Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.14712/23361980.2023.12
Faezeh Afarideh, Mohammad Hossein Ramasht, Graham Mortyn
Tehran is one of the most polluted cities in the world with 48 days of air pollution exceeding the admissible threshold (AQI > 150) for 3 months of the 15 years studied. This period coincides with the time when Tehran’s inversion reaches its maximum stability. The purpose of this study was to determine the height of air pollution in Tehran in the days when pollution exceeds the permissible limit. Continuing to study the pressure and temperature conditions of these days, we then considered the geographical and topographic conditions, and finally identified the best of these cells for potential theoretical air turbulence. The results of this study, based on the Harmonic Analysis method and based on Tehran temperature and pressure data over a 15-year period (2003–2017), show that the highest elevation of Tehran inversion does not exceed 1800 m on polluted days. Only within 6 days of those beyond the admissible threshold, temperature and pressure cells with the highest Newtonian mass are formed. The center of these cells formed with a compressive difference of 32 mg in November, 7 mg in January, 11 mg in December, and temperature difference of 1.1° in November, 4.4° in January, and 1.9° in December. Generally, we considered the formed cells by the temperature and pressure difference and the gradient between them, as well as the difference in height between the cells and their location. This information, combined with the local winds causing the differences in temperature and pressure, allows us to elucidate conditions for creating air turbulence in Tehran and mitigating the amount and degree of air pollution.
{"title":"Air pollution and topography in Tehran","authors":"Faezeh Afarideh, Mohammad Hossein Ramasht, Graham Mortyn","doi":"10.14712/23361980.2023.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361980.2023.12","url":null,"abstract":"Tehran is one of the most polluted cities in the world with 48 days of air pollution exceeding the admissible threshold (AQI > 150) for 3 months of the 15 years studied. This period coincides with the time when Tehran’s inversion reaches its maximum stability. The purpose of this study was to determine the height of air pollution in Tehran in the days when pollution exceeds the permissible limit. Continuing to study the pressure and temperature conditions of these days, we then considered the geographical and topographic conditions, and finally identified the best of these cells for potential theoretical air turbulence. The results of this study, based on the Harmonic Analysis method and based on Tehran temperature and pressure data over a 15-year period (2003–2017), show that the highest elevation of Tehran inversion does not exceed 1800 m on polluted days. Only within 6 days of those beyond the admissible threshold, temperature and pressure cells with the highest Newtonian mass are formed. The center of these cells formed with a compressive difference of 32 mg in November, 7 mg in January, 11 mg in December, and temperature difference of 1.1° in November, 4.4° in January, and 1.9° in December. Generally, we considered the formed cells by the temperature and pressure difference and the gradient between them, as well as the difference in height between the cells and their location. This information, combined with the local winds causing the differences in temperature and pressure, allows us to elucidate conditions for creating air turbulence in Tehran and mitigating the amount and degree of air pollution.","PeriodicalId":41831,"journal":{"name":"AUC Geographica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135567482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.14712/23361980.2023.11
V. Ștîrba
This article aims to analyze the effects of cancer mortality on life expectancy at birth in 15 European high-income countries between 1950 and 2019. To establish the 1950–2019 time series of deaths from cancer, mortality data were harmonized from the available datasets of the World Health Organization Mortality database, coded according to the International Classification of Diseases of the 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th editions. The estimation of the cancer mortality effect on the life expectancy at birth was performed using the algorithm of stepwise replacement for the life expectancy decomposition. The increase in cancer mortality contributed to a decline in overall life expectancy growth until the mid-1990s, coinciding with the aging cohorts of heavy smokers and a long-term reduction in mortality from other non-communicable diseases. Subsequently, since the 1990s, the reduction in cancer mortality has contributed to a significant increase in life expectancy at birth, especially in males. Reduction in cancer mortality was the outcome of various factors, such as alcohol and tobacco control policies, advances in cancer prevention and its treatment, general increase in population well-being, and reduction in risk-factors.
{"title":"Effects of cancer mortality on life expectancy in European high-income countries between 1950 and 2019","authors":"V. Ștîrba","doi":"10.14712/23361980.2023.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361980.2023.11","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to analyze the effects of cancer mortality on life expectancy at birth in 15 European high-income countries between 1950 and 2019. To establish the 1950–2019 time series of deaths from cancer, mortality data were harmonized from the available datasets of the World Health Organization Mortality database, coded according to the International Classification of Diseases of the 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th editions. The estimation of the cancer mortality effect on the life expectancy at birth was performed using the algorithm of stepwise replacement for the life expectancy decomposition. The increase in cancer mortality contributed to a decline in overall life expectancy growth until the mid-1990s, coinciding with the aging cohorts of heavy smokers and a long-term reduction in mortality from other non-communicable diseases. Subsequently, since the 1990s, the reduction in cancer mortality has contributed to a significant increase in life expectancy at birth, especially in males. Reduction in cancer mortality was the outcome of various factors, such as alcohol and tobacco control policies, advances in cancer prevention and its treatment, general increase in population well-being, and reduction in risk-factors.","PeriodicalId":41831,"journal":{"name":"AUC Geographica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88593272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.14712/23361980.2023.10
I. Bollati, V. Caironi, Alessio Gallo, Eliana Muccignato, M. Pelfini, Tullio Bagnati
Geoheritage is recognized as a component of the cultural heritage, especially in areas like UNESCO Global Geoparks. In the Sesia Val Grande UNESCO Global Geopark (northern Italy), the “Comuniterrae project” is a participated project focusing on the elaboration of Community Maps of the Middle Lands and including 10 municipalities located in a “mid” territory between the valley bottom and the highlands. Local communities have inventoried 270 elements, both immaterial and material, as components of their cultural heritage. These sites show a strong link with the geological and geomorphological background. We aimed at enlightening this link by selecting the most iconic geo-cultural sites. An original procedure of classification based on 3 main criteria was set on 70 selected sites: i) the kind of geofeatures; ii) the spatial relation between geofeatures and cultural sites, and the reciprocal conditioning; iii) the relation between humans and geofeatures. The results highlight that heritage stones and natural landforms, especially if conditioning the cultural site location, are the most recurrent categories. The use of geofeatures by humans is the most common kind of relation. These results invite to organize meetings with local populations to discuss these outcomes, and to enrich the touristic offer with multidisciplinary approaches.
{"title":"How to integrate cultural and geological heritage? The case of the Comuniterrae project (Sesia Val Grande UNESCO Global Geopark, northern Italy)","authors":"I. Bollati, V. Caironi, Alessio Gallo, Eliana Muccignato, M. Pelfini, Tullio Bagnati","doi":"10.14712/23361980.2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361980.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"Geoheritage is recognized as a component of the cultural heritage, especially in areas like UNESCO Global Geoparks. In the Sesia Val Grande UNESCO Global Geopark (northern Italy), the “Comuniterrae project” is a participated project focusing on the elaboration of Community Maps of the Middle Lands and including 10 municipalities located in a “mid” territory between the valley bottom and the highlands. Local communities have inventoried 270 elements, both immaterial and material, as components of their cultural heritage. These sites show a strong link with the geological and geomorphological background. We aimed at enlightening this link by selecting the most iconic geo-cultural sites. An original procedure of classification based on 3 main criteria was set on 70 selected sites: i) the kind of geofeatures; ii) the spatial relation between geofeatures and cultural sites, and the reciprocal conditioning; iii) the relation between humans and geofeatures. The results highlight that heritage stones and natural landforms, especially if conditioning the cultural site location, are the most recurrent categories. The use of geofeatures by humans is the most common kind of relation. These results invite to organize meetings with local populations to discuss these outcomes, and to enrich the touristic offer with multidisciplinary approaches.","PeriodicalId":41831,"journal":{"name":"AUC Geographica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76184987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.14712/23361980.2023.6
O. Harbar, O. Lavryk, I. Khomiak, R. Vlasenko, T. Andriychuk, Vitaliy Kostiuk
Landsat satellite images (Landsat-5 for the period of 1990–2010 and Landsat-8 for the year of 2020) were used for the spatiotemporal analysis of the dynamics of the main habitats of the Kozachelaherska arena (Nyzhniodniprovsky sands, Kherson region, Ukraine). The algorithm of minimum distance of automatic k-mean clustering was used for the classification of the satellite images. Habitats were classified according to EUNIS classification principles. The analysis revealed a considerable decrease in a summary area of coniferous plantations in the period of 2000–2010. During the last two decades, the area of losses significantly exceeded the renewal area of coniferous plantations. The area of large permanent aquatic habitats in the north-east part of the arena decreased by 2.5 times in the last thirty years. The water supply of the territory is constantly decreasing, probably due to the reduction in precipitation and in the ground water level. At the same time, the area of territories under open sand doubled, the process of sand overgrowth with vegetation has slowed down, and its losses have increased. All these changes are most likely caused by the increasingly arid climate in southern Ukraine, which may, over time, lead to the replacement of habitats characteristic of sandy steppes with habitats of open sands.
{"title":"Spatiоtemporal analysis of the changes of the main habitats of the Kozachelaherska arena (Nyzhniodniprovsky sands, Kherson region, Ukraine) in the period of 1990–2020","authors":"O. Harbar, O. Lavryk, I. Khomiak, R. Vlasenko, T. Andriychuk, Vitaliy Kostiuk","doi":"10.14712/23361980.2023.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361980.2023.6","url":null,"abstract":"Landsat satellite images (Landsat-5 for the period of 1990–2010 and Landsat-8 for the year of 2020) were used for the spatiotemporal analysis of the dynamics of the main habitats of the Kozachelaherska arena (Nyzhniodniprovsky sands, Kherson region, Ukraine). The algorithm of minimum distance of automatic k-mean clustering was used for the classification of the satellite images. Habitats were classified according to EUNIS classification principles. The analysis revealed a considerable decrease in a summary area of coniferous plantations in the period of 2000–2010. During the last two decades, the area of losses significantly exceeded the renewal area of coniferous plantations. The area of large permanent aquatic habitats in the north-east part of the arena decreased by 2.5 times in the last thirty years. The water supply of the territory is constantly decreasing, probably due to the reduction in precipitation and in the ground water level. At the same time, the area of territories under open sand doubled, the process of sand overgrowth with vegetation has slowed down, and its losses have increased. All these changes are most likely caused by the increasingly arid climate in southern Ukraine, which may, over time, lead to the replacement of habitats characteristic of sandy steppes with habitats of open sands.","PeriodicalId":41831,"journal":{"name":"AUC Geographica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90383374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.14712/23361980.2023.8
M. Feyzolahpour, Hasan Ghasemlu, Mostafa Mahdavi Fard
This article investigates the human impact on the mangrove forest in the Qeshm Geopark on the Qeshm Island in the south of Iran from 1986 to 2020. The area of mangrove forests increased by 14% from 5,131 hectares in 1986 to 5,472 hectares in 2000, and to 5,967 hectares in 2020. The mangrove forest is threatened by oil and gas facilities and a zinc smelter located on the island. The average concentration of nickel in sediment (97.2 μg/g) and in leaves (3.1 μg/g) was higher than the average concentration of vanadium in sediment (38.7 μg/g) and in leaves (0.5 μg/g). The results showed that the transfer coefficient of nickel and vanadium from root to leaf on the dry side of the Qeshm habitat (r = 0.597 and r = 0.516, respectively) was positively correlated with pH. Therefore, increasing the pH leads to an increased metal transfer from the root to the leaf, which endangers the mangrove habitat on the island. The mangrove forest in the vicinity of the zinc factory is threatened by high concentrations of lead (244.2 ppm), zinc (3172.8 ppm), arsenic, and cadmium found in the soil sample.
{"title":"The impact of human activities on the mangrove forests of the Qeshm Island, Iran","authors":"M. Feyzolahpour, Hasan Ghasemlu, Mostafa Mahdavi Fard","doi":"10.14712/23361980.2023.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361980.2023.8","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the human impact on the mangrove forest in the Qeshm Geopark on the Qeshm Island in the south of Iran from 1986 to 2020. The area of mangrove forests increased by 14% from 5,131 hectares in 1986 to 5,472 hectares in 2000, and to 5,967 hectares in 2020. The mangrove forest is threatened by oil and gas facilities and a zinc smelter located on the island. The average concentration of nickel in sediment (97.2 μg/g) and in leaves (3.1 μg/g) was higher than the average concentration of vanadium in sediment (38.7 μg/g) and in leaves (0.5 μg/g). The results showed that the transfer coefficient of nickel and vanadium from root to leaf on the dry side of the Qeshm habitat (r = 0.597 and r = 0.516, respectively) was positively correlated with pH. Therefore, increasing the pH leads to an increased metal transfer from the root to the leaf, which endangers the mangrove habitat on the island. The mangrove forest in the vicinity of the zinc factory is threatened by high concentrations of lead (244.2 ppm), zinc (3172.8 ppm), arsenic, and cadmium found in the soil sample.","PeriodicalId":41831,"journal":{"name":"AUC Geographica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84454271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.14712/23361980.2023.9
L. Benes
This paper examines different forms of leadership in strategic planning in structurally affected regions of Czechia. Based on the leadership concepts and strategic planning in municipalities, evaluates different leadership approaches according to the population size of municipalities and the stability/continuity of municipal representatives. Four types of leaders were identified, with entrepreneurial leadership being the most important in all examined regions. The dependence of the types of leadership on the stability/ continuity of government in strategic planning was revealed, while, the dependence on the population size of municipalities was no. The importance of entrepreneurial leadership increases with the increasing number of electoral cycles elected leaders remain in office.
{"title":"Different forms of innovation leadership in the strategic planning of municipalities in the structurally affected regions of Czechia","authors":"L. Benes","doi":"10.14712/23361980.2023.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361980.2023.9","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines different forms of leadership in strategic planning in structurally affected regions of Czechia. Based on the leadership concepts and strategic planning in municipalities, evaluates different leadership approaches according to the population size of municipalities and the stability/continuity of municipal representatives. Four types of leaders were identified, with entrepreneurial leadership being the most important in all examined regions. The dependence of the types of leadership on the stability/ continuity of government in strategic planning was revealed, while, the dependence on the population size of municipalities was no. The importance of entrepreneurial leadership increases with the increasing number of electoral cycles elected leaders remain in office.","PeriodicalId":41831,"journal":{"name":"AUC Geographica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79004385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.14712/23361980.2023.7
Gema Velásquez Espinoza, I. Alcántara-Ayala
This article provides a chronological account of the occurrence and impact of tropical cyclones in Nicaragua between 1971 and 2020. While previous research has indicated potential associations between climate change and the higher frequency of intense hurricanes, no known empirical research has focused on systematizing the chronology of the significant tropical cyclones to identify patterns of change in Nicaragua. Therefore, the principal objective of this project was to develop a general overview of the major tropical storms and hurricanes that occurred between 1971 and 2020, triggering disasters in Nicaragua. The empirical data was collected from various documents via qualitative and interpretative methodology. It included reviewing research articles, books, academic websites, databases, documents, credible reports of international organizations, and newspaper sources. This study identified that from 1971 to 2020, Nicaragua was affected by 22 tropical cyclones, which caused catastrophic damage to the territory. There are records of 17 Category 1–5 hurricanes, predominating Category 4, one with no class associated, and four tropical storms. Mitch, Felix, and Joan were the most damaging hurricanes that affected the country in the last five decades. They occurred in 1998, 2007, and 1988, respectively. Of the 22 tropical cyclones, 15 occurred during Cold ENSO, whereas only three in Warm ENSO, and four were neutral. Empirical results presented can be of value to future research on disaster risk reduction.
{"title":"The chronological account of the impact of tropical cyclones in Nicaragua between 1971 and 2020","authors":"Gema Velásquez Espinoza, I. Alcántara-Ayala","doi":"10.14712/23361980.2023.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361980.2023.7","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a chronological account of the occurrence and impact of tropical cyclones in Nicaragua between 1971 and 2020. While previous research has indicated potential associations between climate change and the higher frequency of intense hurricanes, no known empirical research has focused on systematizing the chronology of the significant tropical cyclones to identify patterns of change in Nicaragua. Therefore, the principal objective of this project was to develop a general overview of the major tropical storms and hurricanes that occurred between 1971 and 2020, triggering disasters in Nicaragua. The empirical data was collected from various documents via qualitative and interpretative methodology. It included reviewing research articles, books, academic websites, databases, documents, credible reports of international organizations, and newspaper sources. This study identified that from 1971 to 2020, Nicaragua was affected by 22 tropical cyclones, which caused catastrophic damage to the territory. There are records of 17 Category 1–5 hurricanes, predominating Category 4, one with no class associated, and four tropical storms. Mitch, Felix, and Joan were the most damaging hurricanes that affected the country in the last five decades. They occurred in 1998, 2007, and 1988, respectively. Of the 22 tropical cyclones, 15 occurred during Cold ENSO, whereas only three in Warm ENSO, and four were neutral. Empirical results presented can be of value to future research on disaster risk reduction.","PeriodicalId":41831,"journal":{"name":"AUC Geographica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78143168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-25DOI: 10.14712/23361980.2023.5
Helena Humňalová, František Ficek
Sanitation change continues to be on the forefront of the global development agenda, even as it is becoming clear that the targets established in the Sustainable Development Goals will not be met. But since improving access to safely managed sanitation facilities remains a cost-effective and impactful measure to improve people’s lives, it is still important to assess currently implemented policies to be able to learn from best practices and to understand how different approaches work under different contexts. This paper provides comparative analysis of country-level policies in India and Ethiopia, two countries that achieved notable progress in eliminating open defecation through distinct sanitation strategies, with the aim of confronting the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches. While in India the primary emphasis has been on the supply-side, i.e., provision of subsidized sanitation infrastructure, Ethiopian strategy prioritized the demand-side by addressing change in sanitation behavior through Community Total Led Sanitation. The analysis shows that neither of the strategies can fully achieve the sanitation change and a combination of both seems to be the most impactful approach in combating open defecation. It also argues that policymakers must consider not only local socioeconomic and budgetary constraints but also historical, institutional, sociocultural, and geographical specifics in deciding what type of subsidies would be the most fitting. At the same time, they also need to address the appropriate social norms to achieve the desirable change in sanitation behavior.
{"title":"Sanitation strategies for reducing open defecation in rural areas of India and Ethiopia","authors":"Helena Humňalová, František Ficek","doi":"10.14712/23361980.2023.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361980.2023.5","url":null,"abstract":"Sanitation change continues to be on the forefront of the global development agenda, even as it is becoming clear that the targets established in the Sustainable Development Goals will not be met. But since improving access to safely managed sanitation facilities remains a cost-effective and impactful measure to improve people’s lives, it is still important to assess currently implemented policies to be able to learn from best practices and to understand how different approaches work under different contexts. This paper provides comparative analysis of country-level policies in India and Ethiopia, two countries that achieved notable progress in eliminating open defecation through distinct sanitation strategies, with the aim of confronting the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches. While in India the primary emphasis has been on the supply-side, i.e., provision of subsidized sanitation infrastructure, Ethiopian strategy prioritized the demand-side by addressing change in sanitation behavior through Community Total Led Sanitation. The analysis shows that neither of the strategies can fully achieve the sanitation change and a combination of both seems to be the most impactful approach in combating open defecation. It also argues that policymakers must consider not only local socioeconomic and budgetary constraints but also historical, institutional, sociocultural, and geographical specifics in deciding what type of subsidies would be the most fitting. At the same time, they also need to address the appropriate social norms to achieve the desirable change in sanitation behavior.","PeriodicalId":41831,"journal":{"name":"AUC Geographica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83794706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.14712/23361980.2023.4
Tereza Pachlová
The aim of this article is to discuss factors that influence the distribution and differences in mortality between both regions and subpopulations in developed countries. The article provides an outline of basic theories that attempt to explain socioeconomic differences in mortality. A range of socioeconomic factors is analysed from both the micro-level and macro-level perspectives. Based on the study of the relevant literature, it was determined that more privileged groups enjoy better health and longer lives. A strong association between socioeconomic factors and total mortality and mortality by the cause of death was revealed at both the individual and aggregated levels. The relationship between socioeconomic variables and health status and mortality is explained via various mechanisms through which this association arises. Socioeconomic variables that act to influence health status and mortality have been shown to be strongly interrelated. These factors, in turn, impact the lifestyle and psychological state of individuals. Existing socioeconomic health and mortality determinants represent one of the main problems and challenges for the public health sectors in both more and less developed countries.
{"title":"Factors in the differentiation of regional mortality in developed countries","authors":"Tereza Pachlová","doi":"10.14712/23361980.2023.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361980.2023.4","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to discuss factors that influence the distribution and differences in mortality between both regions and subpopulations in developed countries. The article provides an outline of basic theories that attempt to explain socioeconomic differences in mortality. A range of socioeconomic factors is analysed from both the micro-level and macro-level perspectives. Based on the study of the relevant literature, it was determined that more privileged groups enjoy better health and longer lives. A strong association between socioeconomic factors and total mortality and mortality by the cause of death was revealed at both the individual and aggregated levels. The relationship between socioeconomic variables and health status and mortality is explained via various mechanisms through which this association arises. Socioeconomic variables that act to influence health status and mortality have been shown to be strongly interrelated. These factors, in turn, impact the lifestyle and psychological state of individuals. Existing socioeconomic health and mortality determinants represent one of the main problems and challenges for the public health sectors in both more and less developed countries.","PeriodicalId":41831,"journal":{"name":"AUC Geographica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85459488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.14712/23361980.2023.3
H. Barghi, R. Zakerinejad
Social capital approaches consider the empowerment of societies against disasters, which enable rural communities to recover from the negative effects of hazards. Social capital is a mediator for collective action and can help people build common property resources. Not only can social capital improve access to natural resources, it can also improve access to physical capital. Using the descriptive and analytical survey, this article analyzes the impact of social capital on managing an earthquake in the villages of Khodabandeh in northwest of Iran. The findings indicate that according to the single sample T test as well as the opinions of local authorities and household heads. The components of attitude and cohesion have the strongest direct effect on reducing vulnerability at the level of households and rural authorities, the component of trust has the strongest indirect effect, and the network component has no indirect effect on either level.
{"title":"The role of social capital in empowering rural community for reducing environmental hazards: the case study of Khodabandeh, Iran","authors":"H. Barghi, R. Zakerinejad","doi":"10.14712/23361980.2023.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23361980.2023.3","url":null,"abstract":"Social capital approaches consider the empowerment of societies against disasters, which enable rural communities to recover from the negative effects of hazards. Social capital is a mediator for collective action and can help people build common property resources. Not only can social capital improve access to natural resources, it can also improve access to physical capital. Using the descriptive and analytical survey, this article analyzes the impact of social capital on managing an earthquake in the villages of Khodabandeh in northwest of Iran. The findings indicate that according to the single sample T test as well as the opinions of local authorities and household heads. The components of attitude and cohesion have the strongest direct effect on reducing vulnerability at the level of households and rural authorities, the component of trust has the strongest indirect effect, and the network component has no indirect effect on either level.","PeriodicalId":41831,"journal":{"name":"AUC Geographica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88628682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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