Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1163/09744061-0150410123
Santosh Kumar Singh
{"title":"Contemporary Issues on Governance, Conflict and Security in Africa , by Adeoye O. Akinola (ed.)","authors":"Santosh Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1163/09744061-0150410123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/09744061-0150410123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.1163/09744061-bja10097
Kwashirai Zvokuomba, Kezia Batisai
Abstract This article explores the “violence–politics of patronage” nexus of land redistribution and ownership after land reform in Zimbabwe. Foregrounding an analysis of the violence on farms, which has been explored by many scholars in other dimensions, the article presents hard evidence of what happened on these farms post the Fast Track Land Reform Programme. Deploying Gramsci’s theory of hegemony, this article interrogates the sociocultural and political linkages of violence, patronage and farm ownership to illuminate the dark realities of land distribution after “ jambanja ” (farm invasions). The violent behaviour around resettled lands is a manifestation of a well-entrenched patronage system in which those whose political views diverge from the “hegemonic power” lose their land through unscrupulous acts. The violence of the jambanja era, initially targeted at white farmers within the context of a “nativist land revolution”, continues to manifest itself in communities, albeit differently. It is, as the French thinker, Jacques Mallet du Pan, said of the French Revolution, “the revolution devouring its own children”.
摘要本文探讨了津巴布韦土地改革后土地再分配和所有权的“暴力政治赞助”关系。许多学者已经在其他方面对农场暴力进行了分析，文章提出了在快速通道土地改革计划实施后这些农场发生的事情的确凿证据。本文运用葛兰西的霸权理论，探讨了暴力、赞助和农场所有权之间的社会文化和政治联系，以阐明“jambanja”(农场入侵)后土地分配的黑暗现实。围绕重新安置土地的暴力行为是一种根深蒂固的庇护制度的表现，在这种制度下，那些政治观点与“霸权国家”不同的人通过肆无忌惮的行为失去了他们的土地。jambanja时代的暴力最初是在“本土主义土地革命”的背景下针对白人农民的，尽管有所不同，但仍在社区中表现出来。正如法国思想家雅克•马勒•杜潘(Jacques Mallet du Pan)对法国大革命的描述，这场革命是“在吞噬自己的孩子”。
{"title":"Violence, Patronage Politics and Farm Ownership in Zimbabwean Land Reform","authors":"Kwashirai Zvokuomba, Kezia Batisai","doi":"10.1163/09744061-bja10097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/09744061-bja10097","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article explores the “violence–politics of patronage” nexus of land redistribution and ownership after land reform in Zimbabwe. Foregrounding an analysis of the violence on farms, which has been explored by many scholars in other dimensions, the article presents hard evidence of what happened on these farms post the Fast Track Land Reform Programme. Deploying Gramsci’s theory of hegemony, this article interrogates the sociocultural and political linkages of violence, patronage and farm ownership to illuminate the dark realities of land distribution after “ jambanja ” (farm invasions). The violent behaviour around resettled lands is a manifestation of a well-entrenched patronage system in which those whose political views diverge from the “hegemonic power” lose their land through unscrupulous acts. The violence of the jambanja era, initially targeted at white farmers within the context of a “nativist land revolution”, continues to manifest itself in communities, albeit differently. It is, as the French thinker, Jacques Mallet du Pan, said of the French Revolution, “the revolution devouring its own children”.","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135483426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.1163/09744061-bja10096
Maximilian Obinna Obiakor, Chukwuebuka Hamilton Obiakor, Ejike Ezendu, Chigozie Damian Ezeonyejiaku
Abstract Maritime industry clustering has in recent years gained attention as a tool for strategic global and regional economic competitiveness policies, owing to their co-location synergies and agglomeration economies. The Nigerian maritime sector is known to have a large industry, which comprises shipping and logistics firms, shipyards, ship consultants and a suite of other firms, institutions and associations with maritime functions. However, nothing is known about the structural characteristics and environmental dynamics of this significant cluster. This article, capitalising on a critical and meta-analytic review of studies and conceptual modelling, explores for the first time the Nigerian maritime industry from a cluster perspective, underpinned by the foundational competitiveness of Nigerian microeconomic performance. It further evaluates broadly the quality of the Nigerian business environment, highlighting the challenges and opportunities for strategic foresight in decision-making. Targeted recommendations predicated on cluster-specific characteristics are provided to improve cluster competitiveness.
{"title":"Nigerian Maritime","authors":"Maximilian Obinna Obiakor, Chukwuebuka Hamilton Obiakor, Ejike Ezendu, Chigozie Damian Ezeonyejiaku","doi":"10.1163/09744061-bja10096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/09744061-bja10096","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Maritime industry clustering has in recent years gained attention as a tool for strategic global and regional economic competitiveness policies, owing to their co-location synergies and agglomeration economies. The Nigerian maritime sector is known to have a large industry, which comprises shipping and logistics firms, shipyards, ship consultants and a suite of other firms, institutions and associations with maritime functions. However, nothing is known about the structural characteristics and environmental dynamics of this significant cluster. This article, capitalising on a critical and meta-analytic review of studies and conceptual modelling, explores for the first time the Nigerian maritime industry from a cluster perspective, underpinned by the foundational competitiveness of Nigerian microeconomic performance. It further evaluates broadly the quality of the Nigerian business environment, highlighting the challenges and opportunities for strategic foresight in decision-making. Targeted recommendations predicated on cluster-specific characteristics are provided to improve cluster competitiveness.","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135483755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1163/09744061-tat00015
Christina Human, Stephanie Cawood, Liesl L. van As
Abstract Two geological fault lines mark the southernmost tip of the Great East African Rift Valley. An ancient tectonic uplift, or superswell, caused rifting down the spine of the African continent, which created the Okavango Delta, an endorheic (enclosed) wetland in Botswana. The huge and biodiverse waterbody is an anomaly, as it is surrounded by the otherwise arid Kalahari Desert. Part of this delta is known as the Panhandle. Despite evidence of the Anthropocene, the area teems with massive concentrations of wildlife. It is also home to a diverse post/colonial concentration of human inhabitants, some Indigenous. Each segment of this population has a unique relationship with the environment, informed by Indigenous knowledge systems ( IKS ), geopolitical hierarchies and the misogynistic politics of the post/colonial nation-state in which hegemonic patriarchies produce gendered ecologies. Through a breaking rank methodology, this paper explores the gendered ecologies and IKS of the post/colonial Panhandle community.
{"title":"IKS and Gendered Ecologies","authors":"Christina Human, Stephanie Cawood, Liesl L. van As","doi":"10.1163/09744061-tat00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/09744061-tat00015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Two geological fault lines mark the southernmost tip of the Great East African Rift Valley. An ancient tectonic uplift, or superswell, caused rifting down the spine of the African continent, which created the Okavango Delta, an endorheic (enclosed) wetland in Botswana. The huge and biodiverse waterbody is an anomaly, as it is surrounded by the otherwise arid Kalahari Desert. Part of this delta is known as the Panhandle. Despite evidence of the Anthropocene, the area teems with massive concentrations of wildlife. It is also home to a diverse post/colonial concentration of human inhabitants, some Indigenous. Each segment of this population has a unique relationship with the environment, informed by Indigenous knowledge systems ( IKS ), geopolitical hierarchies and the misogynistic politics of the post/colonial nation-state in which hegemonic patriarchies produce gendered ecologies. Through a breaking rank methodology, this paper explores the gendered ecologies and IKS of the post/colonial Panhandle community.","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134970705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.1163/09744061-bja10106
Hussein Solomon
{"title":"Mobility, Mobilization and Counter-Insurgency: The Routes of Terror in and Africa Context , by Daniel E. Agbiboa","authors":"Hussein Solomon","doi":"10.1163/09744061-bja10106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/09744061-bja10106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73228540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.1163/09744061-bja10107
M. Venkataraman
{"title":"Democratic Backsliding in Africa? Autocratization, Resilience, and Contention , by Leonardo R. Arriola, Lise Rakner and Nicolas Van De Walle (eds.)","authors":"M. Venkataraman","doi":"10.1163/09744061-bja10107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/09744061-bja10107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75134391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.1163/09744061-bja10081
Nsama Jonathan Simuziya
The history of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) i.e., the trade partnership between the US and sub-Saharan African states indicates that the initial Clinton Administration blueprint for this venture was to operate for eight years, from 2000 to 2008. However, in 2004 George Bush, the incoming US president, pushed the AGOA mandate to 2015. Before the AGOA order could expire, its mandate was again extended to 2025 by then US president Barack Obama. This study argues that the lofty ambitions inscribed in the design of AGOA seem not to have lived up to their billing. The study finds that the theoretical win-win proposition that was envisioned does not appear to have yielded the desired economic results for sub-Saharan states mainly because the enterprise is likely a one-sided trade deal in favour of the US. Data for this study was gathered from qualitative and quantitative sources. The study concludes that given the pattern of the US engagements with sub-Saharan Africa, which seems only focused on advancing US national interests, the sub-Saharan region needs to devise alternative trade partnerships if its economy is to grow. The study recommends that sub-Saharan Africa focuses on intra-Africa trade. Alternatively, it should strengthen development cooperation with emerging markets such as the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa).
{"title":"History of Sub-Saharan Africa’s Long Journey towards Economic Emancipation","authors":"Nsama Jonathan Simuziya","doi":"10.1163/09744061-bja10081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/09744061-bja10081","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The history of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) i.e., the trade partnership between the US and sub-Saharan African states indicates that the initial Clinton Administration blueprint for this venture was to operate for eight years, from 2000 to 2008. However, in 2004 George Bush, the incoming US president, pushed the AGOA mandate to 2015. Before the AGOA order could expire, its mandate was again extended to 2025 by then US president Barack Obama. This study argues that the lofty ambitions inscribed in the design of AGOA seem not to have lived up to their billing. The study finds that the theoretical win-win proposition that was envisioned does not appear to have yielded the desired economic results for sub-Saharan states mainly because the enterprise is likely a one-sided trade deal in favour of the US. Data for this study was gathered from qualitative and quantitative sources. The study concludes that given the pattern of the US engagements with sub-Saharan Africa, which seems only focused on advancing US national interests, the sub-Saharan region needs to devise alternative trade partnerships if its economy is to grow. The study recommends that sub-Saharan Africa focuses on intra-Africa trade. Alternatively, it should strengthen development cooperation with emerging markets such as the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa).","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84052185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.1163/09744061-tat00013
Acquiline Chimwanda
The history of past civilisations in southern Africa from AD 700 to AD 1450 has engendered unresolved debates on the social complexities and ultimate decline of these powerful states. The purpose of this paper is to examine the history of the Mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe state systems in southern Africa through an environmental perspective by taking into consideration human responses to persistent droughts and dry spells. The theories underpinning this study are derived from contemporary societal responses to similar environmental hardships in the Bikita and Chivi districts of southern Zimbabwe. Using rainfall data, and interviews with chiefs, villagers, farmers and experts, this study notes that the occurrence of droughts and dry-spell experiences interfere with sociopolitical organisation. The concepts of sustainability, resilience and transformation are used to explain what could have transpired in societies in southern Africa in the second millennium AD in the face of persistent droughts and dry spells.
{"title":"Human Responses to Climate Change in the Second Millennium AD","authors":"Acquiline Chimwanda","doi":"10.1163/09744061-tat00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/09744061-tat00013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The history of past civilisations in southern Africa from AD 700 to AD 1450 has engendered unresolved debates on the social complexities and ultimate decline of these powerful states. The purpose of this paper is to examine the history of the Mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe state systems in southern Africa through an environmental perspective by taking into consideration human responses to persistent droughts and dry spells. The theories underpinning this study are derived from contemporary societal responses to similar environmental hardships in the Bikita and Chivi districts of southern Zimbabwe. Using rainfall data, and interviews with chiefs, villagers, farmers and experts, this study notes that the occurrence of droughts and dry-spell experiences interfere with sociopolitical organisation. The concepts of sustainability, resilience and transformation are used to explain what could have transpired in societies in southern Africa in the second millennium AD in the face of persistent droughts and dry spells.","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90506352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.1163/09744061-bja10092
Ricardo Real P. De Sousa, J. Cuadrado
Neopatrimonialism is a conceptual framework frequently used to analyse state politics. This paper reviews objectivist and positivist literature to ascertain the relevance of neopatrimonialism in analysing African state politics. It defines neopatrimonialism following the Weberian model, as the coexistence of a legal-rational domination and a patrimonial domination over the state. The paper reviews neopatrimonialism through the evolution of the African state since colonisation. It uses the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) dataset to assess the prevalence of neopatrimonialism across the world and within Africa. It assesses two propositions to conclude that there can be a “developmental neopatrimonialism” if its practices are regulated but that, inversely, “predatory neopatrimonialism” hinders development. Additionally, the detrimental effect of neopatrimonialism on democracy is ambiguous and democratisation can promote or hinder neopatrimonialism. The paper concludes that neopatrimonialism is a useful research concept if it is specific and able to account for the diversity of practices.
{"title":"Neopatrimonialism in Africa","authors":"Ricardo Real P. De Sousa, J. Cuadrado","doi":"10.1163/09744061-bja10092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/09744061-bja10092","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Neopatrimonialism is a conceptual framework frequently used to analyse state politics. This paper reviews objectivist and positivist literature to ascertain the relevance of neopatrimonialism in analysing African state politics. It defines neopatrimonialism following the Weberian model, as the coexistence of a legal-rational domination and a patrimonial domination over the state. The paper reviews neopatrimonialism through the evolution of the African state since colonisation. It uses the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) dataset to assess the prevalence of neopatrimonialism across the world and within Africa. It assesses two propositions to conclude that there can be a “developmental neopatrimonialism” if its practices are regulated but that, inversely, “predatory neopatrimonialism” hinders development. Additionally, the detrimental effect of neopatrimonialism on democracy is ambiguous and democratisation can promote or hinder neopatrimonialism. The paper concludes that neopatrimonialism is a useful research concept if it is specific and able to account for the diversity of practices.","PeriodicalId":41966,"journal":{"name":"Africa Review","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79662103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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