Review of: El eclipse de la fraternidad. Una revisión republicana de la tradición socialista, Antoni Domènech (2019)Madrid: Akal, 383 pp.,ISBN 978-8-44604-782-7, h/bk, €34.00
{"title":"El eclipse de la fraternidad. Una revisión republicana de la tradición socialista, Antoni Domènech (2019)","authors":"Paul Cella","doi":"10.1386/ijis_00017_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijis_00017_5","url":null,"abstract":"Review of: El eclipse de la fraternidad. Una revisión republicana de la tradición socialista, Antoni Domènech (2019)Madrid: Akal, 383 pp.,ISBN 978-8-44604-782-7, h/bk, €34.00","PeriodicalId":41910,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IBERIAN STUDIES","volume":"32 1","pages":"101-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75231784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work traces the affinities between Montserrat Roig, and Marta Sanz, to show a continuity between the patriarchal structures of Francoism and those of the Transition as illustrated in two of their novels. It reflects on the heteropatriarchal legacy of Franco’s regime by analysing the importance of the role of sentimentality when subverting the distance that goes from representation to self-representation of women’s bodies and subjectivities within a cultural (literary) canon that remains ostensibly masculine. This comparison between both authors brings to light the way in which they problematize their own internalization of a patriarchal male gaze, and how they mobilize strategies to counter the social discourses that have led to that internalization.
{"title":"Sentimental education as political weapon: From Montserrat Roig to Marta Sanz","authors":"Leticia Blanco Muñoz","doi":"10.1386/ijis_00009_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijis_00009_1","url":null,"abstract":"This work traces the affinities between Montserrat Roig, and Marta Sanz, to show a continuity between the patriarchal structures of Francoism and those of the Transition as illustrated in two of their novels. It reflects on the heteropatriarchal legacy of Franco’s regime by analysing\u0000 the importance of the role of sentimentality when subverting the distance that goes from representation to self-representation of women’s bodies and subjectivities within a cultural (literary) canon that remains ostensibly masculine. This comparison between both authors brings to light\u0000 the way in which they problematize their own internalization of a patriarchal male gaze, and how they mobilize strategies to counter the social discourses that have led to that internalization.","PeriodicalId":41910,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IBERIAN STUDIES","volume":"25 1","pages":"27-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80599636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is located in the innovative line that Iberian Studies have opened in order to underline the aesthetic and ideological parallels between Spanish poetry and Portuguese poetry from the late 1920s to the 40s. The possibility of constructing a unique map of poetic commitment that includes the two great peninsular literatures leads us to address the synchronies and symmetries that exist between the Portuguese poets of Presença and the Spanish poets of the group of 27 on the one hand, and the neorealist poetry of the collection ‘Novo Cancioneiro’ and the committed Spanish poets of the Second Republic or the Civil War on the other hand. In both countries, it is observed that the aesthetic avant-garde has been overcome by the political avant-garde based on comparable social, historical and literary imperatives.
本文位于伊比利亚研究开辟的创新路线上，以强调西班牙诗歌和葡萄牙诗歌在20世纪20年代末至40年代之间美学和意识形态的相似之处。构建一个独特的诗歌承诺地图的可能性包括两个伟大的半岛文学，使我们能够解决同步和对称性存在于葡萄牙诗人的presena和西班牙诗人的27组之间，以及新现实主义诗歌的集合" Novo Cancioneiro "和第二共和国或内战期间的西班牙诗人之间。在这两个国家，可以观察到，美学先锋派已经被基于可比的社会、历史和文学需要的政治先锋派所克服。
{"title":"Entre el Neorrealismo portugués y la poesía impura española: Aproximaciones a un mapa ibérico del compromiso","authors":"Miguel A García","doi":"10.1386/ijis_00021_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijis_00021_1","url":null,"abstract":"This article is located in the innovative line that Iberian Studies have opened in order to underline the aesthetic and ideological parallels between Spanish poetry and Portuguese poetry from the late 1920s to the 40s. The possibility of constructing a unique map of poetic commitment that includes the two great peninsular literatures leads us to address the synchronies and symmetries that exist between the Portuguese poets of Presença and the Spanish poets of the group of 27 on the one hand, and the neorealist poetry of the collection ‘Novo Cancioneiro’ and the committed Spanish poets of the Second Republic or the Civil War on the other hand. In both countries, it is observed that the aesthetic avant-garde has been overcome by the political avant-garde based on comparable social, historical and literary imperatives.","PeriodicalId":41910,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IBERIAN STUDIES","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80679113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the emergence of trans-activism in Barcelona (pioneer in the Spanish context) in 1970, identity categories to refer to people who do not identify with the socially-assigned gender identity have experienced a major transformation. In this article, we analyse the evolution of identity categories related to gender diversity from 1978 to 2010 in order to recover the history of trans-activism and explore its specificities with regard to the hegemonic logic in other western countries. In the period analysed, five associations were identified and studied, revealing a trend that predominantly conceives identity categories in a fluid manner, contrary to the main trans-activism in western countries, which reinforced the medical category ‘transsexual’ in opposition to those of ‘homosexual’ and ‘transvestite’. Moreover, in this period, a profound change can be observed in the political subject (from trans-women working in sex work to middle-class trans-boys), as well as a transformation of alliances: from the rejection of trans-associations by gay and lesbian associations to the subsequent coalition and progressive rapprochement towards feminism.
{"title":"The (trans)formation of identity: The evolution of categories related to gender diversity in the case of trans-activism in Barcelona (1978–2010)","authors":"Gerard Coll-Planas, Miquel Missé","doi":"10.1386/ijis_00022_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijis_00022_1","url":null,"abstract":"Since the emergence of trans-activism in Barcelona (pioneer in the Spanish context) in 1970, identity categories to refer to people who do not identify with the socially-assigned gender identity have experienced a major transformation. In this article, we analyse the evolution of identity categories related to gender diversity from 1978 to 2010 in order to recover the history of trans-activism and explore its specificities with regard to the hegemonic logic in other western countries. In the period analysed, five associations were identified and studied, revealing a trend that predominantly conceives identity categories in a fluid manner, contrary to the main trans-activism in western countries, which reinforced the medical category ‘transsexual’ in opposition to those of ‘homosexual’ and ‘transvestite’. Moreover, in this period, a profound change can be observed in the political subject (from trans-women working in sex work to middle-class trans-boys), as well as a transformation of alliances: from the rejection of trans-associations by gay and lesbian associations to the subsequent coalition and progressive rapprochement towards feminism.","PeriodicalId":41910,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IBERIAN STUDIES","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79299953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Between 1974 and 1977, the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español) (PSOE) went from a weak and fragmented organization to become the second most voted for party. At a time when international solidarity among socialist parties was common, and when the globalization process was becoming increasingly apparent, transnational influences and support played a crucial role in the PSOE's remarkable political growth. Nevertheless, most scholars define the Spanish transition to democracy and its internal developments, which include the PSOE's rise, as a successful self-made product. Only Pilar Ortuño, and more recently Juan Carlos Pereira, have conducted in-depth research into international influences as a key factor in this process. The objective of this article is twofold: to assess the role of the British Labour Movement in the development of the PSOE and its syndicate, the Workers' General Union (Unión General de Trabajadores) (UGT), and to determine to what extent the Labour Movement was responsible for the impressive political growth of the PSOE. In this sense, this article seeks to move beyond and expand on the studies of Ortuño and Pereira by including the role of the British Labour Government in the PSOE's political rise.
1974年至1977年间，西班牙社会主义工人党(Partido Socialista Obrero Español)从一个弱小而分散的组织发展成为第二大得票最多的政党。在社会主义政党之间普遍存在国际团结的时候，在全球化进程日益明显的时候，跨国影响和支持在社会主义工人党显著的政治增长中发挥了关键作用。然而，大多数学者将西班牙向民主的过渡及其内部发展(包括西班牙工人党的崛起)定义为一个成功的自制产物。只有皮拉尔Ortuño和最近的胡安·卡洛斯·佩雷拉对国际影响进行了深入研究，将其作为这一过程中的关键因素。本文的目的是双重的:评估英国劳工运动在社会主义工人党及其组织——工人总工会(Unión General de Trabajadores) (UGT)发展中的作用，并确定劳工运动在多大程度上对社会主义工人党令人印象深刻的政治发展负有责任。从这个意义上讲，本文试图超越并扩展Ortuño和Pereira的研究，包括英国工党政府在PSOE政治崛起中的作用。
{"title":"An international perspective on Spanish socialism: The role of the British Labour Party in the rise of the PSOE, 1974‐77","authors":"Carla Fernández Benedicto","doi":"10.1386/ijis_00002_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijis_00002_1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Between 1974 and 1977, the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español) (PSOE) went from a weak and fragmented organization to become the second most voted for party. At a time when international solidarity among socialist parties was\u0000 common, and when the globalization process was becoming increasingly apparent, transnational influences and support played a crucial role in the PSOE's remarkable political growth. Nevertheless, most scholars define the Spanish transition to democracy and its internal developments, which include\u0000 the PSOE's rise, as a successful self-made product. Only Pilar Ortuño, and more recently Juan Carlos Pereira, have conducted in-depth research into international influences as a key factor in this process. The objective of this article is twofold: to assess the role of the British Labour\u0000 Movement in the development of the PSOE and its syndicate, the Workers' General Union (Unión General de Trabajadores) (UGT), and to determine to what extent the Labour Movement was responsible for the impressive political growth of the PSOE. In this sense, this article seeks to move\u0000 beyond and expand on the studies of Ortuño and Pereira by including the role of the British Labour Government in the PSOE's political rise.","PeriodicalId":41910,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IBERIAN STUDIES","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85697256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Economic crises and foreign interventions cause political actors to face a dilemma between responsiveness towards their electorate and responsibility vis-à-vis international institutions. In this article, we analyse how a seldom studied political actor in international affairs (the Head of State in a semi-presidential regime) dealt with this dilemma. We focus on Aníbal Cavaco Silva's (former president of the Portuguese Republic) discourse, and use of veto and constitutionality examination request powers in the 2011‐16 mandate, and on his attitudes regarding the access to power of pro- and anti-austerity political forces in the aftermath of the 2015 legislative elections. We conclude that the Head of State was more concerned with international responsibility than with domestic responsibility and responsiveness, especially at the behavioural level, although he occasionally acted in ways that toned down this feature of his presidential mandate. We therefore suggest that in times of severe crisis the political conditions that usually partly explain variations in the use of the presidential powers in semi-presidential regimes interact with short-term factors related to the crisis that can reduce or even cancel out their effects.
{"title":"The President's dilemma: The Portuguese semi-presidential system in times of crisis (2011‐16)","authors":"A. Freire, José Santana-Pereira","doi":"10.1386/ijis_00001_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijis_00001_1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Economic crises and foreign interventions cause political actors to face a dilemma between responsiveness towards their electorate and responsibility vis-à-vis international institutions. In this article, we analyse how a seldom studied political actor in\u0000 international affairs (the Head of State in a semi-presidential regime) dealt with this dilemma. We focus on Aníbal Cavaco Silva's (former president of the Portuguese Republic) discourse, and use of veto and constitutionality examination request powers in the 2011‐16 mandate,\u0000 and on his attitudes regarding the access to power of pro- and anti-austerity political forces in the aftermath of the 2015 legislative elections. We conclude that the Head of State was more concerned with international responsibility than with domestic responsibility and responsiveness, especially\u0000 at the behavioural level, although he occasionally acted in ways that toned down this feature of his presidential mandate. We therefore suggest that in times of severe crisis the political conditions that usually partly explain variations in the use of the presidential powers in semi-presidential\u0000 regimes interact with short-term factors related to the crisis that can reduce or even cancel out their effects.","PeriodicalId":41910,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IBERIAN STUDIES","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74297050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract During the First World War, the Spanish Labour Movement gained steadily in strength, and by 1919 the CNT (National Confederation of Labour) had over 700,000 affiliates. However, the ascendance of the anarcho-syndicalist movement met with severe government repression, especially in Catalonia. In November 1920, the authorities unleashed an all-out offensive against the CNT, arresting members and ordering raids of union offices. Shootings between anarchists and the hired guns of the employer class occurred with increasing regularity, and anarchists were frequently arrested and tortured by the authorities. Whilst acknowledging the difficulties that militants faced during these years, and the damage that the violence did to the movement in the long term, this article assesses the ways in which militants resisted the repression, and the symbolic importance that the anarchist action groups assumed for militants in later struggles.
{"title":"Repression, solidarity, and a legacy of violence: Spanish anarcho-syndicalism and the years of 'pistolerismo', 1919‐231","authors":"N. Andrews","doi":"10.1386/ijis_00004_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijis_00004_1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the First World War, the Spanish Labour Movement gained steadily in strength, and by 1919 the CNT (National Confederation of Labour) had over 700,000 affiliates. However, the ascendance of the anarcho-syndicalist movement met with severe government repression,\u0000 especially in Catalonia. In November 1920, the authorities unleashed an all-out offensive against the CNT, arresting members and ordering raids of union offices. Shootings between anarchists and the hired guns of the employer class occurred with increasing regularity, and anarchists were frequently\u0000 arrested and tortured by the authorities. Whilst acknowledging the difficulties that militants faced during these years, and the damage that the violence did to the movement in the long term, this article assesses the ways in which militants resisted the repression, and the symbolic importance\u0000 that the anarchist action groups assumed for militants in later struggles.","PeriodicalId":41910,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IBERIAN STUDIES","volume":"275 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76386733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article presents a study that sought to identify the gender dynamics prevailing in a health-related context of tokenism ‐ nursing ‐ in which the members of a dominant group in society ‐ men ‐ are proportionally scarce. Specifically, this study aimed to consider how men experience their integration into a feminized profession. Furthermore, the individual experiences and professional dynamics were placed in perspective with the results of other studies focusing on male populations in high-status professions, in particular medicine, to analyse the intersectionality of status and power. This study involved individual, semi-structured interviews with twelve male nurses, aged between 40 and 58 years, from across the six existing nursing specialties in Portugal. Analysis of the results, obtained through the Alceste software and thematic study carried out according to the social constructionist perspective in gender studies, indicates that tokenism dynamics interweave a double power asymmetry: the professional asymmetry between male doctors and male nurses, and the gender symbolic asymmetry between men and women. In the nursing profession, this double asymmetry proves beneficial to male nurses.
{"title":"Gender and nursing in Portugal: The focus on men's double status of dominant and dominated1","authors":"Maria Helena Santos, Lígia Amâncio","doi":"10.1386/ijis_00003_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijis_00003_1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents a study that sought to identify the gender dynamics prevailing in a health-related context of tokenism ‐ nursing ‐ in which the members of a dominant group in society ‐ men ‐ are proportionally scarce. Specifically,\u0000 this study aimed to consider how men experience their integration into a feminized profession. Furthermore, the individual experiences and professional dynamics were placed in perspective with the results of other studies focusing on male populations in high-status professions, in particular\u0000 medicine, to analyse the intersectionality of status and power. This study involved individual, semi-structured interviews with twelve male nurses, aged between 40 and 58 years, from across the six existing nursing specialties in Portugal. Analysis of the results, obtained through the Alceste\u0000 software and thematic study carried out according to the social constructionist perspective in gender studies, indicates that tokenism dynamics interweave a double power asymmetry: the professional asymmetry between male doctors and male nurses, and the gender symbolic asymmetry between men\u0000 and women. In the nursing profession, this double asymmetry proves beneficial to male nurses.","PeriodicalId":41910,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IBERIAN STUDIES","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90442902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article is a comparative study of four different translations into English of Federico García Lorca's play Bodas de sangre (1933) carried out in the United Kingdom and Ireland throughout the 1990s. Since the publication of Antoine Berman's seminal article on 'retranslation', this theoretical concept has provided a fecund framework for descriptive translation studies, illuminating the variety of solutions translators provide when confronted with the same original text. This article furthers that body of scholarship while simultaneously providing new angles on Lorca's dramatic work. The comparative approach to several English translations of this classic work concentrates on two key scenes of the play and discusses the linguistic, pragmatic and theatrical adequacy of each translation.
本文对20世纪90年代在英国和爱尔兰进行的费德里科·García洛尔卡(Federico Lorca)剧作《圣歌》(Bodas de sangre, 1933)的四种不同英译本进行了比较研究。自安托万·伯曼关于“再翻译”的开创性文章发表以来，这一理论概念为描述性翻译研究提供了一个丰富的框架，阐明了译者在面对相同的原文时所提供的各种解决方案。这篇文章进一步的学术机构，同时提供新的角度对洛尔卡的戏剧工作。本文对这部经典作品的几个英译本进行了比较，重点分析了该剧的两个关键场景，并讨论了每个译本在语言、语用和戏剧方面的充分性。
{"title":"Blood Wedding in (re)translation","authors":"Patricia González Bermúdez","doi":"10.1386/ijis_00005_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/ijis_00005_1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article is a comparative study of four different translations into English of Federico García Lorca's play Bodas de sangre (1933) carried out in the United Kingdom and Ireland throughout the 1990s. Since the publication of Antoine Berman's seminal article\u0000 on 'retranslation', this theoretical concept has provided a fecund framework for descriptive translation studies, illuminating the variety of solutions translators provide when confronted with the same original text. This article furthers that body of scholarship while simultaneously providing\u0000 new angles on Lorca's dramatic work. The comparative approach to several English translations of this classic work concentrates on two key scenes of the play and discusses the linguistic, pragmatic and theatrical adequacy of each translation.","PeriodicalId":41910,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IBERIAN STUDIES","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81008508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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