En este artículo se traduce y comenta un manuscrito persa sin fecha sobre el tiro con arco titulado Izá (Revelación), escrito por Tāher Māwarā al-Nahri. Las referencias internas sugieren que algunas partes del texto fueron escritas en épocas tempranas. El autor, Tāher Māwarā al-Nahri, es actualmente desconocido y las fechas de su nacimiento y muerte son inciertas. El autor presenta sus argumentos, y a sí mismo, con seguridad, y está convencido de la corrección de sus enseñanzas magistrales. Este maestro, Ja’far Māwarā al-Nahri, es igualmente desconocido actualmente, aunque el epíteto, Māwarā al-Nahri, aplicado a ambos, significa «desde más allá del río». Este epíteto sugiere que provenían de Transoxania o fueron descendientes de personas de esa zona. Por tanto, es posible que este manual sea el único que ha sobrevivido en relación a las tradiciones de tiro con arco de Asia Central.
{"title":"El manuscrito persa sobre tiro con arco Izá (Revelación) por Tāher Māwarā al-Nahri","authors":"Manouchehr Moshtagh Khorasani, Bede Dwyer","doi":"10.3989/GLADIUS.2018.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/GLADIUS.2018.08","url":null,"abstract":"En este artículo se traduce y comenta un manuscrito persa sin fecha sobre el tiro con arco titulado Izá (Revelación), escrito por Tāher Māwarā al-Nahri. Las referencias internas sugieren que algunas partes del texto fueron escritas en épocas tempranas. El autor, Tāher Māwarā al-Nahri, es actualmente desconocido y las fechas de su nacimiento y muerte son inciertas. El autor presenta sus argumentos, y a sí mismo, con seguridad, y está convencido de la corrección de sus enseñanzas magistrales. Este maestro, Ja’far Māwarā al-Nahri, es igualmente desconocido actualmente, aunque el epíteto, Māwarā al-Nahri, aplicado a ambos, significa «desde más allá del río». Este epíteto sugiere que provenían de Transoxania o fueron descendientes de personas de esa zona. Por tanto, es posible que este manual sea el único que ha sobrevivido en relación a las tradiciones de tiro con arco de Asia Central.","PeriodicalId":42057,"journal":{"name":"Gladius","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49200480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Naval Museum of Torre del Oro in Seville we have located an naval artillery piece similar to a gun that is not described and misidentified breech. This cannon is a moschetto de braga, gives Venetian sixteenth century, which we know of no other copy in Spanish museums. This part has been under the sea for a long time and possibly was rescued by chance and delivered to the museum for preservation. With a view to identification, a historical study of the artillery of the time and description and detailed analysis of this unique object is performed in Spain. In the absence of specific literature on these weapons, we offered a measurement method and other heavy, based on the historic texts. The analysis of historical documentation allows know how the system was to fuse the grinding balls made of lead and iron, hitherto unpublished, and establish its density.
在塞维利亚的Torre del Oro海军博物馆，我们找到了一门类似于一门没有描述和误认后膛的火炮。这门大炮是十六世纪威尼斯人的一门莫谢托·德·布拉加（moschetto de braga）大炮，据我们所知，在西班牙博物馆中没有其他复制品。这部分已经在海底呆了很长时间，可能是偶然获救并被送到博物馆保存的。为了进行鉴定，在西班牙对当时的火炮进行了历史研究，并对这一独特物体进行了描述和详细分析。在没有关于这些武器的具体文献的情况下，我们根据历史文献提供了一种测量方法和其他重型武器。通过对历史文献的分析，我们可以知道该系统是如何将迄今为止尚未发表的铅和铁制成的磨球融合在一起，并确定其密度的。
{"title":"Artillería naval veneciana en la Torre del Oro: método para la identificación y análisis de un moschetto da braga del siglo XVI","authors":"Juan José Sánchez-Baena, Pedro Fondevila-Silva","doi":"10.3989/GLADIUS.2017.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/GLADIUS.2017.05","url":null,"abstract":"The Naval Museum of Torre del Oro in Seville we have located an naval artillery piece similar to a gun that is not described and misidentified breech. This cannon is a moschetto de braga, gives Venetian sixteenth century, which we know of no other copy in Spanish museums. This part has been under the sea for a long time and possibly was rescued by chance and delivered to the museum for preservation. With a view to identification, a historical study of the artillery of the time and description and detailed analysis of this unique object is performed in Spain. In the absence of specific literature on these weapons, we offered a measurement method and other heavy, based on the historic texts. The analysis of historical documentation allows know how the system was to fuse the grinding balls made of lead and iron, hitherto unpublished, and establish its density.","PeriodicalId":42057,"journal":{"name":"Gladius","volume":"37 1","pages":"129-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45830168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to study the swords discovered in the necropolis of El Castillo (Castejon, Navarra). They come from tombs dated in the Second Iron Age, between the 2nd o of 4th c. and 3rd c. BC. A period marked by a process of generalization of armament and by the existence of burials with complex panoplies, with both offensive and defensive weapons. The uniqueness of the site is reflected in the analyzed set, in which three very different models of swords are documented.
{"title":"Las espadas de la necrópolis de El Castillo (Castejón, Navarra)","authors":"José Antonio Faro Carballa","doi":"10.3989/GLADIUS.2017.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/GLADIUS.2017.03","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to study the swords discovered in the necropolis of El Castillo (Castejon, Navarra). They come from tombs dated in the Second Iron Age, between the 2nd o of 4th c. and 3rd c. BC. A period marked by a process of generalization of armament and by the existence of burials with complex panoplies, with both offensive and defensive weapons. The uniqueness of the site is reflected in the analyzed set, in which three very different models of swords are documented.","PeriodicalId":42057,"journal":{"name":"Gladius","volume":"37 1","pages":"69-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46797712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article studies one of the two oldest treatises on fencing written in Spanish. With the purpose of finding out who authored this text, this article gathers information on where and how it was produced, with new documents on teaching fencing, exams, contracts from apprentices for fencing degrees, and their concessions, licences, appointments, etc. The new documents uncover some practically unknown high masters and fencing masters, whose hand could have written the treatise.
{"title":"Las nueve reglas de la espada de dos manos, y la práctica de la esgrima en Zaragoza hacia 1526","authors":"M. Ancín, Otis Towns","doi":"10.3989/GLADIUS.2017.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/GLADIUS.2017.06","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies one of the two oldest treatises on fencing written in Spanish. With the purpose of finding out who authored this text, this article gathers information on where and how it was produced, with new documents on teaching fencing, exams, contracts from apprentices for fencing degrees, and their concessions, licences, appointments, etc. The new documents uncover some practically unknown high masters and fencing masters, whose hand could have written the treatise.","PeriodicalId":42057,"journal":{"name":"Gladius","volume":"37 1","pages":"153-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45543513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study and analysis of the complex system of moats around Los Castellazos site (Mediana de Aragon, Zaragoza) has made possible to identify the sling as one of the most popular weapon to attack and besiege fortifications during the Roman Republic. For this, a calculation of the range of the projectiles was carried out. To conclude, the need for protection from this weapon explains the existence of outer defences, distant from the defensive enclosures, especially from the end of the 3rd Century B.C. and the beginning of the 2nd.
通过对Los Castellazos遗址(萨拉戈萨Mediana de Aragon, Zaragoza)周围复杂的护城河系统的研究和分析，可以确定吊索是罗马共和国时期攻击和围攻防御工事最流行的武器之一。为此，对弹丸的射程进行了计算。总而言之，对这种武器的保护需要解释了外部防御的存在，远离防御围墙，特别是从公元前3世纪末到公元前2世纪初。
{"title":"Piedra y plomo: la honda frente a los asentamientos fortificados del noreste de la península ibérica a partir del siglo III a. c. y su repercusión en los sistemas defensivos","authors":"Francisco Romeo Marugán","doi":"10.3989/GLADIUS.2017.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/GLADIUS.2017.04","url":null,"abstract":"The study and analysis of the complex system of moats around Los Castellazos site (Mediana de Aragon, Zaragoza) has made possible to identify the sling as one of the most popular weapon to attack and besiege fortifications during the Roman Republic. For this, a calculation of the range of the projectiles was carried out. To conclude, the need for protection from this weapon explains the existence of outer defences, distant from the defensive enclosures, especially from the end of the 3rd Century B.C. and the beginning of the 2nd.","PeriodicalId":42057,"journal":{"name":"Gladius","volume":"37 1","pages":"109-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43254607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study in some detail the Roman weapons represented on a new fragmentary sculpture from the Iberian oppidum at Las Atalayuelas (Jaen, Andalusia, Provincia Baetica), probably from the periurban sanctuary or its surroundings. Although it was intentionally damaged and reused, enough elements remain to show that it formed part of the sculpted decoration of an important architectural monument. It represents a horseman armed with the characteristic defensive weapons of the Roman Republican cavalry: parma equestis and lorica hamata. It is the work of a local Iberian workshop depicting either a roman horseman in a battle scene, or an Iberian aristocrat with Roman weapons in a heroizing context. It can be dated to the Second century B.C. or the first half of the First.
{"title":"Las armas y el contexto del guerrero de “Las Atalayuelas” (Jaén): una escultura de época ibérica tardía/romano republicana","authors":"F. Sanz, Carmen Rueda Galán","doi":"10.3989/GLADIUS.2017.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/GLADIUS.2017.01","url":null,"abstract":"We study in some detail the Roman weapons represented on a new fragmentary sculpture from the Iberian oppidum at Las Atalayuelas (Jaen, Andalusia, Provincia Baetica), probably from the periurban sanctuary or its surroundings. Although it was intentionally damaged and reused, enough elements remain to show that it formed part of the sculpted decoration of an important architectural monument. It represents a horseman armed with the characteristic defensive weapons of the Roman Republican cavalry: parma equestis and lorica hamata. It is the work of a local Iberian workshop depicting either a roman horseman in a battle scene, or an Iberian aristocrat with Roman weapons in a heroizing context. It can be dated to the Second century B.C. or the first half of the First.","PeriodicalId":42057,"journal":{"name":"Gladius","volume":"37 1","pages":"7-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42393719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaime Vives-Ferrándiz Sánchez, Guillermo Tortajada Comeche, Clodoaldo Roldán García
We present an iron disc breastplate from the Iberian oppidum Bastida de les Alcusses. The object was identified during the study of unpublished material from the excavations carried out at the site during 1928-1931. It is a circular plate featuring several rivets to hold the straps that were probably made in leather. After presenting the disc and the results of the EDXRF analysis that identify the metals used in the production of the disc (iron) and the rivets (silver and copper), we analyse its context of provenance and the historical framework of this category of defensive weapon. Last, we interpret it in the social context of the first half of the 4th century BC in southeast Iberia.
{"title":"Un disco-coraza de hierro de la Bastida de les Alcusses (moixent, valencia)","authors":"Jaime Vives-Ferrándiz Sánchez, Guillermo Tortajada Comeche, Clodoaldo Roldán García","doi":"10.3989/GLADIUS.2017.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/GLADIUS.2017.02","url":null,"abstract":"We present an iron disc breastplate from the Iberian oppidum Bastida de les Alcusses. The object was identified during the study of unpublished material from the excavations carried out at the site during 1928-1931. It is a circular plate featuring several rivets to hold the straps that were probably made in leather. After presenting the disc and the results of the EDXRF analysis that identify the metals used in the production of the disc (iron) and the rivets (silver and copper), we analyse its context of provenance and the historical framework of this category of defensive weapon. Last, we interpret it in the social context of the first half of the 4th century BC in southeast Iberia.","PeriodicalId":42057,"journal":{"name":"Gladius","volume":"37 1","pages":"53-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43624405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. García, A. J. L. Alvarado, M. Prado, Teresa Moneo Rodríguez, I. M. Mira, Olga Navarro, Eduardo Vilaplana-Ortego
The discovery of a set of glass grenades and some pieces of artillery in the excavations of the Castle of Chinchilla allows an approach, from an archaeological perspective, to the most important episode of the War of Independence in the territory of the present day province of Albacete. Their joint study provides specific data on the defensive and offensive military siege tactics during the conflict.
{"title":"Armamento de sitio en el Castillo de Chinchilla (Albacete) durante la Guerra de la Independencia: artillería y granadas de mano","authors":"J. García, A. J. L. Alvarado, M. Prado, Teresa Moneo Rodríguez, I. M. Mira, Olga Navarro, Eduardo Vilaplana-Ortego","doi":"10.3989/GLADIUS.2017.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/GLADIUS.2017.07","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of a set of glass grenades and some pieces of artillery in the excavations of the Castle of Chinchilla allows an approach, from an archaeological perspective, to the most important episode of the War of Independence in the territory of the present day province of Albacete. Their joint study provides specific data on the defensive and offensive military siege tactics during the conflict.","PeriodicalId":42057,"journal":{"name":"Gladius","volume":"37 1","pages":"171-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2017-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43697774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-21DOI: 10.3989/GLADIUS.2016.0001
Marc Gener Moret, D. R. Perona, S. Reyero, Jorge García Cardiel
We present a metallurgical study of weapons of the Iberian Iron Age documented in the high-altitude valley of Jutia (Nerpio-Yeste, Albacete, Spain) integrated in the analysis of their specific archaeological context and as part of our ongoing research about the forms of organization of mountain landscapes during the Iron Age. The results are especially valid in the case of a soliferreum, whose metallographic analysis allows us to characterize the technology of its production process, and a lance tip, whose analysis raises arguments about the complex social life and the various social actions potentially linked to the objects placed in ritual and funerary contexts.
{"title":"Estudio metalúrgico de las armas ibéricas halladas en el valle de Jutia (Nerpio-Yeste, Albacete). Trabajo, armamento, ritual y comunidades de montaña","authors":"Marc Gener Moret, D. R. Perona, S. Reyero, Jorge García Cardiel","doi":"10.3989/GLADIUS.2016.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/GLADIUS.2016.0001","url":null,"abstract":"We present a metallurgical study of weapons of the Iberian Iron Age documented in the high-altitude valley of Jutia (Nerpio-Yeste, Albacete, Spain) integrated in the analysis of their specific archaeological context and as part of our ongoing research about the forms of organization of mountain landscapes during the Iron Age. The results are especially valid in the case of a soliferreum, whose metallographic analysis allows us to characterize the technology of its production process, and a lance tip, whose analysis raises arguments about the complex social life and the various social actions potentially linked to the objects placed in ritual and funerary contexts.","PeriodicalId":42057,"journal":{"name":"Gladius","volume":"36 1","pages":"7-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70058867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-21DOI: 10.3989/GLADIUS.2016.0005
Andoni Llamazares Martín
Sardinia was one of the first places were the Roman Republic established the provincial system, but that did not suppose an effective control over the island. Despite its early conquest, Sardinia was the scene of constant rebellions for centuries, even in imperial times. However, few important men faced these conflicts. Among them, if we can underline somebody during the first stages of the Roman rule, that would be Tiberius Gracchus the Elder, father of the famous tribunes of the plebs, who pacified the island in his consular campaign (177-175 BC). Since the political talent of Gracchus was more recognized than his military skills, we could deduce that his abilities as reformer, administrator and diplomat were keys of his final success in Sardinia , where revolts seem to have had economic grounds.
{"title":"Roma en Sardinia a comienzos del siglo II A. C.: La campaña de Tiberio Graco el Mayor","authors":"Andoni Llamazares Martín","doi":"10.3989/GLADIUS.2016.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/GLADIUS.2016.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Sardinia was one of the first places were the Roman Republic established the provincial system, but that did not suppose an effective control over the island. Despite its early conquest, Sardinia was the scene of constant rebellions for centuries, even in imperial times. However, few important men faced these conflicts. Among them, if we can underline somebody during the first stages of the Roman rule, that would be Tiberius Gracchus the Elder, father of the famous tribunes of the plebs, who pacified the island in his consular campaign (177-175 BC). Since the political talent of Gracchus was more recognized than his military skills, we could deduce that his abilities as reformer, administrator and diplomat were keys of his final success in Sardinia , where revolts seem to have had economic grounds.","PeriodicalId":42057,"journal":{"name":"Gladius","volume":"20 1","pages":"77-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2016-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70059391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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