The modulus of elasticity of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites greatly depends on the fiber orientation and the fiber volume fraction. This paper investigates the effects of fiber orientation and fiber volume fraction using the commercially available Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software Abaqus. Carbon fiber is the reinforcing material, while epoxy is used as the matrix. Representative Volume Element (RVE) of the unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced composites are modeled in Abaqus, and the unidirectional tensile test is simulated to determine the modulus of elasticity for different fiber orientations and fiber volume fractions. The numerical results are verified by previously published results and by experimental results. It is found that the modulus of elasticity of the composite is maximum when the fiber inclination angle is 0°, i.e., the fibers are placed along the loading direction. As the fiber orientation angle increases, the modulus of elasticity also decreases and is almost constant after 45°. A linear increase in modulus of elasticity is observed for an increase in fiber volume fraction. This model will help the researcher to select the appropriate fiber orientation and volume fraction for a specific application.
{"title":"Effect of Fiber Orientation and Volume Fraction on Young's Modulus for Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites: A Numerical Investigation","authors":"Md Sakhawat Hossain, Md Sayed Anwar, Md Shariful Islam, Md Arifuzzaman","doi":"10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.4554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.4554","url":null,"abstract":"The modulus of elasticity of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites greatly depends on the fiber orientation and the fiber volume fraction. This paper investigates the effects of fiber orientation and fiber volume fraction using the commercially available Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software Abaqus. Carbon fiber is the reinforcing material, while epoxy is used as the matrix. Representative Volume Element (RVE) of the unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced composites are modeled in Abaqus, and the unidirectional tensile test is simulated to determine the modulus of elasticity for different fiber orientations and fiber volume fractions. The numerical results are verified by previously published results and by experimental results. It is found that the modulus of elasticity of the composite is maximum when the fiber inclination angle is 0°, i.e., the fibers are placed along the loading direction. As the fiber orientation angle increases, the modulus of elasticity also decreases and is almost constant after 45°. A linear increase in modulus of elasticity is observed for an increase in fiber volume fraction. This model will help the researcher to select the appropriate fiber orientation and volume fraction for a specific application.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.98111
Afrida Kabir, Faiyaj Kabir, Saief Newaz Chowdhury, A. R. M Harunur Rashid
Many individuals in Bangladesh prefer using private vehicles to avoid the discomfort of public transportation, causing significant congestion during rush hours. To ensure a pleasant journey in public transit, including safe and comfortable handgrips becomes crucial. This study adopts a comprehensive approach to alleviate the discomfort and hand fatigue experienced by public transport commuters in Bangladesh. Our research methodology thoroughly analyses existing handgrips with a diverse age group (11-50) and varied occupational backgrounds, ensuring inclusivity. Meticulously collected anthropometric data from previously published works incorporates the 95th percentiles to account for diverse hand sizes. Leveraging computer-aided design tools, we optimize the hand grip design based on ergonomic principles and hand anatomy. Our study fills a crucial gap by integrating locally derived anthropometric data. The resulting ergonomic hand grip, designed for the specific needs of Bangladeshi commuters, is poised for seamless integration into the public transport system, promising a substantial improvement in comfort and a more positive commuting experience.
{"title":"Design, Simulation and Fabrication of an Ergonomic Handgrip for Public Transport in Bangladesh","authors":"Afrida Kabir, Faiyaj Kabir, Saief Newaz Chowdhury, A. R. M Harunur Rashid","doi":"10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.98111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.98111","url":null,"abstract":"Many individuals in Bangladesh prefer using private vehicles to avoid the discomfort of public transportation, causing significant congestion during rush hours. To ensure a pleasant journey in public transit, including safe and comfortable handgrips becomes crucial. This study adopts a comprehensive approach to alleviate the discomfort and hand fatigue experienced by public transport commuters in Bangladesh. Our research methodology thoroughly analyses existing handgrips with a diverse age group (11-50) and varied occupational backgrounds, ensuring inclusivity. Meticulously collected anthropometric data from previously published works incorporates the 95th percentiles to account for diverse hand sizes. Leveraging computer-aided design tools, we optimize the hand grip design based on ergonomic principles and hand anatomy. Our study fills a crucial gap by integrating locally derived anthropometric data. The resulting ergonomic hand grip, designed for the specific needs of Bangladeshi commuters, is poised for seamless integration into the public transport system, promising a substantial improvement in comfort and a more positive commuting experience.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"24 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140375496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aluminum-air (Al-air) cells have the potential to become vital in energy storage applications in the future because of their high energy density, which is even higher than that of commonly used lithium-ion batteries. However, it is not used widely because the cost of air cathode catalysts and metal anode is high. However, suppose the catalysts are replaced with activated carbon or rice husk ash as an alternative and recycled aluminum foil as an anode. In that case, the production cost might be feasible for the vast use of this type of cell. This study's main objective is to utilize some commonly available material in fabricating an Al-air battery suitable for small and day-to-day usage, reducing production costs and limitations. In this paper, a focused analysis was made on the feasibility of using an activated carbon and rice husk mixture as an air cathode catalyst for an Al-air cell, and the observations were interesting. About 11 samples of a mixture of rice husk ash (RHA) and activated carbon (AC) in different ratios have been made to find the best results from 0.68-0.72 V, which increases by 8-20%, measuring each sample after 3 days. In this study, another attempt was made to replace the graphite cathode of a dry cell with a mixture of AC and RHA. Voltage drop is quite negligible for the mixture of 10% RHA. The resulting voltage is similar to the new 100% activated carbon battery as a cathode. If considering the environmental effect, using recycled activated carbon and rice husk ash will decrease pollution and open a new door to apply in primary cells.
{"title":"An Innovative Approach to Assess the Potentiality of Using Activated Carbon and Rice Husk Ash in Aluminum-Air Battery","authors":"Md. Anayet Ullah Patwari, Arman Hossain, Irteza Maroof, Md. Fahim Mahmud","doi":"10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.5567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.5567","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum-air (Al-air) cells have the potential to become vital in energy storage applications in the future because of their high energy density, which is even higher than that of commonly used lithium-ion batteries. However, it is not used widely because the cost of air cathode catalysts and metal anode is high. However, suppose the catalysts are replaced with activated carbon or rice husk ash as an alternative and recycled aluminum foil as an anode. In that case, the production cost might be feasible for the vast use of this type of cell. This study's main objective is to utilize some commonly available material in fabricating an Al-air battery suitable for small and day-to-day usage, reducing production costs and limitations. In this paper, a focused analysis was made on the feasibility of using an activated carbon and rice husk mixture as an air cathode catalyst for an Al-air cell, and the observations were interesting. About 11 samples of a mixture of rice husk ash (RHA) and activated carbon (AC) in different ratios have been made to find the best results from 0.68-0.72 V, which increases by 8-20%, measuring each sample after 3 days. In this study, another attempt was made to replace the graphite cathode of a dry cell with a mixture of AC and RHA. Voltage drop is quite negligible for the mixture of 10% RHA. The resulting voltage is similar to the new 100% activated carbon battery as a cathode. If considering the environmental effect, using recycled activated carbon and rice husk ash will decrease pollution and open a new door to apply in primary cells.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unidirectional polypropylene (PP) composites reinforced with bhendi fibers (BFs) were produced after BFs were subjected to UV light at different intensities. Mechanical parameters such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength of irradiated BF/PP composites significantly improved compared to non-irradiated counterparts. To enhance their properties, different amounts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in methanol were applied to the surfaces of irradiated BFs, and UV light was subsequently used to cure them. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength values rose by 32%, 20%, and 37%, respectively, after the optimized grafting and mechanical properties. Alkali solutions were applied to BFs for 30 minutes at varying temperatures and concentrations to alter their surfaces. Then, using the same UV light, BFs were photocured after being grafted with an optimal HEMA solution. Of all the composite samples treated with 10% HEMA, the alkali + 10% HEMA-treated composites exhibited superior mechanical performance. SEM studies exhibited that the optimized alkali with 10% HEMA treated composite had better dispersion than the 10% HEMA treated composite. Water absorption was significantly lower in the treated than in the untreated sample. According to weather studies, the treated specimens may have less loss tensile characteristics than the untreated specimens.
用不同强度的紫外线照射苯地纤维（BF）后，生产出了用苯地纤维（BF）增强的单向聚丙烯（PP）复合材料。与未经过辐照的复合材料相比，经过辐照的 BF/PP 复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸模量和冲击强度等力学参数都有显著提高。为了增强其性能，在辐照过的 BF 表面涂抹了不同量的甲醇甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA），然后用紫外线固化。优化接枝和机械性能后，拉伸强度、拉伸模量和冲击强度值分别提高了 32%、20% 和 37%。在不同温度和浓度下，将碱溶液施加到 BF 上 30 分钟，以改变其表面。然后，使用相同的紫外光，对接枝了最佳 HEMA 溶液的 BFs 进行光固化。在所有用 10% HEMA 处理过的复合材料样品中，碱+10% HEMA 处理过的复合材料具有更优越的机械性能。扫描电子显微镜研究表明，经优化的碱+10% HEMA 处理的复合材料比经 10% HEMA 处理的复合材料具有更好的分散性。经处理的样品吸水性明显低于未经处理的样品。根据气象研究，经处理的试样可能比未经处理的试样具有更少的拉伸特性损失。
{"title":"Fabrication and Analysis of Physico-Mechanical Characteristics of Chemically Treated Bhendi Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites: Effect of UV Radiation","authors":"Haydar Zaman","doi":"10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.113","url":null,"abstract":"Unidirectional polypropylene (PP) composites reinforced with bhendi fibers (BFs) were produced after BFs were subjected to UV light at different intensities. Mechanical parameters such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength of irradiated BF/PP composites significantly improved compared to non-irradiated counterparts. To enhance their properties, different amounts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in methanol were applied to the surfaces of irradiated BFs, and UV light was subsequently used to cure them. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength values rose by 32%, 20%, and 37%, respectively, after the optimized grafting and mechanical properties. Alkali solutions were applied to BFs for 30 minutes at varying temperatures and concentrations to alter their surfaces. Then, using the same UV light, BFs were photocured after being grafted with an optimal HEMA solution. Of all the composite samples treated with 10% HEMA, the alkali + 10% HEMA-treated composites exhibited superior mechanical performance. SEM studies exhibited that the optimized alkali with 10% HEMA treated composite had better dispersion than the 10% HEMA treated composite. Water absorption was significantly lower in the treated than in the untreated sample. According to weather studies, the treated specimens may have less loss tensile characteristics than the untreated specimens.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140375222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.2535
M Muzibur Rahman, Raisha Hasan Chowdhury, Tahian Ahmed Rafi, S Reaz Ahmed
Copper (Cu) is widely used for electrical wires, equipment parts, and components in commercial, industrial, and marine fields due to its excellent electromechanical properties. With rapid scientific and technological advancement and economic development, the demand for copper is increasing continuously. As such, scraped items have become important to meet the rising demand considering the depletion level of copper ores in nature. But sometimes old copper contains tin (Sn), lead (Pb), etc., which may alter its properties. Thus, it is necessary to characterize different properties, including corrosion resistance, to explore the appropriate engineering applications of scraped copper waste items. In this context, the present research reports the study of the corrosion behavior of pure Cu and scraped Cu in the river water environment of Bangladesh for the submersed period of 36 days. The investigations have been carried out for three relative velocity conditions of fluid, i.e., 0, 2 and 4 m/s. A gravimetric analysis was done to find out the corrosion rate. The results of this study indicate that the presence of only 1%Sn and 1%Pb in copper has significantly increased the corrosion rate in all three velocity conditions. At the same time, scraped copper's average corrosion rate has been increased by about 10% while the relative velocity is changed from 0 to 4 m/s. Micrographs have confirmed the extent of corrosion severity resulting from chemical composition and fluid velocity alterations.
{"title":"Corrosion Resistance of Scraped Copper in Velocity Varied Inland Water of Bangladesh","authors":"M Muzibur Rahman, Raisha Hasan Chowdhury, Tahian Ahmed Rafi, S Reaz Ahmed","doi":"10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.2535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.2535","url":null,"abstract":"Copper (Cu) is widely used for electrical wires, equipment parts, and components in commercial, industrial, and marine fields due to its excellent electromechanical properties. With rapid scientific and technological advancement and economic development, the demand for copper is increasing continuously. As such, scraped items have become important to meet the rising demand considering the depletion level of copper ores in nature. But sometimes old copper contains tin (Sn), lead (Pb), etc., which may alter its properties. Thus, it is necessary to characterize different properties, including corrosion resistance, to explore the appropriate engineering applications of scraped copper waste items. In this context, the present research reports the study of the corrosion behavior of pure Cu and scraped Cu in the river water environment of Bangladesh for the submersed period of 36 days. The investigations have been carried out for three relative velocity conditions of fluid, i.e., 0, 2 and 4 m/s. A gravimetric analysis was done to find out the corrosion rate. The results of this study indicate that the presence of only 1%Sn and 1%Pb in copper has significantly increased the corrosion rate in all three velocity conditions. At the same time, scraped copper's average corrosion rate has been increased by about 10% while the relative velocity is changed from 0 to 4 m/s. Micrographs have confirmed the extent of corrosion severity resulting from chemical composition and fluid velocity alterations.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"55 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140376718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.1424
Md. Fahim Faisal Chowdhury, Moupia Tajrin Oyshi, Mahbub Hasan
Hybrid fiber reinforcements can incorporate a wider array of qualities than single fiber reinforcement. Instead of synthetic fibers, applying plant and animal-based organic materials as reinforcement in polymer matrix offers certain benefits, such as low price, greater availability, and better biodegradability. In the present study, water hyacinth fiber and sheep wool fiber reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites were fabricated at three different (5, 10, and 15 wt.%) fiber loading. The effect of fiber loading on thermo-mechanical, structural, and biodegradability properties was subsequently investigated. The manufacturing process of the composite material was carried out with utmost consideration for biodegradability, since polypropylene, the primary constituent, is not inherently biodegradable. The insertion of fibers into the polypropylene matrix showed variance in properties of different aspects. The tensile strength of the composites displayed a downward trajectory (from 25 to 10 MPa) with a 15% increase in fiber loading due to voids, and fiber dispersion, while impact strength exhibited an opposite trend (from 25 to 32 J/m). Except for hardness, all the mechanical properties degraded slightly after the employment of the reinforcement. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis revealed the movement of typical peaks and the appearance of new peaks demonstrating the bonding between the fiber and the matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal degradation temperature of the composites improved at maximum fiber loading. On the other hand, the goal of achieving biodegradability has been succeeded by the implementation of a combination of plant and animal-based fibers as biodegradability of the manufactured composites thrives with increasing fiber content for the presence of cellulosic bonds, as evident from the FTIR spectrum. Even though some properties of the hybrid composite declined slightly with increasing fiber loading, the other characteristics, including service temperature and biodegradability experienced a prospective advancement. Hence, the 15% fiber-loaded composite was found to be a potential candidate in terms of slightly high temperature and environment-friendly applications.
{"title":"Thermo-Mechanical, Structural, and Biodegradability Properties of Water Hyacinth and Sheep Wool Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Polypropylene Composites","authors":"Md. Fahim Faisal Chowdhury, Moupia Tajrin Oyshi, Mahbub Hasan","doi":"10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.1424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.1424","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid fiber reinforcements can incorporate a wider array of qualities than single fiber reinforcement. Instead of synthetic fibers, applying plant and animal-based organic materials as reinforcement in polymer matrix offers certain benefits, such as low price, greater availability, and better biodegradability. In the present study, water hyacinth fiber and sheep wool fiber reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites were fabricated at three different (5, 10, and 15 wt.%) fiber loading. The effect of fiber loading on thermo-mechanical, structural, and biodegradability properties was subsequently investigated. The manufacturing process of the composite material was carried out with utmost consideration for biodegradability, since polypropylene, the primary constituent, is not inherently biodegradable. The insertion of fibers into the polypropylene matrix showed variance in properties of different aspects. The tensile strength of the composites displayed a downward trajectory (from 25 to 10 MPa) with a 15% increase in fiber loading due to voids, and fiber dispersion, while impact strength exhibited an opposite trend (from 25 to 32 J/m). Except for hardness, all the mechanical properties degraded slightly after the employment of the reinforcement. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis revealed the movement of typical peaks and the appearance of new peaks demonstrating the bonding between the fiber and the matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal degradation temperature of the composites improved at maximum fiber loading. On the other hand, the goal of achieving biodegradability has been succeeded by the implementation of a combination of plant and animal-based fibers as biodegradability of the manufactured composites thrives with increasing fiber content for the presence of cellulosic bonds, as evident from the FTIR spectrum. Even though some properties of the hybrid composite declined slightly with increasing fiber loading, the other characteristics, including service temperature and biodegradability experienced a prospective advancement. Hence, the 15% fiber-loaded composite was found to be a potential candidate in terms of slightly high temperature and environment-friendly applications.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"43 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140373738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.126135
Farhana Afroz, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Md. Abdul Gafur
Experimental research has investigated the mechanical characteristics and water absorption performance of polyethylene-based composites reinforced with sawdust, chicken feathers and groundnut shells. Composite samples have been produced with preset volumetric ratios (20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) at 160°C and 25 kN pressure. A compression molding machine was used to produce specimens of composite materials. The findings indicate that the composites exhibit promising mechanical properties, making them potentially suitable for various applications. However, the waste polyethylene sheet was tested for comparison. It displayed a tensile strength of 7.56 MPa, impact strength with an average energy absorption of 0.093 J, and hardness strength with an average energy value of 92.72 J. The water absorbency data showed minimal water absorption for composite samples, indicating their resistance to water penetration. Similarly, the thickness swelling data revealed no significant change in thickness after immersion, demonstrating dimensional stability in the presence of moisture. This article presents the details of these experiments conducted systematically.
{"title":"Synthesis of Hybrid Composites from Bio-Based Fillers: Chicken Feather, Groundnut Shell, Sawdust","authors":"Farhana Afroz, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Md. Abdul Gafur","doi":"10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.126135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.126135","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental research has investigated the mechanical characteristics and water absorption performance of polyethylene-based composites reinforced with sawdust, chicken feathers and groundnut shells. Composite samples have been produced with preset volumetric ratios (20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) at 160°C and 25 kN pressure. A compression molding machine was used to produce specimens of composite materials. The findings indicate that the composites exhibit promising mechanical properties, making them potentially suitable for various applications. However, the waste polyethylene sheet was tested for comparison. It displayed a tensile strength of 7.56 MPa, impact strength with an average energy absorption of 0.093 J, and hardness strength with an average energy value of 92.72 J. The water absorbency data showed minimal water absorption for composite samples, indicating their resistance to water penetration. Similarly, the thickness swelling data revealed no significant change in thickness after immersion, demonstrating dimensional stability in the presence of moisture. This article presents the details of these experiments conducted systematically.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140377407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.8297
Md Sayed Anwar, Md Ahatashamul Haque Khan Shuvo, Md Manirul Islam, Md Mehedi Hasan Ziad, Md Ariful Hasan
Single-lap joints are by far the most widely used adhesive joints and have been the subject of considerable research over the years. It is used in the automobile and aerospace industry where bolted or riveted joints are impossible. The joint strength in adhesively bonded joints depends on the adhesive and adherend properties and adherend geometry. In this paper, both the adhesive property and adherend geometry are considered. Two types of adhesives, i.e., SBT9244 (flexible) and DP460 (stiff), and three types of adherend geometry, Single Lap Joint (SLJ), One Step Lap Joint (OSLJ), and Three Step Lap Joint (TSLJ) are considered, and the effect of these are investigated by using a commercially available software Abaqus. The maximum peel stress occurs in a lap joint towards the edges of the joint and is minimum around the center region. The maximum peel stress is responsible for the failure of the joints, and the objective of this research was to reduce the peel stress, i.e., provide a more uniform stress distribution. Soft adhesive maximum peel stress and shear stress occur in [Type-I] 8.6 MPa and 6.4 MPa, respectively. Similarly, stiff adhesive maximum peel stress and shear stress occur in [Type-I] 37.14 MPa and 20.44 MPa, respectively. It is found from this investigation that if a relatively soft adhesive (SBT9244) is used in the joint, then the stress distribution reduces compared to a stiff adhesive (DP460). On the other hand, if steps are introduced in the bonded region, the stress distribution becomes more uniform and increases the bond strength.
{"title":"Effect of Adhesive Type on the Adhesively Bonded Stepped Joint: A Numerical Investigation","authors":"Md Sayed Anwar, Md Ahatashamul Haque Khan Shuvo, Md Manirul Islam, Md Mehedi Hasan Ziad, Md Ariful Hasan","doi":"10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.8297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.8297","url":null,"abstract":"Single-lap joints are by far the most widely used adhesive joints and have been the subject of considerable research over the years. It is used in the automobile and aerospace industry where bolted or riveted joints are impossible. The joint strength in adhesively bonded joints depends on the adhesive and adherend properties and adherend geometry. In this paper, both the adhesive property and adherend geometry are considered. Two types of adhesives, i.e., SBT9244 (flexible) and DP460 (stiff), and three types of adherend geometry, Single Lap Joint (SLJ), One Step Lap Joint (OSLJ), and Three Step Lap Joint (TSLJ) are considered, and the effect of these are investigated by using a commercially available software Abaqus. The maximum peel stress occurs in a lap joint towards the edges of the joint and is minimum around the center region. The maximum peel stress is responsible for the failure of the joints, and the objective of this research was to reduce the peel stress, i.e., provide a more uniform stress distribution. Soft adhesive maximum peel stress and shear stress occur in [Type-I] 8.6 MPa and 6.4 MPa, respectively. Similarly, stiff adhesive maximum peel stress and shear stress occur in [Type-I] 37.14 MPa and 20.44 MPa, respectively. It is found from this investigation that if a relatively soft adhesive (SBT9244) is used in the joint, then the stress distribution reduces compared to a stiff adhesive (DP460). On the other hand, if steps are introduced in the bonded region, the stress distribution becomes more uniform and increases the bond strength.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"24 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140375502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.3644
Pranto Karua, Md Arifuzzaman, Md Shariful Islam
Fiber reinforcement is one of the ways for the improvement of the mechanical properties of composite materials. Previously, it was seen that the fiber content in composites played a vital role in the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composites. Considering the benefits of natural fiber, in this work, jute fiber reinforced perlite/gypsum composites were manufactured with five different fiber contents ranging from 2.41 % to 4.82 %. The ratios of gypsum to perlite and gypsum to water were kept constant, and only fiber content was varied. The compression and flexural tests were conducted to investigate the effect of jute fiber content on the mechanical properties of jute fiber-reinforced perlite/gypsum composites. Results showed that both the compressive and flexural properties were improved up to certain jute fiber content. The compressive strength, modulus, and energy absorption of the jute fiber-reinforced composite were found to be the maximum at 3.01 % fiber content. The compressive strength of the composite with 3.01 % jute fiber content was 35.23 % higher than the composite with 2.41 % fiber content. The flexural strength, modulus, and energy absorption were maximum at 3.61 % jute fiber content. This study demonstrated that the addition of jute fiber to perlite/gypsum composites results in improved mechanical properties up to a certain percentage of jute fiber, beyond which the properties deteriorate.
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Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.112125
Haydar Zaman
The effects of chemical treatment and vetiveria zizanioides (vetiver) loading on the physicomechanical, morphological, and weather tests of the vetiver fiber (VF)-filled polypropylene (PP) composites were investigated. Raw VF was chemically treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and SDS-pretreated benzoyl chloride to increase its compatibility with the PP matrix. The mechanical properties of the PP/VF composites, including tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength, hardness, and water absorption, were increased by raising the fiber content to the optimum level of 30 wt%. The resultant composites' mechanical characteristics and water desorption were improved by adding SDS and SDS-pretreated benzoyl chloride for the VF. PP/VF composites containing benzoyl chloride after SDS pretreatment show better mechanical performance when compared to untreated and SDS-treated fiber composites. SEM studies showed that the treatment of the fibers enhanced the interfacial interaction between PP and VF, verifying the mechanical properties of the composites. Water absorption tests revealed that SDS-pretreated benzoyl chloride composites absorbed less water than untreated counterparts and even SDS-treated composites. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-pretreated benzoyl chloride composites exhibited less loss in tensile strength and tensile modulus during weather testing than sodium dodecyl sulfate-treated and untreated composites.
{"title":"The Physicomechanical and Interfacial Properties of the Vetiveria Zizanioides Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites","authors":"Haydar Zaman","doi":"10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.112125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.13.1.112125","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of chemical treatment and vetiveria zizanioides (vetiver) loading on the physicomechanical, morphological, and weather tests of the vetiver fiber (VF)-filled polypropylene (PP) composites were investigated. Raw VF was chemically treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and SDS-pretreated benzoyl chloride to increase its compatibility with the PP matrix. The mechanical properties of the PP/VF composites, including tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength, hardness, and water absorption, were increased by raising the fiber content to the optimum level of 30 wt%. The resultant composites' mechanical characteristics and water desorption were improved by adding SDS and SDS-pretreated benzoyl chloride for the VF. PP/VF composites containing benzoyl chloride after SDS pretreatment show better mechanical performance when compared to untreated and SDS-treated fiber composites. SEM studies showed that the treatment of the fibers enhanced the interfacial interaction between PP and VF, verifying the mechanical properties of the composites. Water absorption tests revealed that SDS-pretreated benzoyl chloride composites absorbed less water than untreated counterparts and even SDS-treated composites. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-pretreated benzoyl chloride composites exhibited less loss in tensile strength and tensile modulus during weather testing than sodium dodecyl sulfate-treated and untreated composites.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"57 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140376525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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