Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.1177/01461079211035013
Jaime L. Waters
tions, such as idolatry, falsely swearing by the name of God, violating a covenant made at the Temple, or a priest eating sacred food while profane. Imes likewise examines nś to bear; šwʾ, which with the lamed prefix is probably best rendered in vain, and nqh. She argues that nqh should be viewed in the context of the evident intertextuality between the Name Command and Yahweh’s self-revelation in Exodus 34:6–7, hence render innocent. Having considered the canonical and early historical context of these words, Imes then (chapter four) proceeds to examine them as part of the Decalogue in narrative context. The decalogue stands at the peak, quite literally, of a great chiasm where the wilderness wanderings prior to Sinai are mirrored in the wilderness wanderings that follow it. It is attested with a great theophany, and is set in covenantal terms as the loyal response expected of Israel to her divine suzerain. She notes that the two stone tablets were located at the very heart of the nation, in the Holy of Holies. All of these position the decalogue, and the Name Command within it, as a reinforcement of the covenant formula, “I will be your God and you will be my people.” In her final chapter, Imes employs metaphor theory to establish the conceptual domains within which the Name Command should be understood. With reference to the work of the previous chapters, she concludes that the metaphor of “Name” stands for Yahweh’s claim to ownership, and the metaphor of “Bearing” falls within the conceptual domain of “Obedience is a journey.” The ownership idea relates to the branding motif discussed above, and to divine election. To bear the name of the Lord, then, has deep implications for his reputation. She closes the book with a discussion of the High Priest’s ordination protocols and vestments, in view of his status as representative of Israel, bearing both Israel’s name and Yahweh’s into the sanctuary. This is a model of meticulous scholarship that results in meaningful exegetical benefit. It is a significant addition to Pentateuch scholarship and will be of benefit more widely, particularly to pastors and other Christians who wish to take the Old Testament seriously. Helen Paynter Centre for the Study of Bible & Violence Bristol, UK BS 9 1 DF
{"title":"Book Reviews: Walking the Ancient Paths: A Commentary on Jeremiah, by Walter C. Kaiser Jr. with Tiberius Rata","authors":"Jaime L. Waters","doi":"10.1177/01461079211035013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461079211035013","url":null,"abstract":"tions, such as idolatry, falsely swearing by the name of God, violating a covenant made at the Temple, or a priest eating sacred food while profane. Imes likewise examines nś to bear; šwʾ, which with the lamed prefix is probably best rendered in vain, and nqh. She argues that nqh should be viewed in the context of the evident intertextuality between the Name Command and Yahweh’s self-revelation in Exodus 34:6–7, hence render innocent. Having considered the canonical and early historical context of these words, Imes then (chapter four) proceeds to examine them as part of the Decalogue in narrative context. The decalogue stands at the peak, quite literally, of a great chiasm where the wilderness wanderings prior to Sinai are mirrored in the wilderness wanderings that follow it. It is attested with a great theophany, and is set in covenantal terms as the loyal response expected of Israel to her divine suzerain. She notes that the two stone tablets were located at the very heart of the nation, in the Holy of Holies. All of these position the decalogue, and the Name Command within it, as a reinforcement of the covenant formula, “I will be your God and you will be my people.” In her final chapter, Imes employs metaphor theory to establish the conceptual domains within which the Name Command should be understood. With reference to the work of the previous chapters, she concludes that the metaphor of “Name” stands for Yahweh’s claim to ownership, and the metaphor of “Bearing” falls within the conceptual domain of “Obedience is a journey.” The ownership idea relates to the branding motif discussed above, and to divine election. To bear the name of the Lord, then, has deep implications for his reputation. She closes the book with a discussion of the High Priest’s ordination protocols and vestments, in view of his status as representative of Israel, bearing both Israel’s name and Yahweh’s into the sanctuary. This is a model of meticulous scholarship that results in meaningful exegetical benefit. It is a significant addition to Pentateuch scholarship and will be of benefit more widely, particularly to pastors and other Christians who wish to take the Old Testament seriously. Helen Paynter Centre for the Study of Bible & Violence Bristol, UK BS 9 1 DF","PeriodicalId":41921,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Theology Bulletin","volume":"52 1","pages":"123 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43552349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.1177/01461079211038493
F. Adu
This article is concerned with the image of Yahweh as portrayed in Amos 4:13, 5:8-9 and 9:5-6. It argues that Yahweh is portrayed as Creator, Lord of creation, all-powerful, all-knowing, transcendent, and immanent and emphasizes his unique creative skills in bringing into being all natural existence in complete independence. It also demonstrates Yahweh's sovereign freedom in controlling the cosmos and indicates that all in the universe is dependent upon him and is subject to his authority. For not only has he created all that there is, he continues to renew and sustain the entire creation. For the author, then, Yahweh owns the cosmos and has the power to rule all creation by summoning, sustaining, governing, and using the forces of nature for his purposes. This sets him over the nations and creation as Lord and gives him the right to claim the worship of all people, as he confers on all creation his own protection. This also becomes an appropriate foundation for understanding the message of divine judgment against the nations in Amos 1:3–2:16.
{"title":"The Concepts of Yahweh in the Hymnic Doxologies of Amos 4:13, 5:8–9, and 9:5–6","authors":"F. Adu","doi":"10.1177/01461079211038493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461079211038493","url":null,"abstract":"This article is concerned with the image of Yahweh as portrayed in Amos 4:13, 5:8-9 and 9:5-6. It argues that Yahweh is portrayed as Creator, Lord of creation, all-powerful, all-knowing, transcendent, and immanent and emphasizes his unique creative skills in bringing into being all natural existence in complete independence. It also demonstrates Yahweh's sovereign freedom in controlling the cosmos and indicates that all in the universe is dependent upon him and is subject to his authority. For not only has he created all that there is, he continues to renew and sustain the entire creation. For the author, then, Yahweh owns the cosmos and has the power to rule all creation by summoning, sustaining, governing, and using the forces of nature for his purposes. This sets him over the nations and creation as Lord and gives him the right to claim the worship of all people, as he confers on all creation his own protection. This also becomes an appropriate foundation for understanding the message of divine judgment against the nations in Amos 1:3–2:16.","PeriodicalId":41921,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Theology Bulletin","volume":"52 1","pages":"3 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41659423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.1177/01461079211035012
H. Paynter
{"title":"Book Review: Bearing YHWH's name at Sinai: A Reexamination of the Name Command of the Decalogue, by Carmen Joy Imes","authors":"H. Paynter","doi":"10.1177/01461079211035012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461079211035012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41921,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Theology Bulletin","volume":"52 1","pages":"122 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49357771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-08DOI: 10.1177/01461079211034301
L. Schiffman
This study examines a number of specific examples of halakhic (Jewish legal) matters discussed in the New Testament that are also dealt with in the Dead Sea Scrolls. This paper compares and contrasts the rulings of these two traditions, as well as the Pharisaic views, showing that the Jewish legal views of the Gospels are for the most part lenient views to the left of those of the Pharisees, whereas those of the Dead Sea Scrolls represent a stricter view, to the right of the Pharisaic views. Ultimately, in the halakhic debate of the first century ce, the self-understanding of the earliest Christians was very different from that of the sect of the Dead Sea Scrolls.
{"title":"Jewish Law in the Gospels in Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls","authors":"L. Schiffman","doi":"10.1177/01461079211034301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461079211034301","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines a number of specific examples of halakhic (Jewish legal) matters discussed in the New Testament that are also dealt with in the Dead Sea Scrolls. This paper compares and contrasts the rulings of these two traditions, as well as the Pharisaic views, showing that the Jewish legal views of the Gospels are for the most part lenient views to the left of those of the Pharisees, whereas those of the Dead Sea Scrolls represent a stricter view, to the right of the Pharisaic views. Ultimately, in the halakhic debate of the first century ce, the self-understanding of the earliest Christians was very different from that of the sect of the Dead Sea Scrolls.","PeriodicalId":41921,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Theology Bulletin","volume":"51 1","pages":"226 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46909642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1177/01461079211019195
Per Bjarne Ravnå
Prominent scholars in the field of historical Jesus research have argued that historians should be willing to accept all sorts of miracles that are convincingly attested to in the sources. The present article agrees with this view in principle but argues that, if analysed with the ordinary source-critical methods of conventional historical scholarship, there are significant and systematic differences in the source-critical strength of the stories. Miracles that fit inside a modern scientific worldview seem to have a stronger foundation in the sources than miracles that do not. The difference is quite clear when one compares the stories about how Jesus raised the dead, but it is also visible when one compares stories of other miracles. There are at least two ways of explaining these differences. One is that they are created by the scepticism of the modern scientific worldview of this writer. The other is that the differences exist in the sources because some of the miracle stories go back to memories of real events, while others do not.
{"title":"Miracles and Methods","authors":"Per Bjarne Ravnå","doi":"10.1177/01461079211019195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461079211019195","url":null,"abstract":"Prominent scholars in the field of historical Jesus research have argued that historians should be willing to accept all sorts of miracles that are convincingly attested to in the sources. The present article agrees with this view in principle but argues that, if analysed with the ordinary source-critical methods of conventional historical scholarship, there are significant and systematic differences in the source-critical strength of the stories. Miracles that fit inside a modern scientific worldview seem to have a stronger foundation in the sources than miracles that do not. The difference is quite clear when one compares the stories about how Jesus raised the dead, but it is also visible when one compares stories of other miracles. There are at least two ways of explaining these differences. One is that they are created by the scepticism of the modern scientific worldview of this writer. The other is that the differences exist in the sources because some of the miracle stories go back to memories of real events, while others do not.","PeriodicalId":41921,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Theology Bulletin","volume":"51 1","pages":"149 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01461079211019195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42964865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1177/01461079211019194
J. Neyrey
As impressive as is Meeks' First Urban Christians, it studies ancient cities “from above,” i.e., the perspective of elites and their retainers. He does not appreciate the meanness of cities in Asia Minor from the crowded and perilous perspective of the 85% of the population. This absence can be supplied by studies which consider “city” in cultural terms (a system, a central place, a necropolis, etc). These studies alert us to the scarcity of food, water, space, and sanitation. The use of social science models depicts a grim scene in terms of size, population density, and mortality. All of this makes us turn our gaze from the elite parts of a city to the squalid parts where those addressed in the seven letters in Revelation 1–3 dwelt. When those letters are considered in this context, certain materials concerning virtues and vices stand out. Without appreciating where the 85% of the population strove to survive, we cannot appreciate what is said to them.
{"title":"Other Urban Christians: The Cities in Revelation 1–3","authors":"J. Neyrey","doi":"10.1177/01461079211019194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461079211019194","url":null,"abstract":"As impressive as is Meeks' First Urban Christians, it studies ancient cities “from above,” i.e., the perspective of elites and their retainers. He does not appreciate the meanness of cities in Asia Minor from the crowded and perilous perspective of the 85% of the population. This absence can be supplied by studies which consider “city” in cultural terms (a system, a central place, a necropolis, etc). These studies alert us to the scarcity of food, water, space, and sanitation. The use of social science models depicts a grim scene in terms of size, population density, and mortality. All of this makes us turn our gaze from the elite parts of a city to the squalid parts where those addressed in the seven letters in Revelation 1–3 dwelt. When those letters are considered in this context, certain materials concerning virtues and vices stand out. Without appreciating where the 85% of the population strove to survive, we cannot appreciate what is said to them.","PeriodicalId":41921,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Theology Bulletin","volume":"51 1","pages":"132 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01461079211019194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45040260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1177/01461079211019196
D. Zucker
{"title":"A Review Article—A History of the World's Scriptures: A Call for Mutual Respect","authors":"D. Zucker","doi":"10.1177/01461079211019196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461079211019196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41921,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Theology Bulletin","volume":"51 1","pages":"163 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01461079211019196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43863476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1177/01461079211019210
R. Gnuse
Genesis 2 contains some powerful imagery germane to the discussion of environmental awareness and responsibility. Both humans and animals are described in Hebrew as nephesh hayya', a “living being,” but in English we translate the words differently to maintain our human superiority. We subsequently disown our oneness with the animal realm by brutalizing species of animals throughout the world. Likewise the human is put into the garden to “keep” or “protect” it, which is not what we have been doing with either the world or the animal kingdom.
{"title":"The “Living Soul” in People and Animals: Environmental Themes from Genesis 2","authors":"R. Gnuse","doi":"10.1177/01461079211019210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461079211019210","url":null,"abstract":"Genesis 2 contains some powerful imagery germane to the discussion of environmental awareness and responsibility. Both humans and animals are described in Hebrew as nephesh hayya', a “living being,” but in English we translate the words differently to maintain our human superiority. We subsequently disown our oneness with the animal realm by brutalizing species of animals throughout the world. Likewise the human is put into the garden to “keep” or “protect” it, which is not what we have been doing with either the world or the animal kingdom.","PeriodicalId":41921,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Theology Bulletin","volume":"51 1","pages":"168 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01461079211019210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41790941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-05DOI: 10.1177/01461079211016744
D. Zucker
{"title":"Book Review: Unbinding Isaac: The Significance of the Akedah for Modern Jewish Thought, by Aaron Koller","authors":"D. Zucker","doi":"10.1177/01461079211016744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461079211016744","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41921,"journal":{"name":"Biblical Theology Bulletin","volume":"52 1","pages":"51 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01461079211016744","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46678806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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