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Centring the subaltern: Interpreting mainstream media messages in a fractured country 以下级为中心:解读一个分裂国家的主流媒体信息
IF 0.2 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-12-17 DOI: 10.18820/24150525/COMM.V23.9
Mvuzo Ponono
This article reports on a study that examined the interpretation of mainstream media messages by young people living in Joza, Grahamstown, South Africa. The investigation was prompted by the failure of mainstream media to predict the ANC retaining its electoral dominance in the 2014 national general elections. Instead of falling to the margins as anticipated, the ANC, in areas such as Joza, outstripped its previous share of the vote. The study asked why people living in the township had diverged so drastically from mainstream media predictions. As a theoretical departure point, the study considered that the variation of a black South African township voice is missed by mainstream media because of the sector’s subscription to the idea of a unitary public, which conceals the multiplicity of publics in a fractured country. Through a combination of interviews and participant observation, one of the major findings is that young people in the township of Joza demonstrated that they chose to ignore the messages about the corruption of the ANC. The data suggests that they did so not because of overt racial solidarity, but due to the fact that in a context of high inequality and continued limitations on economic emancipation, the party shone brightly as a vehicle for economic development.
这篇文章报道了一项研究,该研究考察了生活在南非Grahamstown Joza的年轻人对主流媒体信息的解读。这项调查是由于主流媒体未能预测非国大在2014年全国大选中保持其选举主导地位。非国大在Joza等地区的得票率没有像预期的那样下降到边缘,反而超过了之前的得票率。该研究询问了为什么居住在该镇的人们与主流媒体的预测大相径庭。作为一个理论出发点,该研究认为,主流媒体忽视了南非黑人乡镇声音的变化,因为该部门认同单一公众的理念,这掩盖了一个分裂国家公众的多样性。通过采访和参与者观察相结合,主要发现之一是,Joza镇的年轻人表明,他们选择忽视有关非国大腐败的信息。数据表明,他们这样做并不是因为公开的种族团结,而是因为在高度不平等和经济解放持续受限的背景下,该党作为经济发展的工具大放异彩。
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引用次数: 0
Perceived benefits and challenges regarding the use of social media for public relations activities 在使用社交媒体进行公共关系活动方面所感受到的好处和挑战
IF 0.2 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-12-17 DOI: 10.18820/24150525/COMM.V23.3
Millicent Mavimbela, D. Conradie, Hb Dondolo
Social media holds important implications for the public relations profession. Researchers have identified many benefits that could be reaped when social media is used by organisations for public relations activities. However, there also are many challenges. According to Phillips’ model of digital communication tools there are four variables associated with the benefits and challenges of using social media. This study investigated, by means of an online questionnaire survey, the perceptions of a randomly drawn sample of Gauteng-based public relations practitioners regarding such challenges and benefits. The results revealed that Twitter and Facebook are the most preferred social media for engaging with stakeholders. Further, it was found that when social media is used for purposes of public relations actions, public relations practitioners tend to perceive the possible social media benefits associated with the four variables to be more salient (or at least equally salient) than the possible social media challenges associated with the variables of this model.
社交媒体对公关行业具有重要意义。研究人员发现,当组织将社交媒体用于公共关系活动时,可以获得许多好处。然而,也存在许多挑战。根据菲利普斯的数字通信工具模型,有四个变量与使用社交媒体的好处和挑战有关。本研究通过在线问卷调查的方式,调查了豪登省公共关系从业者对这些挑战和好处的看法。结果显示,推特和脸书是与利益相关者互动的最受欢迎的社交媒体。此外,研究发现,当社交媒体用于公共关系行动时,公共关系从业者倾向于认为与这四个变量相关的可能社交媒体利益比与该模型的变量相关的潜在社交媒体挑战更显著(或至少同等显著)。
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引用次数: 0
What are the implications of celebrities 'behaving badly' online? 名人在网上“行为不端”意味着什么?
IF 0.2 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-12-17 DOI: 10.18820/24150525/COMM.V23.13
Longina Strumska-Cylwik, B. Olivier
With a specific online article as point of departure, this article1 investigates the phenomenon of “bad behaviour” on the part of socalled “celebrities” online. It focuses on the article in question to be able to show what is at stake, namely, the fact that ordinary people are affected by celebrities’ online actions, specifically in the form of either confusion regarding their own behaviour, or by imitating the actions concerned. This is followed by raising questions regarding online behaviour and “normalisation” and exploring these through the work of relevant authors such as Goffman (2006), Maisonneuve (1995), Huizinga (2007) and others, with a view to make sense of the fact that even supposedly shocking behaviour on the part of celebrities seems to be judged in terms of different criteria compared to everyday actions on the part of ordinary people. The role of advanced electronic technology in affecting people’s behaviour is also noted, before turning to Plato and (particularly) Aristotle’s notion of mimesis (imitation) to be able to understand what might be termed the “celebrity effect”. The related question of identification with the images of celebrities is also briefly examined before concluding with a reference to Boorstin’s (1992) famous account of a “celebrity”.
以一篇特定的网络文章为出发点,本文1调查了所谓的“名人”网络的“不良行为”现象。它将重点放在有问题的文章上,以表明利害关系,即普通人受到名人网络行为的影响,特别是对自己行为的困惑,或模仿相关行为。随后,提出了关于网络行为和“正常化”的问题,并通过相关作者的工作进行了探索,如Goffman(2006)、Maisonneuve(1995)、Huizinga(2007)和其他人,为了理解这样一个事实,即与普通人的日常行为相比,即使是名人的所谓令人震惊的行为,似乎也是根据不同的标准来评判的。先进的电子技术在影响人们行为方面的作用也被注意到,然后转向柏拉图和(特别是)亚里士多德的模仿(模仿)概念,以便能够理解什么可以被称为“名人效应”。在参考Boorstin(1992)对“名人”的著名描述得出结论之前,还简要研究了与名人形象相一致的相关问题。
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引用次数: 1
Perception is the fairest of them all: Online fan perception of Once Upon A Time's Evil Queen 感知是最公平的:在线粉丝对童话镇邪恶女王的看法
IF 0.2 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-12-17 DOI: 10.18820/24150525/comm.v23.14
Natalie le Clue, Janelle Vermaak
In the Brothers Grimm 1812 folklore version of the Snow White story, the Evil Queen is the main antagonist in the narrative. However, over time, as methods of storytelling have advanced, the Evil Queen has undergone numerous transformations in the manner in which she is portrayed and the medium through which her story is presented. Several scholars have undertaken the study of these changing narrative portrayals, from folklore to fairy tale, of which Zipes (1981; 2006) is arguably the most prominent. This article investigates how the Evil Queen’s character evolution and transformation has altered fan perception. Jenkins’ theory of participatory culture serves as the theoretical basis for this analysis. Several online sources, including the Once Upon A Time Fan Blog, and the Spoiler TV Plus page on spoilertv.com, have been selected for analysis, as these provide a satisfactory sample of fans’ perception across a varied spectrum of opinion. At the hand of six themes ranging from “dislike” to “acceptance”, the article argues that the developing discourse and narrative of the character as depicted in the Once upon a time television series (2011) played a role in the evolution of fans’ perception of the character of the Evil Queen.
在格林兄弟1812年的民间传说版本的白雪公主故事中,邪恶女王是叙事中的主要对手。然而,随着时间的推移,随着讲故事方法的进步,邪恶女王在被描绘的方式和讲述她的故事的媒介上发生了许多变化。几位学者对这些不断变化的叙事刻画进行了研究,从民间传说到童话故事,其中Zipes(1981;2006)可以说是最突出的。这篇文章探讨了邪恶女王的性格演变和转变如何改变了粉丝的看法。詹金斯的参与文化理论是本文分析的理论基础。选择了几个在线来源进行分析,包括《从前的粉丝博客》和spoilertv.com上的“剧透电视+”页面,因为这些来源提供了一个令人满意的样本,可以反映粉丝对各种观点的看法。从“不喜欢”到“接受”这六个主题来看,文章认为,《从前》电视剧(2011)中人物话语和叙事的发展在粉丝对邪恶女王角色认知的演变中发挥了作用。
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引用次数: 0
The use of indexical signs, symbols and icons in print advertising communication 索引符号、符号和图标在平面广告传播中的使用
IF 0.2 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-12-17 DOI: 10.18820/24150525/COMM.V23.7
A. V. Niekerk
Advertising communication is a unique genre with a distinct set of language rules that use several mechanisms to attract the attention of the target audience. This article examines the value of three visual sign types to attract the attention of the intended target audience. The value of this investigation lies in its consideration of the value of the unstable connotative meanings of the visual signs of modern advertising communication. Semiotics is touched upon as the broad theoretical background to the study. Thereafter, the discussion moves to the use of indexical signs, symbols and icons in modern print advertising in South Africa to ensure audience involvement in the construction of a plausible and implied marketing message. A typical example from South African print media (magazines) in each semiotic category (index, icon and symbol) are analysed to illustrate the role of the target audience as co-creator of the implied marketing message. The data illustrates that the meaning of these signs in print advertising may be unstable/vague even though a specific marketing message was intended. The analysis of these visual signs as impulse to support audience involvement is broadly based on Leeuwen and Jewitt’s (2001) visual analytical method and focuses on the characteristics of creativity by authors Stuhlfaut and Yoo (2013) and Koslow (2015).
广告传播是一种独特的类型,有一套独特的语言规则,使用几种机制来吸引目标受众的注意力。本文考察了三种视觉标志类型的价值,以吸引目标受众的注意。本研究的价值在于对现代广告传播视觉符号不稳定的内涵意义的价值进行思考。符号学是这一研究的广泛理论背景。此后,讨论转向在南非现代平面广告中使用索引符号、符号和图标,以确保观众参与构建一个可信和隐含的营销信息。本文以南非平面媒体(杂志)的每个符号学类别(索引、图标和符号)为例,分析了目标受众作为隐含营销信息的共同创造者的作用。数据表明,这些标志在印刷广告中的意义可能是不稳定的/模糊的,即使特定的营销信息是有意的。对这些视觉符号作为支持观众参与的冲动的分析大致基于Leeuwen和Jewitt(2001)的视觉分析方法,并侧重于作者Stuhlfaut和Yoo(2013)以及Koslow(2015)的创造力特征。
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引用次数: 9
Co-change-oriented communication: A collaborative approach to making sense of change 面向共同变革的沟通:一种理解变革的协作方法
IF 0.2 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-12-17 DOI: 10.18820/24150525/COMM.V23.6
Yolandi Slabbert
This article presents a new concept, “co-Change-orientated Communication” (co-COC), to address the need for theoretical developments beyond mainstream assumptions by drawing from contemporary, critical developments in strategic communication. A two-phased, qualitative methodological strategy was employed. Firstly, a thematic analysis of a sample of literature according to specific parameters and contextual bases was conducted. Secondly, to identify an exemplar for co-COC, a document analysis was done of selected 2016 Fortune “Change-the-World” organisations’ annual and sustainability reports. In congruence with the themes of the literature, the document analysis revealed that co-COC is a bottom-up concept and elicits the attributes of meaningful dialogue, employee engagement, collaboration and co-creation, and encourages dissent. To realise the implementation of co-COC, the document analysis indicated the antecedents of stakeholder engagement, organisational agility, leadership agility and a change-able culture. co-COC contributes to the body of knowledge on strategic and change communication and serves as a heuristic for future research. Furthermore, co- COC provides theoretical development beyond the conventional, which not only affirms the critical role of change communication in the successful management of change, but could also assist communication professionals to realise the need for the inclusion of contemporary developments in strategic communication.
本文提出了一个新的概念,“共同变革导向的沟通”(co-COC),通过借鉴战略沟通的当代关键发展,来满足超越主流假设的理论发展需求。采用了分两个阶段的定性方法论战略。首先,根据特定的参数和语境基础,对一个文献样本进行了主题分析。其次,为了确定联合COC的范例,对2016年《财富》杂志“改变世界”组织的年度报告和可持续发展报告进行了文件分析。与文献主题一致,文件分析表明,共同COC是一个自下而上的概念,它激发了有意义的对话、员工参与、合作和共同创造的属性,并鼓励持不同意见。为了实现联合COC的实施,文件分析指出了利益相关者参与、组织敏捷性、领导敏捷性和可变革文化的前因。co-COC为战略和变革沟通的知识体系做出了贡献,并为未来的研究提供了启发。此外,co-COC提供了超越传统的理论发展,它不仅肯定了变革沟通在成功管理变革中的关键作用,而且可以帮助沟通专业人员意识到将当代发展纳入战略沟通的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Negotiating water conservation communication through indigenous media 通过土著媒体进行水资源保护传播谈判
IF 0.2 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-12-17 DOI: 10.18820/24150525/COMM.V23.12
K. Onyenankeya, A. Salawu
Water conservation efforts have become increasingly important as spiralling population figures and snowballing economic development continue to pile pressure on fresh water resources across the world. In South Africa there are a number of water conservation initiatives to ensure optimal use of dwindling water resources. But not all citizens, particularly in rural communities, consider water conservation a social priority. The apathy has been attributed to the failure of current conservation communication to galvanise people in a way that they come to regard conserving water as a critical factor in achieving sustainable water use. The water conservation efforts rely heavily on persuasive communication, which encourages rural residents to take on new behaviours adjudged beneficial by the promoting agencies, often without seeking their commitment and understanding or appreciating the sociocultural dynamics underpinning their water use behaviour. This study used the participatory action approach to explore the effectiveness of indigenous media in engaging and mobilising rural residents on water conservation initiatives. Given its grassroots nature and interpersonal attributes, indigenous media provide a communication approach with the potential to negotiate the issues around water conservation.
随着不断上升的人口数量和滚雪球般的经济发展继续给世界各地的淡水资源带来压力,节约用水的努力变得越来越重要。在南非,有一些保护水资源的倡议,以确保最佳地利用日益减少的水资源。但并非所有公民,尤其是农村居民,都认为节约用水是一项社会优先事项。这种冷漠被认为是由于目前的节水宣传未能激励人们把节约用水视为实现可持续用水的一个关键因素。节约用水的努力很大程度上依赖于有说服力的沟通,这种沟通鼓励农村居民采取被促进机构认为有益的新行为,往往没有寻求他们的承诺,也没有理解或欣赏支撑他们用水行为的社会文化动力。本研究采用参与式行动方法,探讨了土著媒体在吸引和动员农村居民参与节水倡议方面的有效性。由于其草根性质和人际属性,土著媒体提供了一种沟通方式,有可能就水资源保护问题进行谈判。
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引用次数: 4
Investigating social media conversations: Towards implementing an online reputation management framework for NPOs 调查社会媒体对话:为非营利组织实施在线声誉管理框架
IF 0.2 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-12-17 DOI: 10.18820/24150525/COMM.V23.4
Juran van Heerden, R. Rensburg
The main objective of the research reported in this article was to investigate whether a proposed online reputation management framework can be implemented for an NPO to effect stakeholder engagement in social media content and conversations. The research further assessed whether an NPO can afford greater control of the social web by tracking critical comments and negative publicity and by utilising this information to manage its reputation. The latter was achieved by exploring the Facebook page of a South African trade union, Solidarity, to determine the impact of online conversations on the reputation of the NPO, regardless of the content. A case study methodology was used for the research. The research, which departed from an interpretivist tradition, aimed at analysing the online interactions of stakeholders and their impact on the reputation of the organisation. Data was elicited through interviews with administrators and the content of conversations on Facebook. The latter was analysed through content analysis. The outcomes of the research and the ideas presented in this article might assist NPOs with reputation management by implementing the online reputation management framework as a tool to manage and direct their online content and conversations for improved reputation.
本文报道的研究的主要目的是调查是否可以为NPO实施拟议的在线声誉管理框架,以影响利益相关者参与社交媒体内容和对话。该研究进一步评估了非营利组织是否能够通过跟踪批评评论和负面宣传,并利用这些信息来管理其声誉,从而更好地控制社交网络。后者是通过探索南非工会团结工会的Facebook页面来实现的,以确定在线对话对NPO声誉的影响,无论内容如何。研究采用了案例研究方法。这项研究背离了解释主义的传统,旨在分析利益相关者的在线互动及其对组织声誉的影响。数据是通过对管理人员的采访和Facebook上的对话内容得出的。后者通过内容分析进行分析。本文中提出的研究结果和想法可能有助于NPO通过实施在线声誉管理框架来进行声誉管理,将其作为管理和指导其在线内容和对话的工具,以提高声誉。
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引用次数: 2
Press regulation in South Africa and its implications for press freedom 南非的新闻监管及其对新闻自由的影响
IF 0.2 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-12-17 DOI: 10.18820/24150525/COMM.V23.10
Sibongile Sindane
Using the critical political economy of the media theory (CPEM), this article analyses press regulation in South Africa. The data was collected from statutory documents, which inform press regulation in the country, and was analysed using inductive thematic content analysis. Four themes emerged, namely from self-regulation to independent co-regulation, the communal approach, independent co-regulation, and citizenship. The findings indicate that press regulation in South Africa has adopted a communal approach, which implies that press regulation attempts to include the public. Although independent co-regulation is between the media and the public, and it is supposed to be independent from the government, this does not make it much different from the previous structureof self-regulation.
本文运用媒介理论的批判政治经济学,对南非的新闻监管进行了分析。这些数据是从为该国新闻监管提供信息的法定文件中收集的,并使用归纳主题内容分析进行了分析。出现了四个主题,即从自我监管到独立共同监管、社区方法、独立共同监管和公民身份。调查结果表明,南非的新闻监管采取了一种共同的方式,这意味着新闻监管试图将公众包括在内。尽管独立的共同监管是媒体和公众之间的,而且应该独立于政府,但这与以前的自我监管结构没有太大区别。
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引用次数: 1
Intercultural communication between Deaf and hearing students at a South African university 南非一所大学聋哑学生的跨文化交际
IF 0.2 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-12-17 DOI: 10.18820/24150525/COMM.V23.11
Avela Ntsongelwa, Milagros Rivera-Sánchez
This study investigates the way hearing and Deaf students communicate and develop working and social relationships at the University of the Free State. Centred on the cultural identities of the Deaf subculture and the hearing culture, the authors explore how these two groups interact and how they perceive each other in the context of intercultural communication. The study was able to reach saturation with a total number of eleven participants from the Deaf (n=3) and hearing (n=9) culture. The findings revealed that Deaf students at the University interact with hearing students mostly in class and on-campus residences. Beyond those limited spaces, Deaf students remain isolated from the rest of the university population. The findings also suggest that language is one of the biggest barriers to achieving effective intercultural communication.
这项研究调查了自由州立大学听力和聋人学生交流和发展工作和社会关系的方式。以聋人亚文化和听觉文化的文化身份为中心,作者探讨了这两个群体在跨文化交际中如何互动以及如何感知彼此。该研究能够达到饱和,共有11名来自聋人(n=3)和听力(n=9)文化的参与者。研究结果显示,该大学的聋人学生与听力正常的学生大多在课堂和校园住所互动。在这些有限的空间之外,聋人学生仍然与大学其他人群隔离。研究结果还表明,语言是实现有效跨文化交流的最大障碍之一。
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引用次数: 0
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Communitas
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