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Backwards is forward: Reclaiming sexual and gender diversity in Galicia through literature 向后即向前:通过文学再现加利西亚的性和性别多样性
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1386/ijis_00080_1
María Reimóndez
In this article, I try to explore to what extent queer lives, expressions and representation have been obscured in Galicia by the mainstream narrative of ‘atraso’ (backwardness), applied not only to the economy, but also to social structures. After I situate myself in the discussion, I will explore the way Galicia as a nation has been constructed as a place where queer lives are at risk or simply do not exist. The narrative of ‘atraso’ will be unveiled as a tool to assimilate diverse identities to a single Spanish one, especially when we analyse the facts, traces and gaps through which diverse sexual/gender identities have expressed themselves in Galician culture(s). I will finally explore how literature has operated in this complex scenario as a way to reclaim queer lives on our own terms. I will present some historical background to then analyse current trends in the way queer readings are introduced in contemporary Galician literature.
在这篇文章中,我试图探索在加利西亚,酷儿的生活、表达和表现在多大程度上被“atraso”(落后)的主流叙事所掩盖,这种叙事不仅适用于经济,也适用于社会结构。在我将自己置于讨论之后,我将探讨加利西亚作为一个国家是如何被构建成一个酷儿生活处于危险之中或根本不存在的地方的。“atraso”的叙事将成为一种工具,将不同的身份同化为单一的西班牙身份,特别是当我们分析加利西亚文化中不同性别/性别身份表达自己的事实、痕迹和差距时。最后,我将探讨文学是如何在这种复杂的情况下运作的,以我们自己的方式重塑酷儿的生活。我将介绍一些历史背景,然后分析当代加利西亚文学中引入酷儿读物的当前趋势。
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引用次数: 0
Of monsters and women: Feminist response to gender-based violence in Galician noir 怪物和女人:女权主义者对加利西亚黑色小说中基于性别的暴力的回应
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1386/ijis_00082_1
Catherine Barbour
This article contrasts strategies of resistance to gender-based violence in two examples of audio-visual media which draw on or subvert the burgeoning genre of Galician noir; Season 1 of the TVG-Netflix hit O sabor das margaridas () directed by Miguel Conde and the women-centred grassroots feminist web series Monstras () directed by Eire García Cid. These divergent case studies muddy the binary of female victimhood and male aggression whilst drawing attention to the hegemonic sexual politics and socio-economic systems which facilitate and endorse violence against women and girls. Yet while Monstras stands as a paradigmatic example of a socially conscious, ideologically driven artistic response to patriarchal violence, the feminist attributes of O sabor das margaridas are largely trumped by commercial concerns, shown for example through the eroticization of violence. Though Galician noir has made a breakthrough on international streaming media by foregrounding women’s resistance to gender-based violence, this tends to be manipulated by the bid for viewer ratings. Fundamentally, it continues to be in alternative media where some of the most revolutionary conversations about women’s rights are taking place in the Galician cultural sphere.
本文对比了两个例子的视听媒体抵制性别暴力的策略,这两个例子利用或颠覆了新兴的加利西亚黑色流派;由米格尔·康德执导的TVG-Netflix热播剧《O sabor das margaridas》第一季,以及由Eire García Cid执导的以女性为中心的草根女权主义网络剧《Monstras》第一季。这些不同的案例研究混淆了女性受害者和男性侵略的二元性,同时提请注意霸权性政治和社会经济制度,这些制度促进和支持对妇女和女孩的暴力行为。然而,尽管《Monstras》是社会意识、意识形态驱动的艺术对父权暴力的回应的典范,但《O sabor das margaridas》的女权主义属性在很大程度上被商业关注所压倒,比如通过暴力的色情化。虽然加利西亚黑色电影通过突出女性对性别暴力的反抗,在国际流媒体上取得了突破,但这往往受到收视率的操纵。从根本上说,加利西亚文化圈中仍有一些关于妇女权利的最具革命性的对话发生在另类媒体上。
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引用次数: 0
Institutional desires, individual endeavours: Contemporary Galician narrative in English translation 制度欲望,个人努力:当代加利西亚叙事英译
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1386/ijis_00084_7
Laura Linares
Literary translation is an essential component of international exchanges and cultural diplomacy. For minority and minoritized languages, in particular, it is not only a window to other audiences but also a source of legitimacy among their own readerships. In this sense, governments and institutions often provide funding for translations to counter the difficulties that smaller literatures have to access the competitive global market and avail of its opportunities. This article explores the current state of the internationalization of contemporary Galician narrative to the anglophone world at a moment in which the latter is experiencing a period of increasing openness to translation driven mostly by independent presses. Why is it that, despite the institutional supports in place, most Galician narrative is struggling to find readerships in the English-speaking world?
文学翻译是国际交流和文化外交的重要组成部分。特别是对于少数民族和少数民族语言来说,它不仅是一个面向其他受众的窗口,也是其自身读者中合法性的来源。从这个意义上说,政府和机构经常为翻译提供资金,以克服小型文献进入竞争激烈的全球市场并利用其机会的困难。本文探讨当代加利西亚叙事在英语世界的国际化现状,后者正在经历一个主要由独立出版社推动的日益开放的翻译时期。为什么尽管有现成的制度支持,大多数加利西亚叙事在英语世界却难以找到读者?
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引用次数: 0
Cruces de fronteras: globalización, transnacionalidad y poshispanismo, José Colmeiro (2021)
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1386/ijis_00087_5
Daniel J. Nappo
Review of: Cruces de fronteras: globalización, transnacionalidad y poshispanismo, José Colmeiro (2021) Madrid: Iberoamericana, 376 pp., ISBN 978-8-49192-178-3, h/bk, €36.00 Frankfurt am Main: Vervuert, 376 pp., ISBN 978-3-96869-081-0, p/bk, €36.00 ISBN 978-3-96869-082-7, e-book, €36.00
Review of:边境口岸:全球化、跨国和poshispanismo jose Colmeiro(续约)马德里:伊比利亚-美洲,376 pp。ISBN 978-8-49192-178-3 h法€36.00 Frankfurt am Main: Vervuert、376 pp。ISBN 978-3-96869-081-0 p /法、€36.00 ISBN 978-3-96869-082-7 e-book、€36.00
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引用次数: 0
Territorios in(di)visibles: Dilemas en las literaturas hispánicas actuales, Ken Benson and Juan Carlos Cruz Suárez (Eds) (2021) 可见领土:当前西班牙文学中的困境,肯·本森和胡安·卡洛斯·克鲁兹suarez(编)(2021)
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1386/ijis_00088_5
Maite Usoz de la Fuente
Review of: Territorios in(di)visibles: Dilemas en las literaturas hispánicas actuales, Ken Benson and Juan Carlos Cruz Suárez (Eds) (2021) Madrid and Frankfurt: Iberoamericana and Vervuert, 302 pp. ISBN 978-8-49192-218-6, p/bk, €24.00 ISBN 978-3-96869-184-8, e-book, €24.00
Ken Benson和Juan Carlos Cruz suarez(编)(2021)Madrid and Frankfurt: Iberoamericana and Vervuert, 302 pp. ISBN 978-8-49192-218-6, p/bk,€24.00 ISBN 978-3-9 669 -184-8,电子书,€24.00
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引用次数: 0
Twenty-first-century Galician food femininities in Lorena Conde’s Santa Inés and Oliver Laxe’s O que arde 二十一世纪加利西亚食物女性在罗瑞娜·康德的《圣塔·因萨梅斯》和奥利弗·拉克斯的《欧克·加德》中
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1386/ijis_00081_1
María Liñeira
Food metaphors and symbols are found everywhere in contemporary cultural production in Galicia, where food constitutes a key identity marker. Given the close connections between food and gender, the artistic representation of food is an excellent field to investigate Galician food femininities. This article examines two such examples. The play Santa Inés (), written and directed by Lorena Conde, and produced by A Feroz Teatro, is a feminist response, rich in food symbolism, to the Judeo-Christian metaphor of woman as sacrificial lamb. Drawing on the historical figure St Agnes of Rome (CE 291–304) and the childhood memories visiting a local convent of Inés Salvado, who plays the only characters onstage, the play discusses bodily autonomy and female mysticism. The film O que arde (2019) by Oliver Laxe, a key filmmaker of the Novo Cinema Galego, is a spiritually oriented work about middle-aged Amador who returns home to his elderly mother, Benedicta, after serving an arson sentence for burning a forest down. In the film, food, constantly present but in a subtle way, is both an earthly and a spiritual element that plays a key role in the construction of Benedicta’s gendered ageing identity.
在加利西亚的当代文化生产中,食物的隐喻和象征随处可见,在那里,食物构成了一个关键的身份标志。鉴于食物与性别之间的密切联系,食物的艺术表现是研究加利西亚食物女性主义的绝佳领域。本文研究了两个这样的例子。由罗蕾娜·康德编剧和导演,阿费罗兹剧院制作的戏剧《圣诞老人》是对女权主义的回应,充满了食物的象征意义,将犹太-基督教中的女性比喻为献祭的羔羊。该剧以历史人物罗马的圣阿格尼斯(公元291-304年)为原型,以及童年时访问当地修道院的记忆,舞台上唯一的角色都由萨尔瓦多饰演,该剧讨论了身体自主和女性神秘主义。新加莱戈电影公司(Novo Cinema Galego)的重要导演奥利弗·拉克斯(Oliver Laxe)执导的电影《O que arde》(2019)是一部以精神为导向的作品,讲述了中年的阿马多尔因纵火烧毁森林而服刑后回到家中年迈的母亲贝内迪克塔(Benedicta)身边的故事。在影片中,食物以一种微妙的方式不断出现,既是世俗的元素,也是精神的元素,在构建本尼迪克塔的性别老龄化身份中起着关键作用。
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引用次数: 1
‘Emphatically not cricket’: British eyewitness testimonies of revolutionary Catalonia, 1936 “绝对不是板球”:1936年加泰罗尼亚革命的英国目击者证词
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1386/ijis_00071_1
Adrian Pole
In spite of significant interest in British responses to the Spanish Civil War (1936‐39), the raft of eyewitness accounts which hitherto anonymous Britons relayed to the regional press during the opening months of the conflict are yet to receive systematic attention. By using Britons who were present in Catalonia between July and September 1936 as a case study, this article seeks to reconstruct the multifaceted process by which numerous eyewitness testimonies came into existence, as well as their subsequent relationship to broader debates about the Civil War in Britain. It argues that the lived encounters which were sustained between both tourists and long-term residents with the revolutionary events which took place in Catalonia following the military rising in July were fundamentally circumscribed by their status as foreigners, as well as their tendency to rationalize their experiences with the aid of pre-existing, culturally rooted stereotypes and assumptions. British reactions generated ‘on the ground’ in Spain were subsequently converted into supposedly authoritative first-hand testimonies in close cooperation with local journalists eager for sensational ‘human interest’ content, before going on to form an early input into the widespread attitude that the Spanish Civil War amounted to little more than incomprehensible anarchy.
尽管人们对英国对西班牙内战(1936 - 39)的反应非常感兴趣,但在冲突开始的几个月里,迄今为止匿名的英国人向地区媒体转述的大量目击者的叙述尚未得到系统的关注。本文以1936年7月至9月期间在加泰罗尼亚的英国人作为个案研究,试图重建众多目击者证词形成的多方面过程,以及他们随后与英国内战更广泛辩论的关系。它认为,游客和长期居民之间持续的与7月军事起义后加泰罗尼亚发生的革命事件的生活接触,从根本上受到他们作为外国人的身份的限制,以及他们倾向于通过预先存在的,根植于文化的刻板印象和假设来合理化他们的经历。英国人在西班牙“实地”所产生的反应随后被转化为据称权威的第一手证词,与当地记者密切合作,渴望耸人听闻的“人类兴趣”内容,然后继续形成早期的输入,形成普遍的态度,即西班牙内战只不过是难以理解的无政府状态。
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引用次数: 0
Spain’s historical debt to Western Sahara: An interview with Eoghan Gilmartin 西班牙对西撒哈拉的历史债务:对Eoghan Gilmartin的采访
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1386/ijis_00073_7
D. Kelly
In March 2022, the Spanish government, under socialist Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez, broke with five decades of neutrality on Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony. Sánchez sent a letter to Moroccan King Mohammed VI, supporting Morocco’s 2007 autonomy plan for Western Sahara within the Moroccan state. Madrid-based journalist, Eoghan Gilmartin, discusses Spain’s historical debt to Western Sahara, Spanish‐Moroccan relations, Spanish contemporary politics and the current energy crisis. Gilmartin’s work has appeared in publications including Jacobin Magazine, Tribune Magazine, Open Democracy, Novara Media and CTXT. He was interviewed on 20 May 2022 by Deirdre Kelly, a lecturer in Spanish at Technological University Dublin. The following transcript has been edited for length and clarity.
2022年3月,在社会党首相佩德罗Sánchez的领导下,西班牙政府打破了对西撒哈拉(前西班牙殖民地)长达50年的中立。Sánchez致信摩洛哥国王穆罕默德六世,支持摩洛哥2007年在摩洛哥国内实现西撒哈拉自治的计划。马德里记者Eoghan Gilmartin讨论西班牙对西撒哈拉的历史债务、西班牙与摩洛哥的关系、西班牙当代政治以及当前的能源危机。吉尔马丁的作品发表在《雅各宾杂志》、《论坛杂志》、《开放民主》、《诺瓦拉媒体》和《CTXT》等刊物上。2022年5月20日,都柏林科技大学西班牙语讲师Deirdre Kelly对他进行了采访。为了篇幅和清晰度,以下文字记录经过了编辑。
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引用次数: 0
An act of ‘emotional rescue’: Homosexuality and resistance in Lagos, Portugal (1965) “情感拯救”的行为:同性恋和抵抗在拉各斯,葡萄牙(1965)
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1386/ijis_00069_1
R. Cleminson
In the summer of 1965, several youths were arrested and publicly shamed by the Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR) in Lagos, on the Algarve, for the ‘crime’ of homosexuality. Despite the silence of official and press channels on the events, the arrests were analysed by two foreign sources, one a German police science journal and the other a British volume on homosexuality in society. What the sources reveal is that rather than public opprobrium against the youths, indignation was expressed at the GNR’s actions. Sympathy for the young men was engendered in on-lookers in what this article terms an act of ‘emotional rescue’ and resistance against the norms, values and practices of the dictatorship. By means of the contextualization of the events as part of the rising tourist economy and recent queer theory, the article contributes an alternative understanding of LGBT history and resistance to authoritarian regimes.
1965年夏天,在阿尔加维的拉各斯,几个年轻人因同性恋“罪”而被国民共和国卫队(GNR)逮捕并公开羞辱。尽管官方和媒体渠道对这些事件保持沉默,但两家外国消息来源对这些逮捕进行了分析,一家是德国警察科学杂志,另一家是英国一本关于同性恋社会的书。消息来源揭示的是,公众对这些年轻人的谴责,而不是对GNR的行为表示愤慨。旁观者对这些年轻人产生了同情,这篇文章称之为“情感救援”和对独裁统治的规范、价值观和实践的抵制。通过将这些事件作为新兴旅游经济和近期酷儿理论的一部分进行语境化,本文为LGBT历史和对威权政权的抵抗提供了另一种理解。
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引用次数: 0
Envejecimientos y cines ibéricos, Barbara Zecchi, Raquel Medina, Cristina Moreiras-Menor and María Pilar Rodríguez (eds) (2021)
IF 0.3 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1386/ijis_00076_5
G. Miller
Review of: Envejecimientos y cines ibéricos, Barbara Zecchi, Raquel Medina, Cristina Moreiras-Menor and María Pilar Rodríguez (eds) (2021)Valencia: Tirant Humanidades, 565 pp.,ISBN 978-8-41880-220-1, p/bk, €37.91, e-book, €24.00
回顾:Envejecimientos y cines, Barbara Zecchi, Raquel Medina, Cristina Moreiras-Menor and María Pilar Rodríguez(编辑)(2021)Valencia: Tirant Humanidades, 565页,ISBN 978-8-41880-220-1, p/bk, 37.91欧元,电子书,24.00欧元
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引用次数: 0
期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IBERIAN STUDIES
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