Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162783
Timur Yunusov, W. Holderbaum, B. Potter
Distributed generation plays a key role in reducing CO2 emissions and losses in transmission of power. However, due to the nature of renewable resources, distributed generation requires suitable control strategies to assure reliability and optimality for the grid. Multi-agent systems are perfect candidates for providing distributed control of distributed generation stations as well as providing reliability and flexibility for the grid integration.
{"title":"Cost function for sub-agent elements in multi-agent energy management system","authors":"Timur Yunusov, W. Holderbaum, B. Potter","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162783","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed generation plays a key role in reducing CO2 emissions and losses in transmission of power. However, due to the nature of renewable resources, distributed generation requires suitable control strategies to assure reliability and optimality for the grid. Multi-agent systems are perfect candidates for providing distributed control of distributed generation stations as well as providing reliability and flexibility for the grid integration.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121250998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162826
M. Waite, Li Zhang, B. Chong
Harmonic characteristics of a number of widely used appliances are investigated. Their cumulative effect on a 3-phase 4-wire distribution network, in terms of severity of harmonic disturbance and current unbalance, is explored. This data is used in designing an active power filter based on a 3-phase 4-leg flying capacitor multilevel converter to eliminate the harmonics and current unbalance. The controller is tuned according to an emulation of the measured current. The algorithm employs a modified dead-beat control law to overcome the response delays caused by harmonic extraction loop. Simulation results have shown significant improvement in current waveforms.
{"title":"Active power filtering for a three-phase four-wire network with unidentifiable harmonic loads","authors":"M. Waite, Li Zhang, B. Chong","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162826","url":null,"abstract":"Harmonic characteristics of a number of widely used appliances are investigated. Their cumulative effect on a 3-phase 4-wire distribution network, in terms of severity of harmonic disturbance and current unbalance, is explored. This data is used in designing an active power filter based on a 3-phase 4-leg flying capacitor multilevel converter to eliminate the harmonics and current unbalance. The controller is tuned according to an emulation of the measured current. The algorithm employs a modified dead-beat control law to overcome the response delays caused by harmonic extraction loop. Simulation results have shown significant improvement in current waveforms.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134593648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162732
D. Papadaskalopoulos, G. Strbac
In the emerging power systems setting, the realization of the demand flexibility potential needs to be coupled with its integration in electricity markets. Decentralization of market mechanisms constitutes a major challenge towards the achievement of such integration. In this paper, a decentralized day-ahead pool market mechanism is proposed, based on Lagrangian Relaxation (LR) principles. Issues related to demand participation through the proposed mechanism are addressed from the perspective of electric vehicles (EV) due to their significant flexibility potential. Their local, surplus maximization bidding problems are formulated taking into account their detailed, inter-temporal characteristics. Discontinuities in their market behaviour and their impacts on equilibrium existence are identified and a suitable LR-heuristic method is proposed to reach a satisfactory feasible market clearing solution when such discontinuities make an equilibrium solution unattainable. Benefits realized through the proposed approaches are quantified and analyzed through suitable case studies.
{"title":"Participation of electric vehicles in electricity markets through a decentralized mechanism","authors":"D. Papadaskalopoulos, G. Strbac","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162732","url":null,"abstract":"In the emerging power systems setting, the realization of the demand flexibility potential needs to be coupled with its integration in electricity markets. Decentralization of market mechanisms constitutes a major challenge towards the achievement of such integration. In this paper, a decentralized day-ahead pool market mechanism is proposed, based on Lagrangian Relaxation (LR) principles. Issues related to demand participation through the proposed mechanism are addressed from the perspective of electric vehicles (EV) due to their significant flexibility potential. Their local, surplus maximization bidding problems are formulated taking into account their detailed, inter-temporal characteristics. Discontinuities in their market behaviour and their impacts on equilibrium existence are identified and a suitable LR-heuristic method is proposed to reach a satisfactory feasible market clearing solution when such discontinuities make an equilibrium solution unattainable. Benefits realized through the proposed approaches are quantified and analyzed through suitable case studies.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115068691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162748
J. Rodrigues, F. O. Resende, C. Moreira
This paper proposes technical solutions that can be implemented in variable speed permanent magnet synchronous generators driven wind turbine systems aiming to mitigate high voltage problems in low voltage MicroGrids by controlling the active power output. Due to the limited control capability of these systems, controlling the output power to prevent voltage rise will require the local accommodation of the generation surplus. For this purpose, additional control functionalities are developed to be integrated in the control systems of the power electronic based interfaces. Their performance is evaluated through numerical simulations performed in Matlab®/Simulink® environment and considering the detailed models of the power electronic converters. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control functionalities.
{"title":"Contribution of PMSG based small wind generation systems to provide voltage control in low voltage networks","authors":"J. Rodrigues, F. O. Resende, C. Moreira","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162748","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes technical solutions that can be implemented in variable speed permanent magnet synchronous generators driven wind turbine systems aiming to mitigate high voltage problems in low voltage MicroGrids by controlling the active power output. Due to the limited control capability of these systems, controlling the output power to prevent voltage rise will require the local accommodation of the generation surplus. For this purpose, additional control functionalities are developed to be integrated in the control systems of the power electronic based interfaces. Their performance is evaluated through numerical simulations performed in Matlab®/Simulink® environment and considering the detailed models of the power electronic converters. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control functionalities.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"276 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115068708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162707
I. Vechiu, Aitor Etxeberria, H. Camblong, J. Vinassa
Microgrids can potentially improve security, quality, reliability and availability of electricity supply for many applications. In order to achieve these benefits when a microgrid with a substantial amount of stochastic generation operates in grid connected mode but also during islanding mode, the use of storage systems is essential. The main goal of the storage is to perform power balance during islanding mode and to avoid the effect of the renewable energy sources intermittency and load fluctuations to the grid. However, none of the currently available Energy Storage Systems (ESS) has the necessary high power and energy densities to face the effect of different disturbances coming from the load or renewable energy sources. Thus, the association of more than one storage technology in a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) can be used to satisfy the above mentioned requirements. Generally, separate DC/DC converters are required to interconnect the different ESS with an inverter in order to supply the distributed system in a microgrid. The present work proposes the association of a Vanadium-Redox flow battery (VRB) with supercapacitors and a Three-level Neutral Point Clamped Inverter Interface for energy management in a microgrid. The power converter control and the energy management are also detailed. Simulation results are presented to prove the feasibility of the proposed system.
{"title":"Three-level Neutral Point Clamped Inverter Interface for flow battery/supercapacitor Energy Storage System used for microgrids","authors":"I. Vechiu, Aitor Etxeberria, H. Camblong, J. Vinassa","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162707","url":null,"abstract":"Microgrids can potentially improve security, quality, reliability and availability of electricity supply for many applications. In order to achieve these benefits when a microgrid with a substantial amount of stochastic generation operates in grid connected mode but also during islanding mode, the use of storage systems is essential. The main goal of the storage is to perform power balance during islanding mode and to avoid the effect of the renewable energy sources intermittency and load fluctuations to the grid. However, none of the currently available Energy Storage Systems (ESS) has the necessary high power and energy densities to face the effect of different disturbances coming from the load or renewable energy sources. Thus, the association of more than one storage technology in a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) can be used to satisfy the above mentioned requirements. Generally, separate DC/DC converters are required to interconnect the different ESS with an inverter in order to supply the distributed system in a microgrid. The present work proposes the association of a Vanadium-Redox flow battery (VRB) with supercapacitors and a Three-level Neutral Point Clamped Inverter Interface for energy management in a microgrid. The power converter control and the energy management are also detailed. Simulation results are presented to prove the feasibility of the proposed system.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115222727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162796
A. Venturi, P. Clarkson, A. Forbes, E. Davidson, A. Roscoe, G. Burt, Xin-She Yang, P. Wright
The necessity of developing alternatives to fossil combustibles as energy sources is increasingly leading towards non-conventional, renewable and distributed generation systems. To manage the transition from the present centralized grid to the future active systems consisting of multiple bi-directional energy clients it is necessary to extend the measurement systems to LV grids. The overall objective of this work is to install real-time measuring devices at a few grid locations, and use distribution state estimation techniques to implement active network management techniques on an experimental 100-kVA micro-grid.
{"title":"The role of accurate measurements within smartgrids","authors":"A. Venturi, P. Clarkson, A. Forbes, E. Davidson, A. Roscoe, G. Burt, Xin-She Yang, P. Wright","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162796","url":null,"abstract":"The necessity of developing alternatives to fossil combustibles as energy sources is increasingly leading towards non-conventional, renewable and distributed generation systems. To manage the transition from the present centralized grid to the future active systems consisting of multiple bi-directional energy clients it is necessary to extend the measurement systems to LV grids. The overall objective of this work is to install real-time measuring devices at a few grid locations, and use distribution state estimation techniques to implement active network management techniques on an experimental 100-kVA micro-grid.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114726975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162823
Afshin Pashaie, B. Zahawi, D. Giaouris
Finding an optimal location for a Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) device in an electrical network can be a significant concern. In this paper, the use of Distributed Static Series Compensation (DSSC) is suggested to improve the voltage profile in LV 11 kV distribution networks and for network power flow control.
{"title":"Distributed Static Series Compensation for distribution network line voltage profile improvement","authors":"Afshin Pashaie, B. Zahawi, D. Giaouris","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162823","url":null,"abstract":"Finding an optimal location for a Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) device in an electrical network can be a significant concern. In this paper, the use of Distributed Static Series Compensation (DSSC) is suggested to improve the voltage profile in LV 11 kV distribution networks and for network power flow control.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123557696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162782
L. Kumpulainen, S. Pettissalo, P. Trygg, K. Malmberg, M. Loukkalahti, Markku Hyvärinen
This paper reports the key features and practical experience gained so far of a unique distribution network monitoring and control system. Intelligent components and communication equipment at MV/LV substations have enabled extension of SCADA and DMS systems from HV/MV substations down to LV level. The functionality includes e.g. power quality monitoring, control of MV switches, and MV fault indication. Putting various functions together, the system is a real example of changing the grid smarter and providing tools for network asset management. Practical examples and experience of the system are reported in the paper.
{"title":"Improved monitoring and control of distribution network by smart MV/LV substations","authors":"L. Kumpulainen, S. Pettissalo, P. Trygg, K. Malmberg, M. Loukkalahti, Markku Hyvärinen","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162782","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the key features and practical experience gained so far of a unique distribution network monitoring and control system. Intelligent components and communication equipment at MV/LV substations have enabled extension of SCADA and DMS systems from HV/MV substations down to LV level. The functionality includes e.g. power quality monitoring, control of MV switches, and MV fault indication. Putting various functions together, the system is a real example of changing the grid smarter and providing tools for network asset management. Practical examples and experience of the system are reported in the paper.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124227584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162809
L. MacIsaac, A. Knox
A literature review of the existing developments in smart grid technology is provided which identifies the need for further development in tools to simulate the end-use stage of the smart grids. A new modelling tool which captures the electrical, heat transfer, communication and software control elements of domestic smart grid systems is presented. Following a description of the operation of this tool, a case study into a “smart” domestic heating system which can respond in real time to grid pricing signals is presented. Results of the modelling of this system in the new simulation tool are reported.
{"title":"Domestic end-use simulation of smart grid technologies","authors":"L. MacIsaac, A. Knox","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162809","url":null,"abstract":"A literature review of the existing developments in smart grid technology is provided which identifies the need for further development in tools to simulate the end-use stage of the smart grids. A new modelling tool which captures the electrical, heat transfer, communication and software control elements of domestic smart grid systems is presented. Following a description of the operation of this tool, a case study into a “smart” domestic heating system which can respond in real time to grid pricing signals is presented. Results of the modelling of this system in the new simulation tool are reported.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129856815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162824
Shailendra Fuloria, Ross J. Anderson
The security of the electricity delivery system has received much attention recently with increasing focus on Smart Grids. While substations used to be protected by concrete walls and barbed wire, today the industry is getting worried about attacks over the communication infrastructure. In this paper, we analyse the primary threats and present a first cut of a security architecture. We suggest security policy options for utilities, as well as protocols to do key management for substations. We conclude that the priority should be to secure the electronic perimeter of substation—as this has the maximum impact. Authentication should be done at the level of the substation station room rather the substation bays. Using cryptography for authentication inside substation bays does not have significant benefits, but is likely to bring fragility instead.
{"title":"Towards a security architecture for substations","authors":"Shailendra Fuloria, Ross J. Anderson","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162824","url":null,"abstract":"The security of the electricity delivery system has received much attention recently with increasing focus on Smart Grids. While substations used to be protected by concrete walls and barbed wire, today the industry is getting worried about attacks over the communication infrastructure. In this paper, we analyse the primary threats and present a first cut of a security architecture. We suggest security policy options for utilities, as well as protocols to do key management for substations. We conclude that the priority should be to secure the electronic perimeter of substation—as this has the maximum impact. Authentication should be done at the level of the substation station room rather the substation bays. Using cryptography for authentication inside substation bays does not have significant benefits, but is likely to bring fragility instead.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129533635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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