Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09546545.2022.2062656
A. Ganin
This article analyses the image of General Anatolii Nosovich in the ‘memory wars’ following Russia’s Civil War. Nosovich turned out to be a White agent in the Red Army who opposed the future Soviet leader, Stalin, in Tsaritsyn in the summer of 1918. Yet the image of Nosovich was widely used in the ideological struggle to exalt Stalin. Even after Stalin’s death, his image continued to be used in debates between Stalinists and anti-Stalinists. Statesmen, historians, writers, and directors mentioned Nosovich as they argued endlessly over the true role of Stalin in the history of Russia.
{"title":"A Useful Enemy: General Nosovich in the ‘Memory Wars’","authors":"A. Ganin","doi":"10.1080/09546545.2022.2062656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546545.2022.2062656","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the image of General Anatolii Nosovich in the ‘memory wars’ following Russia’s Civil War. Nosovich turned out to be a White agent in the Red Army who opposed the future Soviet leader, Stalin, in Tsaritsyn in the summer of 1918. Yet the image of Nosovich was widely used in the ideological struggle to exalt Stalin. Even after Stalin’s death, his image continued to be used in debates between Stalinists and anti-Stalinists. Statesmen, historians, writers, and directors mentioned Nosovich as they argued endlessly over the true role of Stalin in the history of Russia.","PeriodicalId":42121,"journal":{"name":"Revolutionary Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48325523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09546545.2022.2071138
Naira Sahakyan
This article investigates debates between religious leaders in Dagestan during the Russian Revolution on the state-building project of imamate. Analysing the attempt of a group of religious leaders led by Najm al-Dīn Gotsinsky to reestablish the Dagestani imamate, the article situates that struggle within the broader context of the Russian Revolution, where the Whiles and the Reds were fighting for the power. As is demonstrated, debates over the imamate hindered any possible consolidation of the Dagestani religious leadership against the Bolsheviks and even, in some cases, pushed them to cooperate with the Bolsheviks, facilitating the latter's victory in Dagestan.
本文调查了俄国革命期间达吉斯坦宗教领袖之间关于伊斯兰教国家建设项目的争论。这篇文章分析了Najm al- d n Gotsinsky领导的一群宗教领袖试图重建达吉斯坦清真寺的尝试，并将这场斗争置于俄国革命的更大背景下，当时自由党和红军正在争夺权力。正如所证明的那样，关于伊玛目的辩论阻碍了达吉斯坦宗教领袖对布尔什维克的任何可能的巩固，甚至在某些情况下，促使他们与布尔什维克合作，促进后者在达吉斯坦的胜利。
{"title":"A Local Face of Revolution: The Confrontation of the Dagestani ‘Ulamā’ over Najm al-Dīn Gotsinsky’s Imamate and the Russian Revolutions of 1917","authors":"Naira Sahakyan","doi":"10.1080/09546545.2022.2071138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546545.2022.2071138","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates debates between religious leaders in Dagestan during the Russian Revolution on the state-building project of imamate. Analysing the attempt of a group of religious leaders led by Najm al-Dīn Gotsinsky to reestablish the Dagestani imamate, the article situates that struggle within the broader context of the Russian Revolution, where the Whiles and the Reds were fighting for the power. As is demonstrated, debates over the imamate hindered any possible consolidation of the Dagestani religious leadership against the Bolsheviks and even, in some cases, pushed them to cooperate with the Bolsheviks, facilitating the latter's victory in Dagestan.","PeriodicalId":42121,"journal":{"name":"Revolutionary Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46669726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09546545.2022.2072699
Timothy K. Blauvelt
Despite his diminished standing as a public intellectual, E. H. Carr (1892–1982) retains a begrudging respect among historians of the Soviet Union and the Russian Revolution. In fact, his nuanced and subjective philosophy of history and commitment to dispassionate empirical research laid a foundation for the revisionist approaches to Soviet history that have since become mainstream in the field. Yet despite his position in the historiographical genealogy, Carr’s actual writings on the history of the USSR often go overlooked. In volume 5 of his History of Soviet Russia, Carr included five character sketches of the leading Bolshevik personalities of the 1920s – Zinoviev, Kamenev, Bukharin, Trotsky, and Stalin. Among these, Carr’s sketch on Stalin gained notoriety as a statement of the ‘circumstantial argument’ that the ‘revolutions from above’ resulted from larger historical forces and that Stalin himself was essentially irrelevant. This essay explores how both the weaknesses and the strengths in Carr’s particular interpretation of Stalin derived from his philosophy of history, and how once liberated from the demands of a strictly causal explanatory framework, Carr’s sketches of the other personalities are an example of a substantial and influential contribution to the field that drew attention to the diversity of outlooks among the leading early Bolsheviks.
{"title":"E. H. Carr’s Revolutionary Personalities","authors":"Timothy K. Blauvelt","doi":"10.1080/09546545.2022.2072699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546545.2022.2072699","url":null,"abstract":"Despite his diminished standing as a public intellectual, E. H. Carr (1892–1982) retains a begrudging respect among historians of the Soviet Union and the Russian Revolution. In fact, his nuanced and subjective philosophy of history and commitment to dispassionate empirical research laid a foundation for the revisionist approaches to Soviet history that have since become mainstream in the field. Yet despite his position in the historiographical genealogy, Carr’s actual writings on the history of the USSR often go overlooked. In volume 5 of his History of Soviet Russia, Carr included five character sketches of the leading Bolshevik personalities of the 1920s – Zinoviev, Kamenev, Bukharin, Trotsky, and Stalin. Among these, Carr’s sketch on Stalin gained notoriety as a statement of the ‘circumstantial argument’ that the ‘revolutions from above’ resulted from larger historical forces and that Stalin himself was essentially irrelevant. This essay explores how both the weaknesses and the strengths in Carr’s particular interpretation of Stalin derived from his philosophy of history, and how once liberated from the demands of a strictly causal explanatory framework, Carr’s sketches of the other personalities are an example of a substantial and influential contribution to the field that drew attention to the diversity of outlooks among the leading early Bolsheviks.","PeriodicalId":42121,"journal":{"name":"Revolutionary Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49570330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09546545.2021.1983938
J. D. White
The article examines the part played by Leon Trotsky in establishing the principles on which Soviet historical writing on the Russian Revolution was carried on, including the practice of making programmatic versions of events universally obligatory. It also investigates the manner in which the respective remits of the two institutions, Istpart and the Institute of Red Professors (IKP), influenced the way the history of the 1917 revolution was presented in the 1920s. The article looks at how Istpart and IKP reacted to the anti-Trotsky campaign and at the debt Trotsky’s History of the Russian Revolution owes to materials produced by the two institutions. It is in the light of the interaction of Trotsky’s History and Soviet historiography that Stalin’s 1931 letter to Proletarskaia revoliutsiia is to be understood.
{"title":"Leon Trotsky and Soviet Historiography of the Russian Revolution (1918–1931)","authors":"J. D. White","doi":"10.1080/09546545.2021.1983938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546545.2021.1983938","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the part played by Leon Trotsky in establishing the principles on which Soviet historical writing on the Russian Revolution was carried on, including the practice of making programmatic versions of events universally obligatory. It also investigates the manner in which the respective remits of the two institutions, Istpart and the Institute of Red Professors (IKP), influenced the way the history of the 1917 revolution was presented in the 1920s. The article looks at how Istpart and IKP reacted to the anti-Trotsky campaign and at the debt Trotsky’s History of the Russian Revolution owes to materials produced by the two institutions. It is in the light of the interaction of Trotsky’s History and Soviet historiography that Stalin’s 1931 letter to Proletarskaia revoliutsiia is to be understood.","PeriodicalId":42121,"journal":{"name":"Revolutionary Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47529071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09546545.2021.1984696
Francis King
{"title":"An Intellectual Biography of N. A. Rozhkov: Life in a Bell Jar","authors":"Francis King","doi":"10.1080/09546545.2021.1984696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546545.2021.1984696","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42121,"journal":{"name":"Revolutionary Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44495198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09546545.2021.1997448
J. Henry
{"title":"Revisioning Stalin and Stalinism: Complexities, Contradictions, and Controversies","authors":"J. Henry","doi":"10.1080/09546545.2021.1997448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546545.2021.1997448","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42121,"journal":{"name":"Revolutionary Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47072831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09546545.2021.1984707
J. Nicholson
{"title":"The State Versus The People: Revolutionary Justice in Russia’s Civil War, 1917-1922","authors":"J. Nicholson","doi":"10.1080/09546545.2021.1984707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546545.2021.1984707","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42121,"journal":{"name":"Revolutionary Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43163548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09546545.2021.1984691
Ian D. Thatcher
{"title":"Peter Alexander Thompson. The Quest for Freedom. A Life of Alexander Kerensky, the Russian Unicorn","authors":"Ian D. Thatcher","doi":"10.1080/09546545.2021.1984691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546545.2021.1984691","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42121,"journal":{"name":"Revolutionary Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46820791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09546545.2021.1995815
E. Mawdsley
This article discusses the writings of Dr Jonathan D. Smele, in particular his research on the Civil War (or civil wars) fought on the territory of the former Russian Empire. It does this in the context of the development of western historiography since the 1930s. The author of this article worked in the same field for many years and has known Smele since he was a postgraduate at the University of Glasgow. Smele's first major book was Civil War in Siberia, and this article pays particular attention to Smele's view of developments in that region, and to his assessment of the local counter-revolutionary leader, Admiral A. V. Kolchak. The article stresses that Smele's work has latterly included an imaginative overview of the Russian crisis of the first quarter of the twentieth century, with insights into historical contingency. Smele's most recent interpretation takes in a longer period than just the three years after the Bolshevik Revolution of October 1917 and goes back to the 1916 uprising in Turkestan and forward to the suppression of the Bas'machi movement in Central Asia in 1926. It assesses Smele's view that what happened cannot be seen simply as ‘one’ civil war or confined to the years 1917-1921. The article also emphasises Smele's unique contribution to the study of these events, however defined, by providing invaluable and comprehensive reference tools, notably his annotated bibliography and his historical dictionary.
{"title":"Jonathan Smele, Admiral Kolchak and the Civil War","authors":"E. Mawdsley","doi":"10.1080/09546545.2021.1995815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546545.2021.1995815","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the writings of Dr Jonathan D. Smele, in particular his research on the Civil War (or civil wars) fought on the territory of the former Russian Empire. It does this in the context of the development of western historiography since the 1930s. The author of this article worked in the same field for many years and has known Smele since he was a postgraduate at the University of Glasgow. Smele's first major book was Civil War in Siberia, and this article pays particular attention to Smele's view of developments in that region, and to his assessment of the local counter-revolutionary leader, Admiral A. V. Kolchak. The article stresses that Smele's work has latterly included an imaginative overview of the Russian crisis of the first quarter of the twentieth century, with insights into historical contingency. Smele's most recent interpretation takes in a longer period than just the three years after the Bolshevik Revolution of October 1917 and goes back to the 1916 uprising in Turkestan and forward to the suppression of the Bas'machi movement in Central Asia in 1926. It assesses Smele's view that what happened cannot be seen simply as ‘one’ civil war or confined to the years 1917-1921. The article also emphasises Smele's unique contribution to the study of these events, however defined, by providing invaluable and comprehensive reference tools, notably his annotated bibliography and his historical dictionary.","PeriodicalId":42121,"journal":{"name":"Revolutionary Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43910961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09546545.2021.1995818
A. Heywood
By defining ‘worker’ to include low-paid white-collar as well as blue-collar staff, and taking a broad definition of industry, this article reveals whereas factory managers increasingly hired blue-collar women during roughly 1895–1914, the situation with women's employment in the railway industry was very different. Railway policy was to restrict numbers tightly and prioritise literate women in certain low-paid mostly white-collar jobs for which men were hard to recruit. Railway policy-makers were influenced by not just enduring patriarchal attitudes, but also military demands together with financial concerns associated with pension rights and retrospective wage increases. At the same time, local labour shortages increasingly forced managers to seek exemptions to the hiring policy or even ignore the restrictions, especially in regions like Central Asia where qualified people of both genders were relatively scarce. The article concludes with some general questions. How typical by that time were the MPS as an employing ministry and state-owned railways as industrial employers? Did hiring policy in state-owned industrial enterprises differ significantly from the private industrial sector? What ishould be understood by the term ‘skilled worker’? And how important are white-collar workers as a category for analysing women's employment in late Tsarist Russia’s industrial economy?
{"title":"Women Workers in Late Imperial Russian Industry: Hiring Policy and Employer Attitudes on the Railways to 1914","authors":"A. Heywood","doi":"10.1080/09546545.2021.1995818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546545.2021.1995818","url":null,"abstract":"By defining ‘worker’ to include low-paid white-collar as well as blue-collar staff, and taking a broad definition of industry, this article reveals whereas factory managers increasingly hired blue-collar women during roughly 1895–1914, the situation with women's employment in the railway industry was very different. Railway policy was to restrict numbers tightly and prioritise literate women in certain low-paid mostly white-collar jobs for which men were hard to recruit. Railway policy-makers were influenced by not just enduring patriarchal attitudes, but also military demands together with financial concerns associated with pension rights and retrospective wage increases. At the same time, local labour shortages increasingly forced managers to seek exemptions to the hiring policy or even ignore the restrictions, especially in regions like Central Asia where qualified people of both genders were relatively scarce. The article concludes with some general questions. How typical by that time were the MPS as an employing ministry and state-owned railways as industrial employers? Did hiring policy in state-owned industrial enterprises differ significantly from the private industrial sector? What ishould be understood by the term ‘skilled worker’? And how important are white-collar workers as a category for analysing women's employment in late Tsarist Russia’s industrial economy?","PeriodicalId":42121,"journal":{"name":"Revolutionary Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48476767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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