10.1177/09763996231175382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231175382","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the extant literature on online hedonic consumers’ privacy. Further, the authors attempt to identify a gap in online hedonic consumer behaviour focusing on their privacy. The authors systematically reviewed the extant literature on online hedonic consumers and their various privacy-related issues. The discussion on ‘privacy’, ‘online shopping’, ‘hedonic consumption’ and ‘hedonic-motivation system (HMS)’ elucidated any confusion held by the researchers and readers. This review offered insight into the current status of research in this field and recognized the factor ‘privacy’ as a gap in the existing model of online hedonic consumer behaviour that could be properly explored in further scholarly empirical research. The exclusion of non-English language articles and the lack of inclusion of different kinds of hedonic products or services other than ‘online shopping’ were the limitations of this article. Managers and e-commerce vendors could utilize the findings of this review to address their hedonic consumers’ privacy for the growth of their online businesses. This review lays the groundwork to explore online hedonic consumers’ privacy in detail. To address the gaps identified through this study, the development of a new overarching model of online hedonic consumer behaviour is suggested for future researchers, which might provide a theoretical framework for scholars to further examine the effect of privacy on online hedonic consumers.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44330294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1177/09763996231176438
Manisha, Ranjan Aneja
Financial system is considered an important factor to enhance the productivity growth. Financial development (FD) is closely related with economic process as it leads to higher saving and efficiency. The nexus between FD and economic growth is increasingly well established. This paper measures the effect of development in financial sector on the total factor productivity (TFP) of Indian manufacturing sector for the period of 1998–2017. This study used autoregressive distributed lag co-integration approach and Granger causality test to investigate relationship between the financial development index (FDI) and productivity. The results of the study revealed that there is long-run association between FDI and productivity growth of manufacturing sector in India. The study also investigated that the unidirectional relationship exists between FD and TFP of Indian manufacturing sector from FDI to TFP change.
{"title":"Financial Development and Productivity of Manufacturing Sector in India: An Econometric Analysis","authors":"Manisha, Ranjan Aneja","doi":"10.1177/09763996231176438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231176438","url":null,"abstract":"Financial system is considered an important factor to enhance the productivity growth. Financial development (FD) is closely related with economic process as it leads to higher saving and efficiency. The nexus between FD and economic growth is increasingly well established. This paper measures the effect of development in financial sector on the total factor productivity (TFP) of Indian manufacturing sector for the period of 1998–2017. This study used autoregressive distributed lag co-integration approach and Granger causality test to investigate relationship between the financial development index (FDI) and productivity. The results of the study revealed that there is long-run association between FDI and productivity growth of manufacturing sector in India. The study also investigated that the unidirectional relationship exists between FD and TFP of Indian manufacturing sector from FDI to TFP change.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43054155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.1177/09763996231175989
Mohd Irshad, S. H. Qayed
This study examines the employment elasticity of growth at the sectoral level using the KLEMS database for the period 1980–1981 to 2018–2019. After estimating elasticity, we employ the dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) technique to investigate its determinants. The elasticity for the overall period falls between 0.91 and −0.039. Elasticity estimation at the sub-period level varies across three different sub-periods. Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing, and mining and quarrying observed negative elasticity of −0.58 and −0.63, respectively, whereas services and construction show the highest positive elasticity. The DOLS estimation shows that in the full panel, labour quality and wages positively impact employment elasticity of growth, whereas the dummy representing the reforms of 1991 negatively impacts employment elasticity. The magnitude of the coefficient of the workers involved in strikes and lockouts and days lost due to strikes is zero although it is significant. The sectoral analysis shows that the sign and significance of the coefficients vary across the industries except for labour quality. Labour quality is positively significant for almost all the industries in both equations. Wages and employment elasticity observe unique patterns, for example relatively highest and lowest-paying sectors observe reduced employment elasticity. Finally, we suggest that specific policy formulation and efforts are needed to be in place to promote quality of labour and relish real demographic dividends.
{"title":"Determinants of Employment Intensity of Growth in India: An Insight from Panel Data","authors":"Mohd Irshad, S. H. Qayed","doi":"10.1177/09763996231175989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231175989","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the employment elasticity of growth at the sectoral level using the KLEMS database for the period 1980–1981 to 2018–2019. After estimating elasticity, we employ the dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) technique to investigate its determinants. The elasticity for the overall period falls between 0.91 and −0.039. Elasticity estimation at the sub-period level varies across three different sub-periods. Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing, and mining and quarrying observed negative elasticity of −0.58 and −0.63, respectively, whereas services and construction show the highest positive elasticity. The DOLS estimation shows that in the full panel, labour quality and wages positively impact employment elasticity of growth, whereas the dummy representing the reforms of 1991 negatively impacts employment elasticity. The magnitude of the coefficient of the workers involved in strikes and lockouts and days lost due to strikes is zero although it is significant. The sectoral analysis shows that the sign and significance of the coefficients vary across the industries except for labour quality. Labour quality is positively significant for almost all the industries in both equations. Wages and employment elasticity observe unique patterns, for example relatively highest and lowest-paying sectors observe reduced employment elasticity. Finally, we suggest that specific policy formulation and efforts are needed to be in place to promote quality of labour and relish real demographic dividends.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49490822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.1177/09763996231179507
Youn Ki, Eunbin Chung
Do voters punish political parties for unsatisfactory performance on issues and traits the parties are expected to excel at? Issue and trait ownership theories stipulate that parties establish reputations regarding policy issues and attributes; voters then reward or punish the party depending on how much voter expectations were met. However, reactions to politicians’ performances may vary depending on voters’ moral intuitions and party affiliations. Analyzing survey and news data on the 2021 mayoral byelection in Seoul, South Korea, we find that party reputation and the expectation gap affected votes. Also, as moral foundations theory (MFT) suggests, differing moral priorities of liberal and conservative voters explain variation in responses to ethical violations. Our findings suggest the applicability of the party ownership framework and MFT in a newer, non-Western democracy. This study contributes to our understanding of voting behaviour in South Korea, with an emphasis on reputation, expectation gaps and moral intuitions.
{"title":"Party Reputation, Moral Expectations and Voting Behaviour in South Korea","authors":"Youn Ki, Eunbin Chung","doi":"10.1177/09763996231179507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231179507","url":null,"abstract":"Do voters punish political parties for unsatisfactory performance on issues and traits the parties are expected to excel at? Issue and trait ownership theories stipulate that parties establish reputations regarding policy issues and attributes; voters then reward or punish the party depending on how much voter expectations were met. However, reactions to politicians’ performances may vary depending on voters’ moral intuitions and party affiliations. Analyzing survey and news data on the 2021 mayoral byelection in Seoul, South Korea, we find that party reputation and the expectation gap affected votes. Also, as moral foundations theory (MFT) suggests, differing moral priorities of liberal and conservative voters explain variation in responses to ethical violations. Our findings suggest the applicability of the party ownership framework and MFT in a newer, non-Western democracy. This study contributes to our understanding of voting behaviour in South Korea, with an emphasis on reputation, expectation gaps and moral intuitions.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48712024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.1177/09763996231177366
Rugmini Devi M, J. T. Mammen, Girish Kumar R
A nation’s competitive advantage in the modern world is determined by its access to emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, 5G and cloud computing. This competition has led to the imposition of neo-mercantilist policies to promote and protect domestic industries and substantially reduce foreign investments in the technology sector, especially from rival countries. This phenomenon, termed technonationalism, and the reasons for its emergence in the contemporary world and its variants across major economies are analysed using the neo-realist framework of international relations, particularly the theory of internal balancing. An attempt is made to trace the existence of technonationalism in India by examining six overarching policies of the government. The article elucidates how technonationalism drives the national innovation system in a country through the case study of Techgentsia, an Indian company whose software products are promoted by the Government of India towards strengthening India’s national security. It concludes that India’s technonationalist policies are driven by the heightened threat perception in the international system.
{"title":"Balancing through Technonationalism and its Impact on India’s National Innovation System: A Case Study of Techgentsia","authors":"Rugmini Devi M, J. T. Mammen, Girish Kumar R","doi":"10.1177/09763996231177366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231177366","url":null,"abstract":"A nation’s competitive advantage in the modern world is determined by its access to emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, 5G and cloud computing. This competition has led to the imposition of neo-mercantilist policies to promote and protect domestic industries and substantially reduce foreign investments in the technology sector, especially from rival countries. This phenomenon, termed technonationalism, and the reasons for its emergence in the contemporary world and its variants across major economies are analysed using the neo-realist framework of international relations, particularly the theory of internal balancing. An attempt is made to trace the existence of technonationalism in India by examining six overarching policies of the government. The article elucidates how technonationalism drives the national innovation system in a country through the case study of Techgentsia, an Indian company whose software products are promoted by the Government of India towards strengthening India’s national security. It concludes that India’s technonationalist policies are driven by the heightened threat perception in the international system.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47295443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.1177/09763996231177437
Asmita Goswami, K. Narayanan
The large share of the service sector and its status as a net exporter raise concerns about the sustainability of such growth for a developing economy like India. Given the context, the present article attempts to examine the productivity dynamics of the service sector in India at the industry level. We use the India KLEMS dataset to identify the trends in total factor productivity (TFP) growth and the growth in factor inputs. By uniquely combining the India KLEMS dataset with the trade values in the Extended Balance of Payments Services classification, we examine the dynamics between TFP growth and exports of services using panel vector autoregression technique. The trends in factor inputs show that there is capital deepening within services and the growth in employment remained comparatively lower. The results indicate a feedback effect of exports and productivity growth within the service sector. Additionally, we note that the use of more skilled labour that is better equipped to handle new technology also contributes to growth in the service sector, both in terms of productivity and exports.
{"title":"Productivity and Exports: An Industry-Level Analysis of the Service Sector in India","authors":"Asmita Goswami, K. Narayanan","doi":"10.1177/09763996231177437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231177437","url":null,"abstract":"The large share of the service sector and its status as a net exporter raise concerns about the sustainability of such growth for a developing economy like India. Given the context, the present article attempts to examine the productivity dynamics of the service sector in India at the industry level. We use the India KLEMS dataset to identify the trends in total factor productivity (TFP) growth and the growth in factor inputs. By uniquely combining the India KLEMS dataset with the trade values in the Extended Balance of Payments Services classification, we examine the dynamics between TFP growth and exports of services using panel vector autoregression technique. The trends in factor inputs show that there is capital deepening within services and the growth in employment remained comparatively lower. The results indicate a feedback effect of exports and productivity growth within the service sector. Additionally, we note that the use of more skilled labour that is better equipped to handle new technology also contributes to growth in the service sector, both in terms of productivity and exports.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49293371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.1177/09763996231174541
Pankaj Vashisht
After following import-substituting policies for nearly three decades, India opted for liberal economic regime in the early 1990s. Since then, it has emerged as one of the fastest growing economies in the world. However, concerns have been raised about the distributional consequences of liberalization. This article attempts to quantify the impact of trade on wage inequality in the Indian manufacturing sector. Estimating a relative wage equation with a panel of 49 manufacturing industries, this article found a positive association between trade and wage disparity in Indian manufacturing, but the association is contingent on the direction of trade. Our results show that after controlling skill-biased technological change and other variables, trade, especially exports to developed and developing countries, has an opposite impact on wage disparity.
{"title":"International Trade and Wage Inequality in India: Does Direction of Trade Matter?","authors":"Pankaj Vashisht","doi":"10.1177/09763996231174541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231174541","url":null,"abstract":"After following import-substituting policies for nearly three decades, India opted for liberal economic regime in the early 1990s. Since then, it has emerged as one of the fastest growing economies in the world. However, concerns have been raised about the distributional consequences of liberalization. This article attempts to quantify the impact of trade on wage inequality in the Indian manufacturing sector. Estimating a relative wage equation with a panel of 49 manufacturing industries, this article found a positive association between trade and wage disparity in Indian manufacturing, but the association is contingent on the direction of trade. Our results show that after controlling skill-biased technological change and other variables, trade, especially exports to developed and developing countries, has an opposite impact on wage disparity.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42467780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-12DOI: 10.1177/09763996231174268
M. Hossain, Yu Shi, M. Jahan
COVID-19 is the greatest challenge the world has faced since World War II. By investigating two case countries—China and India, this study explains the variance based on the theory of the ‘social construction of risk’ concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. Does an individual country’s culture, style of governance, construction of risk, and communication affect the management of COVID-19? Findings reveal that the variations of risk construction and communication of narratives play a pivotal role in building the public perception of crisis. Cultural homogeneity and collectivism, the constitutional setting for policymaking risk narratives and communication, are crucial determinants of effective crisis management, and many states lacking these factors suffer profound difficulties. Regarding these, China is more successful than India in creating the social construction of the risk of COVID-19 crisis narratives. The policy implication of this study helps the government find a better approach to persuade its citizens to comply with the public health policy in case of an emergency.
{"title":"Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Crisis Narratives and Social Construction of Risk: Comparative Case Studies of China and India","authors":"M. Hossain, Yu Shi, M. Jahan","doi":"10.1177/09763996231174268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231174268","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is the greatest challenge the world has faced since World War II. By investigating two case countries—China and India, this study explains the variance based on the theory of the ‘social construction of risk’ concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. Does an individual country’s culture, style of governance, construction of risk, and communication affect the management of COVID-19? Findings reveal that the variations of risk construction and communication of narratives play a pivotal role in building the public perception of crisis. Cultural homogeneity and collectivism, the constitutional setting for policymaking risk narratives and communication, are crucial determinants of effective crisis management, and many states lacking these factors suffer profound difficulties. Regarding these, China is more successful than India in creating the social construction of the risk of COVID-19 crisis narratives. The policy implication of this study helps the government find a better approach to persuade its citizens to comply with the public health policy in case of an emergency.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48535880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.1177/09763996231177584
V. Varghese
This article shows how migration from India to the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries has been the primary determinant in constituting India’s regulative infrastructures that govern its transnational migrations. The article identifies three moments in the history of India–Gulf connection through migration since the 1970s to suggest that the Indian state regulations on the emigrant workers evolved over time progressively in response to specific challenges offered by the labour flows to the Gulf than migrations to other destinations. It suggests that the temporal controls in a sending country are outcomes of complex mediations involving diverse players and conditions and are in a constant state of becoming.
{"title":"Labour Migration to the Gulf and India’s Emigration Governance: Expanding Bounds of Protection","authors":"V. Varghese","doi":"10.1177/09763996231177584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996231177584","url":null,"abstract":"This article shows how migration from India to the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries has been the primary determinant in constituting India’s regulative infrastructures that govern its transnational migrations. The article identifies three moments in the history of India–Gulf connection through migration since the 1970s to suggest that the Indian state regulations on the emigrant workers evolved over time progressively in response to specific challenges offered by the labour flows to the Gulf than migrations to other destinations. It suggests that the temporal controls in a sending country are outcomes of complex mediations involving diverse players and conditions and are in a constant state of becoming.","PeriodicalId":41791,"journal":{"name":"Millennial Asia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41434477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：