An increasing number of migration scholars have been critical of the narrative of Canada’s successful immigration history, because of its neglect of colonial and discriminatory practices against Indigenous peoples and racialized minorities. This paper seeks to engage critically with this scholarship by insisting on the distinct places Indigenous peoples have in Canada’s immigration history and migration narratives. By comparing various administrative programs and policies on immigration, the paper identifies the continuous marginalization and invisibility of Indigenous peoples over time. A closer look at the contemporary employment conditions of both groups highlights the administrative process of making Indigenous peoples invisible and disconnected from the wage economy, unlike migrants who are explicitly constructed as connected to it. The paper concludes with a call for further critical migration scholarship, with the examination of the history of Indigenous-settler-immigrant entanglements over time.
{"title":"Indigenous Peoples in Canadian Migration Narratives: A Story of Marginalization","authors":"H. Pellerin","doi":"10.5663/aps.v8i1.29347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5663/aps.v8i1.29347","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000An increasing number of migration scholars have been critical of the narrative of Canada’s successful immigration history, because of its neglect of colonial and discriminatory practices against Indigenous peoples and racialized minorities. This paper seeks to engage critically with this scholarship by insisting on the distinct places Indigenous peoples have in Canada’s immigration history and migration narratives. By comparing various administrative programs and policies on immigration, the paper identifies the continuous marginalization and invisibility of Indigenous peoples over time. A closer look at the contemporary employment conditions of both groups highlights the administrative process of making Indigenous peoples invisible and disconnected from the wage economy, unlike migrants who are explicitly constructed as connected to it. The paper concludes with a call for further critical migration scholarship, with the examination of the history of Indigenous-settler-immigrant entanglements over time. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":42043,"journal":{"name":"Aboriginal Policy Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47369853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study demonstrated income assistance (IA) receipt among Aboriginal people living off-reserve using data from the 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS), a national survey of First Nations people living off reserve, Métis, and Inuit. In 2011, 12% of Aboriginal people living off-reserve received IA. It focused on socio-demographic, labour market and health characteristics found in different types of IA receipt. For almost half of the Aboriginal IA receivers, IA was their only source of income; it was the main (but not sole) source of income for 27%; and for the remaining 28%, IA was a secondary source of income. The receipt of IA was associated with socio-demographic characteristics such as never having been married; female; younger; less than high school levels of education; and living in lone-parent households. About 20% of IA recipients were employed in 2011. Compared with other Aboriginal workers not receiving IA, they were more likely to have a job with short tenure; to be part-time workers or temporary workers; and to work in the sector of sales and services. Compared to non-recipients, recipients of IA also reported significantly poorer mental and physical health conditions. The associations between health status and IA remained significant after controlling for other demographic factors. These results have important implications for policy makers and other stakeholders interested in IA for Aboriginal people. The complexity of employment, health, and other risk factors of IA need to be considered in further understanding these issues.
{"title":"Income Assistance Receipt among Off-reserve Indigenous Peoples in Canada","authors":"Jungwee Park","doi":"10.5663/aps.v8i1.29339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5663/aps.v8i1.29339","url":null,"abstract":"This study demonstrated income assistance (IA) receipt among Aboriginal people living off-reserve using data from the 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS), a national survey of First Nations people living off reserve, Métis, and Inuit. In 2011, 12% of Aboriginal people living off-reserve received IA. It focused on socio-demographic, labour market and health characteristics found in different types of IA receipt. For almost half of the Aboriginal IA receivers, IA was their only source of income; it was the main (but not sole) source of income for 27%; and for the remaining 28%, IA was a secondary source of income. The receipt of IA was associated with socio-demographic characteristics such as never having been married; female; younger; less than high school levels of education; and living in lone-parent households. About 20% of IA recipients were employed in 2011. Compared with other Aboriginal workers not receiving IA, they were more likely to have a job with short tenure; to be part-time workers or temporary workers; and to work in the sector of sales and services. Compared to non-recipients, recipients of IA also reported significantly poorer mental and physical health conditions. The associations between health status and IA remained significant after controlling for other demographic factors. These results have important implications for policy makers and other stakeholders interested in IA for Aboriginal people. The complexity of employment, health, and other risk factors of IA need to be considered in further understanding these issues.","PeriodicalId":42043,"journal":{"name":"Aboriginal Policy Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5663/aps.v8i1.29339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46940587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Memorandum of Understanding Between The Métis Nation and The Mi'kmaq of Nova Scotia","authors":"Métis Nation and Mi'kmaq of Nova Scotia","doi":"10.5663/aps.v8i1.29363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5663/aps.v8i1.29363","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42043,"journal":{"name":"Aboriginal Policy Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5663/aps.v8i1.29363","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47929817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite Canada’s international reputation as a world leader in women’s rights, its own policies and practices continue to target and discriminate against Indigenous women, particularly those who are entangled within the criminal (in)justice and child welfare systems (Monchalin 2016). This article synthesizes international research, with a primary focus on Canada, in order to theorize issues surrounding Indigenous women’s experiences of carceral motherhood. By drawing on critical feminist criminological and Indigenous feminist perspectives, I examine issues related to caretaking and incarceration, mothering from prison (visitations), mothering in prison (mother-child programs), and mothering after prison (parole). Despite rejecting the prison as a solution to “the crime problem,” I conclude by offering tentative recommendations on how to ameliorate Indigenous women’s experiences of carceral motherhood.
{"title":"Indigenous Carceral Motherhood: An Examination of Colonial, Patriarchal, and Neoliberal Control","authors":"I. Scott","doi":"10.5663/aps.v8i1.29333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5663/aps.v8i1.29333","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Despite Canada’s international reputation as a world leader in women’s rights, its own policies and practices continue to target and discriminate against Indigenous women, particularly those who are entangled within the criminal (in)justice and child welfare systems (Monchalin 2016). This article synthesizes international research, with a primary focus on Canada, in order to theorize issues surrounding Indigenous women’s experiences of carceral motherhood. By drawing on critical feminist criminological and Indigenous feminist perspectives, I examine issues related to caretaking and incarceration, mothering from prison (visitations), mothering in prison (mother-child programs), and mothering after prison (parole). Despite rejecting the prison as a solution to “the crime problem,” I conclude by offering tentative recommendations on how to ameliorate Indigenous women’s experiences of carceral motherhood. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":42043,"journal":{"name":"Aboriginal Policy Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5663/aps.v8i1.29333","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42694619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book Review of \"Diagnosing the Legacy: The Discovery, Research, and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Indigenous Youth\"","authors":"M. A. Palmer","doi":"10.5663/APS.V7I2.29353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5663/APS.V7I2.29353","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>None</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":42043,"journal":{"name":"Aboriginal Policy Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5663/APS.V7I2.29353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46166131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Family violence in Indigenous communities is one of the most pressing policy challenges of our times. This issue is highly related to the stressors caused by the disadvantaged socio-economic circumstances of Indigenous peoples, such as poverty and unemployment, and community trauma attributed to colonization and a loss of culture. This article is a case study based on the evaluations of four community-university engagement initiatives for Indigenous children, youth, and their families at a small inner-city university. It documents six principles for policy development used to engage students in their education and to begin to perceive themselves as high school and post-secondary graduates. These programs are just a few examples of how a small inner-city university took an imaginative community development approach to promoting social change, with each program tantamount to an anti-violence strategy.
{"title":"How can community-university engagement address family violence prevention? One child at a time.","authors":"Linda DeRiviere","doi":"10.5663/APS.V7I2.28897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5663/APS.V7I2.28897","url":null,"abstract":"Family violence in Indigenous communities is one of the most pressing policy challenges of our times. This issue is highly related to the stressors caused by the disadvantaged socio-economic circumstances of Indigenous peoples, such as poverty and unemployment, and community trauma attributed to colonization and a loss of culture. This article is a case study based on the evaluations of four community-university engagement initiatives for Indigenous children, youth, and their families at a small inner-city university. It documents six principles for policy development used to engage students in their education and to begin to perceive themselves as high school and post-secondary graduates. These programs are just a few examples of how a small inner-city university took an imaginative community development approach to promoting social change, with each program tantamount to an anti-violence strategy.","PeriodicalId":42043,"journal":{"name":"Aboriginal Policy Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5663/APS.V7I2.28897","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41986666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Being an Indigenous CRC in the era of the TRC #Notallitscrackeduptobe","authors":"Chelsea Gabel","doi":"10.5663/aps.v7i2.29356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5663/aps.v7i2.29356","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42043,"journal":{"name":"Aboriginal Policy Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5663/aps.v7i2.29356","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46402307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Decolonizing research methodologies are increasingly becoming the forefront of research with, for and/or by Indigenous peoples. This paper aims to highlight an Indigenous research methodology that emerged from a Metis researcher’s relation with Omushkego people from Moose Cree First Nation (Moose Factory, Ontario, Canada) during my doctoral research from 2012 to 2016. The contents of the article represent a decolonizing process of doing research with a broader research aim to make links between land-based pedagogy and milo pimatisiwin (good life). It is with the Omushkego people of Moose Cree First Nation and how the community itself led me to remember, to reclaim and to regenerate what I came to identity as Keeoukaywin meaning the Visiting Way. With relationality at its core, the Visiting Way - Keeoukaywin - re-centers Metis and Cree ways of being as a practical and meaningful methodology to foster milo pimatisiwin, living and being well in relation. The study shows how an Indigenous research methodology promotes self-recognition in relation to the land, history, community and values and demystifies our own epistemic relation to historical truths.
{"title":"Keeoukaywin: The Visiting Way - Fostering an Indigenous Research Methodology","authors":"Janice Cindy Gaudet","doi":"10.5663/APS.V7I2.29336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5663/APS.V7I2.29336","url":null,"abstract":"Decolonizing research methodologies are increasingly becoming the forefront of research with, for and/or by Indigenous peoples. This paper aims to highlight an Indigenous research methodology that emerged from a Metis researcher’s relation with Omushkego people from Moose Cree First Nation (Moose Factory, Ontario, Canada) during my doctoral research from 2012 to 2016. The contents of the article represent a decolonizing process of doing research with a broader research aim to make links between land-based pedagogy and milo pimatisiwin (good life). It is with the Omushkego people of Moose Cree First Nation and how the community itself led me to remember, to reclaim and to regenerate what I came to identity as Keeoukaywin meaning the Visiting Way. With relationality at its core, the Visiting Way - Keeoukaywin - re-centers Metis and Cree ways of being as a practical and meaningful methodology to foster milo pimatisiwin, living and being well in relation. The study shows how an Indigenous research methodology promotes self-recognition in relation to the land, history, community and values and demystifies our own epistemic relation to historical truths. ","PeriodicalId":42043,"journal":{"name":"Aboriginal Policy Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5663/APS.V7I2.29336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42715023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we employ Bacchi’s (2012) “What’s the Problem Represented to be” approach to guide our discourse analysis of federal Indigenous sport for development (SFD) policies in Canada and Australia. Through a review of government policies and reports, we highlight the often-divergent policy directives set out by federal departments in these two countries. Namely, inter-departmental partnerships in areas such as health, education, and justice fail to be adequately facilitated through SFD policies in Canada, while, conversely, Australia has strived towards greater federal partnership building. Within the identified Canadian and Australian policies, both countries consistently produced sport as having the potential to contribute to Indigenous peoples’ social and economic development, thus highlighting the growing institutional support behind Indigenous SFD. This policy analysis research provides a novel contribution to the overall growing body of literature investigating the politics of partnership building in SFD initiatives.
{"title":"A Comparison of Indigenous Sport for Development Policy Directives in Canada and Australia","authors":"K. Gardam, A. Giles, S. Rynne, L. Hayhurst","doi":"10.5663/APS.V7I2.29334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5663/APS.V7I2.29334","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we employ Bacchi’s (2012) “What’s the Problem Represented to be” approach to guide our discourse analysis of federal Indigenous sport for development (SFD) policies in Canada and Australia. Through a review of government policies and reports, we highlight the often-divergent policy directives set out by federal departments in these two countries. Namely, inter-departmental partnerships in areas such as health, education, and justice fail to be adequately facilitated through SFD policies in Canada, while, conversely, Australia has strived towards greater federal partnership building. Within the identified Canadian and Australian policies, both countries consistently produced sport as having the potential to contribute to Indigenous peoples’ social and economic development, thus highlighting the growing institutional support behind Indigenous SFD. This policy analysis research provides a novel contribution to the overall growing body of literature investigating the politics of partnership building in SFD initiatives. ","PeriodicalId":42043,"journal":{"name":"Aboriginal Policy Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5663/APS.V7I2.29334","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48626915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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