J. Razak, NorAisah Khalid, H. Hasib, M. A. Mahamood, MohdMuzafar Ismail, N. Mohamad, P. Puspitasari, M. H. Flaifel
This study was conducted to investigate the potential of utilizing conductive polymer nanocomposite for flexible type antenna application. The polyaniline (PANI) filled with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) nanocomposites were synthesized by an oxidative aniline polymerization in an acidic medium. The PANI/GNPs nanocomposites were then characterized by using various spectroscopy and imaging tools. It was found that the strong interaction between PANI macromolecules and GNPs flakes is caused by the strong ?-? conjugation between them, as validated by an increase of Id/Ig ratio of PANI/GNPs nanocomposites. As a result, it established a three-fold improvement for the electrical conductivity of PANI/GNPs nanocomposites, due to the larger amount of charge carrier transport at higher GNPs nanofiller loadings (1.00 wt.%). Later, the PANI/GNPs nanocomposites powder was applied to the cotton fabric by integrating it with a rubber paint slurry. Electrical conductivity, antenna gain, return loss, and radiation pattern of the antenna were reported. It was found that PANI/GNPs flexible textile antenna possessed a constant gain of 4.1809 dB, return loss at -13.154 dB, and radiation pattern which operated at 10.36 GHz for 100% improvement of electrical conductivity, in comparison with unfilled PANI. From these findings, it can be said that the development of wearable textile antenna utilizing PANI/GNPs nanocomposites on the cotton fabric as flexible radiation patch, has great potential for wireless communication purposes.
{"title":"Electrical Conductivity and Antenna Properties of Polyaniline filled GNPs Nanocomposites","authors":"J. Razak, NorAisah Khalid, H. Hasib, M. A. Mahamood, MohdMuzafar Ismail, N. Mohamad, P. Puspitasari, M. H. Flaifel","doi":"10.37934/MJCSM.4.1.1127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/MJCSM.4.1.1127","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to investigate the potential of utilizing conductive polymer nanocomposite for flexible type antenna application. The polyaniline (PANI) filled with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) nanocomposites were synthesized by an oxidative aniline polymerization in an acidic medium. The PANI/GNPs nanocomposites were then characterized by using various spectroscopy and imaging tools. It was found that the strong interaction between PANI macromolecules and GNPs flakes is caused by the strong ?-? conjugation between them, as validated by an increase of Id/Ig ratio of PANI/GNPs nanocomposites. As a result, it established a three-fold improvement for the electrical conductivity of PANI/GNPs nanocomposites, due to the larger amount of charge carrier transport at higher GNPs nanofiller loadings (1.00 wt.%). Later, the PANI/GNPs nanocomposites powder was applied to the cotton fabric by integrating it with a rubber paint slurry. Electrical conductivity, antenna gain, return loss, and radiation pattern of the antenna were reported. It was found that PANI/GNPs flexible textile antenna possessed a constant gain of 4.1809 dB, return loss at -13.154 dB, and radiation pattern which operated at 10.36 GHz for 100% improvement of electrical conductivity, in comparison with unfilled PANI. From these findings, it can be said that the development of wearable textile antenna utilizing PANI/GNPs nanocomposites on the cotton fabric as flexible radiation patch, has great potential for wireless communication purposes.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124198643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohd Amran Md Ali, Wan Nur Azrina, N. Idayu, Z. Abdullah, M. S. Aziz, S. Subramoniam, N. Anuar, M. H. A. Bakar
This study focuses on the analysis of fill time by optimizing the injection molding parameters to reduce the defects that are always found on the plastics part such as poor weld line and part not completely filling which can contribute to mechanical properties of the plastic part. The parameters selected for this study are melting temperature, mold temperature, injection time, and the number of gate positions. Response Surface Method (RSM) was used to determine the most significant and optimum parameters on the fill time. From the result analysis, it is found that the injection time is the most significant parameter that affected the fill time with a 99% contribution. The result shows that there is no interaction between process parameters toward fill time which the injection time is the only major factor that affects the fill time. The improvement increases by 0.07% after the optimization process from 4.278s to 4.281s. The most optimum parameters to longer the injection time are mold temperature at 60°C, injection time at 4s, and the number of the gate with two gates position. Thus, the longer the injection time, it can reduce the defect of molded part in the injection molding process.
{"title":"Fill Time Optimization Analysis In Flow Simulation Of Injection Molding Using Response Surface Method","authors":"Mohd Amran Md Ali, Wan Nur Azrina, N. Idayu, Z. Abdullah, M. S. Aziz, S. Subramoniam, N. Anuar, M. H. A. Bakar","doi":"10.37934/MJCSM.4.1.2839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/MJCSM.4.1.2839","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the analysis of fill time by optimizing the injection molding parameters to reduce the defects that are always found on the plastics part such as poor weld line and part not completely filling which can contribute to mechanical properties of the plastic part. The parameters selected for this study are melting temperature, mold temperature, injection time, and the number of gate positions. Response Surface Method (RSM) was used to determine the most significant and optimum parameters on the fill time. From the result analysis, it is found that the injection time is the most significant parameter that affected the fill time with a 99% contribution. The result shows that there is no interaction between process parameters toward fill time which the injection time is the only major factor that affects the fill time. The improvement increases by 0.07% after the optimization process from 4.278s to 4.281s. The most optimum parameters to longer the injection time are mold temperature at 60°C, injection time at 4s, and the number of the gate with two gates position. Thus, the longer the injection time, it can reduce the defect of molded part in the injection molding process.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"516 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123085209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. R. Kamat, F. Hassan, W. Mahmood, M. Ani, Suliswiyadi
This study aims to identify the critical factor influencing the project as regards successful aircraft maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) in the aviation industry. Furthermore, this research also aims to investigate whether regulation of project changes plays a role in moderating the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variables described in this research. Through the literature review process, it was found that top management support, stakeholders, key factors competency, acceptance, risk management, project plan monitoring, and effective communication are among the critical factors identified. Referring to a completed project, this research showed that project progress was in two dimensions in a maintenance context, which this research classifies as a successful micro and macro project. The macro viewpoints of project success mean the organizational stage of the project must be recognized and accomplishment relies on the consumer or collaborators to share. The micro perspective of project success can help to manage a project in small levels and is normally alluded to at the finishing line of the project. The summary result for the 4 hypotheses tested, all of them were significant. The result obtained clearly expressed all of the dependent variables have positive influences on project success in MRO aircraft in the Malaysian aviation industry. This research also demonstrates through trial and error that project key factors’ competency and project mission are critical factors in influencing the micro-project success and as well for macro project success, top management support and project mission are two main critical factors.
{"title":"Critical Factors Influencing Project on Effective Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) in Aircraft Aviation Industry","authors":"S. R. Kamat, F. Hassan, W. Mahmood, M. Ani, Suliswiyadi","doi":"10.37934/MJCSM.4.1.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/MJCSM.4.1.110","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to identify the critical factor influencing the project as regards successful aircraft maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) in the aviation industry. Furthermore, this research also aims to investigate whether regulation of project changes plays a role in moderating the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variables described in this research. Through the literature review process, it was found that top management support, stakeholders, key factors competency, acceptance, risk management, project plan monitoring, and effective communication are among the critical factors identified. Referring to a completed project, this research showed that project progress was in two dimensions in a maintenance context, which this research classifies as a successful micro and macro project. The macro viewpoints of project success mean the organizational stage of the project must be recognized and accomplishment relies on the consumer or collaborators to share. The micro perspective of project success can help to manage a project in small levels and is normally alluded to at the finishing line of the project. The summary result for the 4 hypotheses tested, all of them were significant. The result obtained clearly expressed all of the dependent variables have positive influences on project success in MRO aircraft in the Malaysian aviation industry. This research also demonstrates through trial and error that project key factors’ competency and project mission are critical factors in influencing the micro-project success and as well for macro project success, top management support and project mission are two main critical factors.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129546421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. S. Salleh, H. Hashim, M. Z. Omar, A. Sulong, S. A. Rahman, Saifudin Hafiz Yahaya, M. Rashid, S. Al-Zubaidi
Aluminium alloy of LM4 is abundantly utilized in automotive and aerospace industries because of its good fluidity, high mechanical strength, good wear resistance and low density. T6 heat treatment as part of its forming process will enhanced further these properties. However, the total time required for T6 is very long and often delay the overall production cycle time. Furthermore, thixoforming of semi-solid processing method , which promises a near-net-shape and further enhanced performance of the end products. One of the major concerns is an additional cost in billet feedstock production that slows down the application in industries. Therefore, this paper aim is to optimize the T6 heat treatment on the thixoformed LM4 alloy using response surface methodology (RSM) of Design Expert software. Thus, a simple cooling slope casting to produce the feedstock for thixoforming of near globular and fine α-Al microstructure is being applied.Cooling slope parameters at pouring temperature of 660 °C; slope length of 440 mm and tilt angle of 45 °. As results, small globular grain size of 35.709 µ and shape factor of 0.89 are obtained. Moreover, based on the RSM responses, the optimum parameters of T6 heat treatment; solution treatment at 530 °C for 30 minutes and 2 hours of ageing at 180 °C. The overall strength of LM4 improved significantly with ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 252.3 MPa, 98.9 HV surface hardness and coefficient of friction (CoF) of 0.4299, respectively.
{"title":"T6 Heat Treatment Optimization of Thixoformed LM4 Aluminium Alloy using Response Surface Methodology","authors":"M. S. Salleh, H. Hashim, M. Z. Omar, A. Sulong, S. A. Rahman, Saifudin Hafiz Yahaya, M. Rashid, S. Al-Zubaidi","doi":"10.37934/MJCSM.3.1.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/MJCSM.3.1.113","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminium alloy of LM4 is abundantly utilized in automotive and aerospace industries because of its good fluidity, high mechanical strength, good wear resistance and low density. T6 heat treatment as part of its forming process will enhanced further these properties. However, the total time required for T6 is very long and often delay the overall production cycle time. Furthermore, thixoforming of semi-solid processing method , which promises a near-net-shape and further enhanced performance of the end products. One of the major concerns is an additional cost in billet feedstock production that slows down the application in industries. Therefore, this paper aim is to optimize the T6 heat treatment on the thixoformed LM4 alloy using response surface methodology (RSM) of Design Expert software. Thus, a simple cooling slope casting to produce the feedstock for thixoforming of near globular and fine α-Al microstructure is being applied.Cooling slope parameters at pouring temperature of 660 °C; slope length of 440 mm and tilt angle of 45 °. As results, small globular grain size of 35.709 µ and shape factor of 0.89 are obtained. Moreover, based on the RSM responses, the optimum parameters of T6 heat treatment; solution treatment at 530 °C for 30 minutes and 2 hours of ageing at 180 °C. The overall strength of LM4 improved significantly with ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 252.3 MPa, 98.9 HV surface hardness and coefficient of friction (CoF) of 0.4299, respectively.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115004339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. E. A. Maulod, N. Mohamad, J. Razak, Ahmad Aqlan Mohd Rosedi, A. Andriyana, Nurzallia Mohd Saad, M. H. Flaifel
This study seeks to address the effect of waste coal ash collected from burnt charcoal after human recreational activities to the chloroprene rubber’s dynamic property specifically in cyclic load. Waste coal ash was chosen due to their availability, low cost, and recyclability. The waste coal ash was incorporated into chloroprene rubber via melt compounding process using an internal mixer. The compounding formulation of the chloroprene rubber compound and coal ash were based on 100 phr of the chloroprene rubber. The loading of waste coal ash were varied at 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 phr. Waste coal ash exhibits the highest reinforcing property at 40 phr loading. The fatigue test was done to determine the peak stress value and stress softening effect and found that at 5 – 30 phr waste coal ash had a detrimental effect on CR compound while at 40phr, the rubber compound exhibit positive result with an increase of 30% of the peak stress. Morphological study using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed degrees of agglomeration of the waste coal ash in the chloroprene rubber matrices. The dispersion of waste coal ash agglomerates and morphology of failures were in good agreement with the observed dynamic properties.
{"title":"Effect of Different Waste Coal Ash (WCA) Loading to Dynamic Load Application of Chloroprene Rubber","authors":"H. E. A. Maulod, N. Mohamad, J. Razak, Ahmad Aqlan Mohd Rosedi, A. Andriyana, Nurzallia Mohd Saad, M. H. Flaifel","doi":"10.37934/MJCSM.3.1.2737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/MJCSM.3.1.2737","url":null,"abstract":"This study seeks to address the effect of waste coal ash collected from burnt charcoal after human recreational activities to the chloroprene rubber’s dynamic property specifically in cyclic load. Waste coal ash was chosen due to their availability, low cost, and recyclability. The waste coal ash was incorporated into chloroprene rubber via melt compounding process using an internal mixer. The compounding formulation of the chloroprene rubber compound and coal ash were based on 100 phr of the chloroprene rubber. The loading of waste coal ash were varied at 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 phr. Waste coal ash exhibits the highest reinforcing property at 40 phr loading. The fatigue test was done to determine the peak stress value and stress softening effect and found that at 5 – 30 phr waste coal ash had a detrimental effect on CR compound while at 40phr, the rubber compound exhibit positive result with an increase of 30% of the peak stress. Morphological study using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed degrees of agglomeration of the waste coal ash in the chloroprene rubber matrices. The dispersion of waste coal ash agglomerates and morphology of failures were in good agreement with the observed dynamic properties.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127508517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Abid, M. Radzi, M. Mupit, H. Osman, R. F. Munawar, K. F. Samat, M. Suan, Kazuki Isomura, M. R. Islam
Supercapacitor is an energy device that is applicable in numerous fields because of its excellent reversibility, long life and high power density. Nevertheless, its universal use is restricted by the reduced energy storage capacity and its high crossed series compared to batteries. Even with the relatively high-level output and extensive use of supercapacitor, there is still substantial doubt and ambiguity as to their efficiency in general, especially when it is compared to lithium-ion batteries. The inconsistencies are attributable both to the lack of standardization of the test methods and to the certainty of the strength capacity of the supercapacitor after their resistance has been identified. Therefore, in this work, graphene oxide (GO) and polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite supercapacitor electrode was fabricated and the performance was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge analyses. GO was synthesized using improve Hummers method and PANI using oxidative polymerization chemical synthesis. Three different electrode’s compositions were prepared using PANI/GO nanocomposite and labelled as PGO30, PGO50 and PGO70. This article will conclude the electrochemical performance of the electrode. From the results, it was found that PGO50 electrode (50% PANI/50% GO) has the best calculated capacitance with 19.71 F/g compared to the other composite electrodes. This may be attributed from the good electrical conductivity distribution of PANI and graphene oxide. The findings of the work may significantly drive the future of supercapacitor electrode from nanocomposite related materials.
{"title":"Cyclic Voltammetry and Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge Analyses of Polyaniline/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite based Supercapacitor","authors":"M. Abid, M. Radzi, M. Mupit, H. Osman, R. F. Munawar, K. F. Samat, M. Suan, Kazuki Isomura, M. R. Islam","doi":"10.37934/MJCSM.3.1.1426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/MJCSM.3.1.1426","url":null,"abstract":"Supercapacitor is an energy device that is applicable in numerous fields because of its excellent reversibility, long life and high power density. Nevertheless, its universal use is restricted by the reduced energy storage capacity and its high crossed series compared to batteries. Even with the relatively high-level output and extensive use of supercapacitor, there is still substantial doubt and ambiguity as to their efficiency in general, especially when it is compared to lithium-ion batteries. The inconsistencies are attributable both to the lack of standardization of the test methods and to the certainty of the strength capacity of the supercapacitor after their resistance has been identified. Therefore, in this work, graphene oxide (GO) and polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite supercapacitor electrode was fabricated and the performance was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge analyses. GO was synthesized using improve Hummers method and PANI using oxidative polymerization chemical synthesis. Three different electrode’s compositions were prepared using PANI/GO nanocomposite and labelled as PGO30, PGO50 and PGO70. This article will conclude the electrochemical performance of the electrode. From the results, it was found that PGO50 electrode (50% PANI/50% GO) has the best calculated capacitance with 19.71 F/g compared to the other composite electrodes. This may be attributed from the good electrical conductivity distribution of PANI and graphene oxide. The findings of the work may significantly drive the future of supercapacitor electrode from nanocomposite related materials.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130789415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Karim, N. Mohamad, L. Lin, H. E. A. Maulod, J. Razak, M. Hasan, Q. Ahsan
INFO 2020 Nowadays, NR/EPDM have drawn great attention to most researchers to be utilized in an engine mounting. In service, majority of structures and components are subjected to service condition such as heat, liquids and stress of dynamic loading. This research is an effort to compare the thermal effects on physical and mechanical properties of NR/EPDM blend and NR/EPDM filled graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) for the potential usage in the engine mounting. The blends and nanocomposites were prepared through a melt compounding using a Banbury Internal Mixer, exposed to thermal cycles and tensile tested. The materials were heated alternately for 10 minutes at 60 ℃ and 120 ℃ for 0, 35, 70 and 150 cycles. Thermally aged NR/EPDM nanocomposites showed higher performance under tensile stress if compared to NR/EPDM blend. The tensile strength and elastic modulus were consistently 40% higher than the strength of the blend. This is due to the reinforcing effects of GNPs and their good interaction with the matrix. The reduction of tensile properties was due to the embrittlement effect and in line with the increase in amorphous phases from the broadening of XRD spectra. This has proven that the NR/EPDM nanocomposites can withstand thermal cycles, oils and fluctuating stress better than NR/EPDM blend and exhibited higher potential to be utilized as the engine mount
{"title":"Tensile Properties Degradation of Thermally Aged NR/EPDM Blend and Nanocomposites for Engine Mounting","authors":"K. Karim, N. Mohamad, L. Lin, H. E. A. Maulod, J. Razak, M. Hasan, Q. Ahsan","doi":"10.37934/mjcsm.2.1.2130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.2.1.2130","url":null,"abstract":"INFO 2020 Nowadays, NR/EPDM have drawn great attention to most researchers to be utilized in an engine mounting. In service, majority of structures and components are subjected to service condition such as heat, liquids and stress of dynamic loading. This research is an effort to compare the thermal effects on physical and mechanical properties of NR/EPDM blend and NR/EPDM filled graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) for the potential usage in the engine mounting. The blends and nanocomposites were prepared through a melt compounding using a Banbury Internal Mixer, exposed to thermal cycles and tensile tested. The materials were heated alternately for 10 minutes at 60 ℃ and 120 ℃ for 0, 35, 70 and 150 cycles. Thermally aged NR/EPDM nanocomposites showed higher performance under tensile stress if compared to NR/EPDM blend. The tensile strength and elastic modulus were consistently 40% higher than the strength of the blend. This is due to the reinforcing effects of GNPs and their good interaction with the matrix. The reduction of tensile properties was due to the embrittlement effect and in line with the increase in amorphous phases from the broadening of XRD spectra. This has proven that the NR/EPDM nanocomposites can withstand thermal cycles, oils and fluctuating stress better than NR/EPDM blend and exhibited higher potential to be utilized as the engine mount","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116587104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Q. Ahsan, Wo Angeline, Lindong Qi, Z. Mustafa, N. Mohamad
This project focuses on the fibrillation of cellulose nano fiber (CNF) derived from spent tea leave (STL) and the characterization of the extracted fibers. The new extraction technique was aiming to realize the synergistic effects of chemical treatment and mechanical fibrillation process parameters (blending speed and time) for yielding of CNF from STL. STL underwent chemical (NaOH and HCL) pretreatment to degrade the intermolecular bonding between cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin followed by fibrillation at various blending speed and time to isolate the CNF contents mechanically. Vacuum filtering was utilized to filter the fibrillated fibers. The fibrillation effects on the extracted fibers were characterized and analysed by using FTIR, optical and scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that the average diameter of fibrillated fibers were decreased with the concurrent increase of blending speed and time. It was found that blending time and speed in mechanical fibrillation have substantial effect on yielding of nanofibers. Fine STL fibers blended at speed and time of 23500 rpm and 10 min provide the smallest CNF diameter (within the range of 20 to 40 nm) along with better fibrillated yield of 15.22% than coarse STL fiber.
{"title":"Characterization of Chemomechanical Treated New Fibrillated Cellulosic Nano Fiber from Spent Tea Leaf","authors":"Q. Ahsan, Wo Angeline, Lindong Qi, Z. Mustafa, N. Mohamad","doi":"10.37934/mjcsm.2.1.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.2.1.111","url":null,"abstract":"This project focuses on the fibrillation of cellulose nano fiber (CNF) derived from spent tea leave (STL) and the characterization of the extracted fibers. The new extraction technique was aiming to realize the synergistic effects of chemical treatment and mechanical fibrillation process parameters (blending speed and time) for yielding of CNF from STL. STL underwent chemical (NaOH and HCL) pretreatment to degrade the intermolecular bonding between cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin followed by fibrillation at various blending speed and time to isolate the CNF contents mechanically. Vacuum filtering was utilized to filter the fibrillated fibers. The fibrillation effects on the extracted fibers were characterized and analysed by using FTIR, optical and scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that the average diameter of fibrillated fibers were decreased with the concurrent increase of blending speed and time. It was found that blending time and speed in mechanical fibrillation have substantial effect on yielding of nanofibers. Fine STL fibers blended at speed and time of 23500 rpm and 10 min provide the smallest CNF diameter (within the range of 20 to 40 nm) along with better fibrillated yield of 15.22% than coarse STL fiber.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"476 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123032820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Laman, M. N. Maslan, Mahasan Mat Ali, L. Abdullah, Ruzaidi Zamri, Mohd Syafiq Syed Mohamed, M. Zainon, M. S. Noorazizi, A. Sudianto
In this generation, industrial robotic arm has been widely used in fields separated from the human society. It is limited because it is not possible to manipulate and interact with people. To depict robotics technology with human-machine interaction and wireless communication, interactivity is possible in real time with virtual objects that makes some other technology needs to be developed which maximizes robot use to assist people with their work in an efficient way. The main objective of this project is to develop and design an interface of Internet of Things controller for robotic arm. The main purpose of making this interface is to remotely control the robotic arm using internet facilities. The robotic arm has four servo motor where all servo motor are assigned with single pulse width modulation which can be control separately. Furthermore, the NodeMCU board was used to receive signal from the Blynk app that authorizes monitoring and controlling the movement of the robotic arm to perform pick and place operations. Meanwhile, the results of this study are verified through manual test implementation. Two type of manual test were done for this project that is pick and place application and time delay to send the data. The pick and place operation of the robotic arm was observed to see whether the robotic arm capable to conduct the instruction precisely to move within their desired angular displacement degree. The time delay to send the data shows that the respond at each of the servo motor to move 180 degrees with no load was influenced by the Wi-Fi signal strength at particular places. Hence, this prototype of the robotic arm showed that the operational to control the robotic arm to perform pick and place application using internet facilities was successful.
{"title":"Design of an Internet of Things Based Electromagnetic Robotic Arm for Pick and Place Applications","authors":"E. Laman, M. N. Maslan, Mahasan Mat Ali, L. Abdullah, Ruzaidi Zamri, Mohd Syafiq Syed Mohamed, M. Zainon, M. S. Noorazizi, A. Sudianto","doi":"10.37934/mjcsm.2.1.1220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.2.1.1220","url":null,"abstract":"In this generation, industrial robotic arm has been widely used in fields separated from the human society. It is limited because it is not possible to manipulate and interact with people. To depict robotics technology with human-machine interaction and wireless communication, interactivity is possible in real time with virtual objects that makes some other technology needs to be developed which maximizes robot use to assist people with their work in an efficient way. The main objective of this project is to develop and design an interface of Internet of Things controller for robotic arm. The main purpose of making this interface is to remotely control the robotic arm using internet facilities. The robotic arm has four servo motor where all servo motor are assigned with single pulse width modulation which can be control separately. Furthermore, the NodeMCU board was used to receive signal from the Blynk app that authorizes monitoring and controlling the movement of the robotic arm to perform pick and place operations. Meanwhile, the results of this study are verified through manual test implementation. Two type of manual test were done for this project that is pick and place application and time delay to send the data. The pick and place operation of the robotic arm was observed to see whether the robotic arm capable to conduct the instruction precisely to move within their desired angular displacement degree. The time delay to send the data shows that the respond at each of the servo motor to move 180 degrees with no load was influenced by the Wi-Fi signal strength at particular places. Hence, this prototype of the robotic arm showed that the operational to control the robotic arm to perform pick and place application using internet facilities was successful.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125023225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Hashim, M. S. Salleh, M. Z. Omar, Saifudin Hafiz Yahaya, N. Mohamad
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) as reinforced particles in aluminium matrix composites have been an interesting exploration in recent years. Some research combined CNT with ceramic materials as dual reinforcements in the aluminium matrix to enhance further the mechanical strength of the composite. However, the effects of some fabrication processes on the tube structural integrity of CNT are rather limited. This study is to determine the effects of single and dual reinforcements in Al5Si alloy on the mechanical properties of the composites. The reinforcement particles were pre-distributed by using a ball milling process through powder metallurgy. The mixed was green compacted into a pallet form before injected into a molten Al5Si alloy matrix. The molten composite was stirred before pouring into a permanent mould via a cooling slope. Next, the cast billet was subjected to thixoforming and T6 heat treatment processes. According to the comparison results of the pre-distributed reinforcements, the integrity of CNT structure in dual reinforcements was destroyed due to excessive milling from Al2O3 particles. There was no significant change of microstructures evolution and grain sizes of both composites after the thixoforming and T6 heat treatment. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture of single reinforcement obtained were 316 MPa, 347 MPa, and 13.3%, respectively and much superior than the dual reinforcements. These results show that maintaining the tube structure of CNT is very critical for mechanical strength enhancement through load transfer mechanism of the CNT-Al5Si alloy composite.
{"title":"Mechanical Properties of Thixoformed Al-5Si Alloy Composite Reinforced by Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Alumina Powder","authors":"H. Hashim, M. S. Salleh, M. Z. Omar, Saifudin Hafiz Yahaya, N. Mohamad","doi":"10.37934/mjcsm.1.1.3844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.1.1.3844","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon nanotubes (CNT) as reinforced particles in aluminium matrix composites have been an interesting exploration in recent years. Some research combined CNT with ceramic materials as dual reinforcements in the aluminium matrix to enhance further the mechanical strength of the composite. However, the effects of some fabrication processes on the tube structural integrity of CNT are rather limited. This study is to determine the effects of single and dual reinforcements in Al5Si alloy on the mechanical properties of the composites. The reinforcement particles were pre-distributed by using a ball milling process through powder metallurgy. The mixed was green compacted into a pallet form before injected into a molten Al5Si alloy matrix. The molten composite was stirred before pouring into a permanent mould via a cooling slope. Next, the cast billet was subjected to thixoforming and T6 heat treatment processes. According to the comparison results of the pre-distributed reinforcements, the integrity of CNT structure in dual reinforcements was destroyed due to excessive milling from Al2O3 particles. There was no significant change of microstructures evolution and grain sizes of both composites after the thixoforming and T6 heat treatment. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture of single reinforcement obtained were 316 MPa, 347 MPa, and 13.3%, respectively and much superior than the dual reinforcements. These results show that maintaining the tube structure of CNT is very critical for mechanical strength enhancement through load transfer mechanism of the CNT-Al5Si alloy composite.","PeriodicalId":419270,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130103446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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