Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162715
I. Vassileva, F. Wallin, Yong Ding, M. Beigl, E. Dahlquist
Numerous studies have shown that households' consumption is an important part of the total energy consumed in different countries. However, there is very little work done on finding appropriate strategies of giving households' effective feedback on their energy consumption. This study analyzes several indicators that could be considered before analyzing residential overall energy consumption and providing information, feedback, or developing demand-response measures. A questionnaire sent out to 2000 households having 33% response rate shows that the total households' income and characteristics, occupants' age and users' energy attitudes and interest are the key components designing relevant energy information strategies.
{"title":"Household indicators for developing innovative feedback technologies","authors":"I. Vassileva, F. Wallin, Yong Ding, M. Beigl, E. Dahlquist","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162715","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies have shown that households' consumption is an important part of the total energy consumed in different countries. However, there is very little work done on finding appropriate strategies of giving households' effective feedback on their energy consumption. This study analyzes several indicators that could be considered before analyzing residential overall energy consumption and providing information, feedback, or developing demand-response measures. A questionnaire sent out to 2000 households having 33% response rate shows that the total households' income and characteristics, occupants' age and users' energy attitudes and interest are the key components designing relevant energy information strategies.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129560237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162804
Larisa Rizvanovic, Mikael Åkerholm, G. Bag, P. Stoll, J. Rossebø
In this paper we present the Active House industrial demonstrator, exhibited at the ELFACK fair (May 2011), which demonstrates the role of home/building automation systems in energy management at home. Moreover, we introduce the Active House deployment architecture in the smart grid that provides the basis for the industrial demonstrator. We discuss the demonstrator as the proof-of-concept that allows us to evaluate the applicability of the architectural solution and validate whether the Active House architecture can provide the right starting point for integrating the Active House into the grid.
{"title":"Active House: Industrial demonstrator","authors":"Larisa Rizvanovic, Mikael Åkerholm, G. Bag, P. Stoll, J. Rossebø","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162804","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present the Active House industrial demonstrator, exhibited at the ELFACK fair (May 2011), which demonstrates the role of home/building automation systems in energy management at home. Moreover, we introduce the Active House deployment architecture in the smart grid that provides the basis for the industrial demonstrator. We discuss the demonstrator as the proof-of-concept that allows us to evaluate the applicability of the architectural solution and validate whether the Active House architecture can provide the right starting point for integrating the Active House into the grid.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128057809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162624
Jun Cao, W. Du, Haifeng F. Wang, L. Xiao
The paper adopts the Latin Hypercube Sampling with Dependence (LHSD) method to solve the Probabilistic Load Flow (PLF) problem with correlated random variables for distribution networks. The proposed method is investigated using modified IEEE 34 distribution system with random loads, Wind power and Photovoltaics (PVs). Three different cases are studied and the comparison results shows that the LHSD method handles correlations efficiently and presents an accurate simulation result with a much smaller simulation size. The method has the potential to be applied in many power system probabilistic problems.
{"title":"Probabilistic load flow using latin hypercube sampling with dependence for distribution networks","authors":"Jun Cao, W. Du, Haifeng F. Wang, L. Xiao","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162624","url":null,"abstract":"The paper adopts the Latin Hypercube Sampling with Dependence (LHSD) method to solve the Probabilistic Load Flow (PLF) problem with correlated random variables for distribution networks. The proposed method is investigated using modified IEEE 34 distribution system with random loads, Wind power and Photovoltaics (PVs). Three different cases are studied and the comparison results shows that the LHSD method handles correlations efficiently and presents an accurate simulation result with a much smaller simulation size. The method has the potential to be applied in many power system probabilistic problems.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128509809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162682
P. Nguyen, W. Kling, P. Ribeiro
The expected large-scale implementation of distributed generation (DG) requires a change in the current structure and operation of distribution networks. The future distribution network must be able to manage power flow in a bidirectional way, cope with uncertainties of renewable power generation and adjust to demands of more sophisticated customers. This paper introduces the concept of a power routing function to avoid congestion, minimize the operating cost, and adequately serve the requirements of customers. This function considers the optimal power flow as a problem of minimum cost flow in the graph theory. The Scaling Push-Relabel (SPR) algorithm is used to solve that problem. It will be implemented in a distributed agent environment which is suitable with a design concept of Active Distribution Networks. The performance of the power routing function is tested on a simulation of the medium voltage 32-bus network. Simulation results show the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed function in dealing with issues of load demand increases and network configuration changes.
{"title":"Agent-based power routing in Active Distribution Networks","authors":"P. Nguyen, W. Kling, P. Ribeiro","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162682","url":null,"abstract":"The expected large-scale implementation of distributed generation (DG) requires a change in the current structure and operation of distribution networks. The future distribution network must be able to manage power flow in a bidirectional way, cope with uncertainties of renewable power generation and adjust to demands of more sophisticated customers. This paper introduces the concept of a power routing function to avoid congestion, minimize the operating cost, and adequately serve the requirements of customers. This function considers the optimal power flow as a problem of minimum cost flow in the graph theory. The Scaling Push-Relabel (SPR) algorithm is used to solve that problem. It will be implemented in a distributed agent environment which is suitable with a design concept of Active Distribution Networks. The performance of the power routing function is tested on a simulation of the medium voltage 32-bus network. Simulation results show the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed function in dealing with issues of load demand increases and network configuration changes.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121795542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162672
P. Wirasanti, E. Ortjohann, S. Jaloudi, D. Morton
A large number of new and decentralized energy conversion systems (ECSs) in combination with renewable energy sources (RESs) have recently been integrated into the conventional grid to build up sustainable energy supply systems. This is one of main challenge of future smart grids. Thus, currently there are plenty researches focusing on the grid integration such as clustering concept. By clustering concept, it has a possibility to form the distributed generation (DG) units in a small group, which can establish an advance control function in order to make this small group to behave like a virtual power plant. Therefore, the grid integration can be completed in an easily way. However by adding the new grids, the fluctuation of dynamic behavior can cause the unstable power systems, for example, the voltage profile can temporally be out of the nominal rated condition. To avoid the unstable condition, the basic description such as the power flow between connected- or decoupling positions must be clarified and analyzed. In general analysis, the power system analysis needs to recreate the model structure when the new grid is joining the existing grids. This results in an increased complexity of power system analysis. Therefore, this paper introduces the decoupling power system analysis, which can analyze separately on each grid and no need to recreate new model when power systems structure is changed by adding the new grid. To validate the proposed method, the simulation case studies are provided and the results prove that the proposed method can be utilized as the general analysis method.
{"title":"Decoupling power systems analysis using hybrid load flow calculation","authors":"P. Wirasanti, E. Ortjohann, S. Jaloudi, D. Morton","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162672","url":null,"abstract":"A large number of new and decentralized energy conversion systems (ECSs) in combination with renewable energy sources (RESs) have recently been integrated into the conventional grid to build up sustainable energy supply systems. This is one of main challenge of future smart grids. Thus, currently there are plenty researches focusing on the grid integration such as clustering concept. By clustering concept, it has a possibility to form the distributed generation (DG) units in a small group, which can establish an advance control function in order to make this small group to behave like a virtual power plant. Therefore, the grid integration can be completed in an easily way. However by adding the new grids, the fluctuation of dynamic behavior can cause the unstable power systems, for example, the voltage profile can temporally be out of the nominal rated condition. To avoid the unstable condition, the basic description such as the power flow between connected- or decoupling positions must be clarified and analyzed. In general analysis, the power system analysis needs to recreate the model structure when the new grid is joining the existing grids. This results in an increased complexity of power system analysis. Therefore, this paper introduces the decoupling power system analysis, which can analyze separately on each grid and no need to recreate new model when power systems structure is changed by adding the new grid. To validate the proposed method, the simulation case studies are provided and the results prove that the proposed method can be utilized as the general analysis method.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115935443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162831
P. Kadurek, J. Cobben, W. Kling
The current distribution networks are going to be challenged by new developments on the side of generation and simultaneously also on the side of consumption. Therefore this paper provides an overview of LV network design aspects with emphasis on the implications of the future challenges on LV networks. The attention is especially given to the future aspect of the network design, substation automation, protection and mitigation of the issues accompanying distributed generation. The current operational and power quality measurements undertaken in LV distribution networks are presented as well as new additional measurements. The need to increase flexibility and assets utilization of LV networks is discussed together with the technical means enabling them. The outcomes related to the future LV network design are presented in conclusions.
{"title":"Future LV distribution network design and current practices in the Netherlands","authors":"P. Kadurek, J. Cobben, W. Kling","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162831","url":null,"abstract":"The current distribution networks are going to be challenged by new developments on the side of generation and simultaneously also on the side of consumption. Therefore this paper provides an overview of LV network design aspects with emphasis on the implications of the future challenges on LV networks. The attention is especially given to the future aspect of the network design, substation automation, protection and mitigation of the issues accompanying distributed generation. The current operational and power quality measurements undertaken in LV distribution networks are presented as well as new additional measurements. The need to increase flexibility and assets utilization of LV networks is discussed together with the technical means enabling them. The outcomes related to the future LV network design are presented in conclusions.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"46 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121295724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162696
Miguel A. Lopez, Sebastián Martín, J. Aguado, S. D. L. Torre
The concern about the complete depletion of fossil fuels along with the negative environmental impact of most of the current energy sources are significant reasons to think of a different way to produce electrical energy and, at the same time, satisfy the necessities for urban mobility. In this context, microgrids (MGs) are power networks which, among other properties, allow more flexible demand consumption, and also help with, the efficient integration of renewable resources and electric vehicles (EVs). However, the effect of the incorporation of EVs has to be taken into consideration with care, since that situation may drive to unfeasible operations in grids which have not been designed to support these particular elements. In this paper, a system composed of different agents is used to develop a market-oriented operation in a MG with several EV charge stations. It is expected that the system takes to an optimal management allowing a technically feasible operation considering the behaviour of every agent involved. The demand shifting and the flexible operation of EVs, spatial and temporal, are features that reduce costs and thus improve the benefit of the participants.
{"title":"Optimal microgrid operation with electric vehicles","authors":"Miguel A. Lopez, Sebastián Martín, J. Aguado, S. D. L. Torre","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162696","url":null,"abstract":"The concern about the complete depletion of fossil fuels along with the negative environmental impact of most of the current energy sources are significant reasons to think of a different way to produce electrical energy and, at the same time, satisfy the necessities for urban mobility. In this context, microgrids (MGs) are power networks which, among other properties, allow more flexible demand consumption, and also help with, the efficient integration of renewable resources and electric vehicles (EVs). However, the effect of the incorporation of EVs has to be taken into consideration with care, since that situation may drive to unfeasible operations in grids which have not been designed to support these particular elements. In this paper, a system composed of different agents is used to develop a market-oriented operation in a MG with several EV charge stations. It is expected that the system takes to an optimal management allowing a technically feasible operation considering the behaviour of every agent involved. The demand shifting and the flexible operation of EVs, spatial and temporal, are features that reduce costs and thus improve the benefit of the participants.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128972038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162650
Irinel-Sorin Ilie, I. Hernando‐Gil, A. Collin, J. Acosta, S. Djokic
The paper discusses possible impact of demand-side management (DSM) functionalities on the improvement of reliability performance and formulation of novel reliability assessment procedures of future electricity networks (so called “smart grids”). Firstly, traditionally used continuity of supply metrics and indices are assessed for a given reliability test system without considering any DSM scheme. Differences in the results for reliability indices for test system modelled with bulk loads and system modelled with detailed network configurations supplying connected loads are quantified, emphasising the errors that occur when parts of the system are neglected during the estimations of reliability performance. Afterwards, the effect of DSM on the reliability performance of the same test network are analysed, in order to assess potential benefits of DSM to the network operators, particularly with respect to their annual performance reports. Finally, possible changes in used reliability metrics are discussed, as smart grids will allow to substitute standard lumped representation of system loads at higher voltage levels with a more accurate and detailed information on load demands and load structures, including estimated contribution of demand-manageable portion of system load to the total demand.
{"title":"Reliability performance assessment in smart grids with demand-side management","authors":"Irinel-Sorin Ilie, I. Hernando‐Gil, A. Collin, J. Acosta, S. Djokic","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162650","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses possible impact of demand-side management (DSM) functionalities on the improvement of reliability performance and formulation of novel reliability assessment procedures of future electricity networks (so called “smart grids”). Firstly, traditionally used continuity of supply metrics and indices are assessed for a given reliability test system without considering any DSM scheme. Differences in the results for reliability indices for test system modelled with bulk loads and system modelled with detailed network configurations supplying connected loads are quantified, emphasising the errors that occur when parts of the system are neglected during the estimations of reliability performance. Afterwards, the effect of DSM on the reliability performance of the same test network are analysed, in order to assess potential benefits of DSM to the network operators, particularly with respect to their annual performance reports. Finally, possible changes in used reliability metrics are discussed, as smart grids will allow to substitute standard lumped representation of system loads at higher voltage levels with a more accurate and detailed information on load demands and load structures, including estimated contribution of demand-manageable portion of system load to the total demand.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117225652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162641
U. Braun
The paper will present the usage of Broadband Powerline (BPL) communication technology as a backbone communication infrastructure for smart metering and smart grid applications and systems. BPL provides transparent real-time TCP/IP communication over existing MV/LV grids. The technology is being used, for example, as the communications platform for the Smart City Mannheim (MoMa) project, where more than 10 000 BPL modems in total are deployed, covering most of the city area and giving access to BPL TCP/IP connectivity to more than 120 000 households.
{"title":"Bridging the gap with Broadband Powerline (BPL) technology","authors":"U. Braun","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162641","url":null,"abstract":"The paper will present the usage of Broadband Powerline (BPL) communication technology as a backbone communication infrastructure for smart metering and smart grid applications and systems. BPL provides transparent real-time TCP/IP communication over existing MV/LV grids. The technology is being used, for example, as the communications platform for the Smart City Mannheim (MoMa) project, where more than 10 000 BPL modems in total are deployed, covering most of the city area and giving access to BPL TCP/IP connectivity to more than 120 000 households.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131164077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162780
S. Paoletti, M. Casini, Antonio Giannitrapani, A. Facchini, A. Garulli, A. Vicino
This paper addresses the problem of electric load forecasting for distribution networks with Active Demand (AD), a new concept in smart-grids introduced within the EU project ADDRESS. By changing the typical consumption pattern of the consumers, AD adds a new dimension to the problem of load forecasting, and therefore makes currently available load forecasting techniques no more suitable. A new approach to load forecasting in the presence of AD is therefore proposed. The approach is based on a decomposition of the load into its components, namely the base load (representing different seasonal patterns), and a residual term depending both on stochastic fluctuations and AD effects. The performance of the proposed approach is illustrated through a numerical example. Since data sets including AD are not yet available, in the numerical example AD effects are simulated and added to real measurements representing the aggregated load of about 60 consumers from an Italian LV network.
{"title":"Load forecasting for active distribution networks","authors":"S. Paoletti, M. Casini, Antonio Giannitrapani, A. Facchini, A. Garulli, A. Vicino","doi":"10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTEurope.2011.6162780","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the problem of electric load forecasting for distribution networks with Active Demand (AD), a new concept in smart-grids introduced within the EU project ADDRESS. By changing the typical consumption pattern of the consumers, AD adds a new dimension to the problem of load forecasting, and therefore makes currently available load forecasting techniques no more suitable. A new approach to load forecasting in the presence of AD is therefore proposed. The approach is based on a decomposition of the load into its components, namely the base load (representing different seasonal patterns), and a residual term depending both on stochastic fluctuations and AD effects. The performance of the proposed approach is illustrated through a numerical example. Since data sets including AD are not yet available, in the numerical example AD effects are simulated and added to real measurements representing the aggregated load of about 60 consumers from an Italian LV network.","PeriodicalId":419250,"journal":{"name":"2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132875225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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