Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09546545.2023.2208041
A. Dickins
This article investigates the changing uses of urban space by socialists in the Siberian city of Krasnoiarsk between 1895 and 1905. Drawing on the memoirs of participants and contemporary police and newspaper reports, it reveals a shift in the ‘spatial tactics’ used by socialists, from clandestine ‘circles’ towards open gatherings and protests. These open actions constituted a key part of local revolutionary events in the summer and autumn of 1905 as socialist party activists, joined by workers from the railway workshops, sought to upturn the established political and economic order in the city by seizing and transforming prominent local places. However, at key moments space could be seized back by local authorities and anti-revolutionary groups, forcing socialists to reconsider and further improvise their spatial tactics. The article further highlights the role of the Krasnoiarsk Soviet that was established in December 1905, demonstrating that it contributed to socialists’ efforts to secure access to public space but did not, as previously suggested by some historians, seize outright power in the city.
{"title":"Spaces of Revolution: The Spatial Tactics of Urban Socialism in a Siberian City, c. 1895–1905","authors":"A. Dickins","doi":"10.1080/09546545.2023.2208041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546545.2023.2208041","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the changing uses of urban space by socialists in the Siberian city of Krasnoiarsk between 1895 and 1905. Drawing on the memoirs of participants and contemporary police and newspaper reports, it reveals a shift in the ‘spatial tactics’ used by socialists, from clandestine ‘circles’ towards open gatherings and protests. These open actions constituted a key part of local revolutionary events in the summer and autumn of 1905 as socialist party activists, joined by workers from the railway workshops, sought to upturn the established political and economic order in the city by seizing and transforming prominent local places. However, at key moments space could be seized back by local authorities and anti-revolutionary groups, forcing socialists to reconsider and further improvise their spatial tactics. The article further highlights the role of the Krasnoiarsk Soviet that was established in December 1905, demonstrating that it contributed to socialists’ efforts to secure access to public space but did not, as previously suggested by some historians, seize outright power in the city.","PeriodicalId":42121,"journal":{"name":"Revolutionary Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48401033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09546545.2023.2213512
Soli Shahvar, Anatoly Mishaev
This article studies police reports in Baku province in 1915–16 housed in the State Historical Archive of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The reports written by the detectives of Baku province’s gendarmerie reflect larger trends in Baku’s changing socio-economic and political dynamics during the First World War. The gendarmerie expressed concern that the rising cost of living was hurting the population, especially the working-class in Baku. The reports warn that the economic troubles could make Baku’s population support revolutionary forces. These warnings were gradually realized, especially following the Russian government’s decision in 1916 to divert the railways away from Baku city, resulting in rising food prices and shortages, and even hunger.
{"title":"The Re-Radicalization of Baku Provincial Workers in 1916","authors":"Soli Shahvar, Anatoly Mishaev","doi":"10.1080/09546545.2023.2213512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546545.2023.2213512","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies police reports in Baku province in 1915–16 housed in the State Historical Archive of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The reports written by the detectives of Baku province’s gendarmerie reflect larger trends in Baku’s changing socio-economic and political dynamics during the First World War. The gendarmerie expressed concern that the rising cost of living was hurting the population, especially the working-class in Baku. The reports warn that the economic troubles could make Baku’s population support revolutionary forces. These warnings were gradually realized, especially following the Russian government’s decision in 1916 to divert the railways away from Baku city, resulting in rising food prices and shortages, and even hunger.","PeriodicalId":42121,"journal":{"name":"Revolutionary Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41427303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09546545.2023.2204651
W. Clark
{"title":"Larry Holmes. Revisiting the Revolution: The Unmaking of Russia's Official History of 1917","authors":"W. Clark","doi":"10.1080/09546545.2023.2204651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546545.2023.2204651","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42121,"journal":{"name":"Revolutionary Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46531392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09546545.2023.2210427
Burak Sayim
This article focuses on travels undertaken by future students of the Communist University of the Toilers of the East (KUTV). It puts the experience ‘on the road’ on the map of the transnational world of the Cominternians as a quintessential part of the interwar communist experience. The article sets the backdrop with the initial expectations of the students. Then it discusses the hardships that KUTVians had to endure in their journey and its effect. Finally, it reconstructs the travel experience as a rite of passage towards the Cominternian militant habitus and as a site of political transformation.
{"title":"Of Transits and Transitions: Moscow-Bound Travels of Foreign Communists as a Transformative Experience, 1919–1939","authors":"Burak Sayim","doi":"10.1080/09546545.2023.2210427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546545.2023.2210427","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on travels undertaken by future students of the Communist University of the Toilers of the East (KUTV). It puts the experience ‘on the road’ on the map of the transnational world of the Cominternians as a quintessential part of the interwar communist experience. The article sets the backdrop with the initial expectations of the students. Then it discusses the hardships that KUTVians had to endure in their journey and its effect. Finally, it reconstructs the travel experience as a rite of passage towards the Cominternian militant habitus and as a site of political transformation.","PeriodicalId":42121,"journal":{"name":"Revolutionary Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43931736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-05DOI: 10.1080/09546545.2022.2127227
Adrianne K. Jacobs
Published in Revolutionary Russia (Vol. 35, No. 2, 2022)
《革命的俄国》(一九二二年第三十五卷第二期)
{"title":"Whites and Reds: A History of Wine in the Lands of Tsar and Commissar","authors":"Adrianne K. Jacobs","doi":"10.1080/09546545.2022.2127227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546545.2022.2127227","url":null,"abstract":"Published in Revolutionary Russia (Vol. 35, No. 2, 2022)","PeriodicalId":42121,"journal":{"name":"Revolutionary Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09546545.2022.2156165
N. Borys
This article explores the negotiations for the restitution of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth archives to the Second Polish Republic by the Soviet Union as stipulated in the Riga Treaty of 1921. The Soviet authorities in the 1920s were in a weak position to negotiate advantageous conditions, and agreed to the restitution of all archives, libraries, and art collections looted after 1772, the year of the first partition of Poland. It was a huge number of archives to deliver. The Poles were effectively organized; they fought for every archival document, sending renowned experts and utilizing their networks in the Soviet Union. Less qualified and bound by the Riga Treaty, the Soviet authorities managed, nevertheless, to keep the most important archives, namely the Lithuanian and the Polish Crown Metrica, as well as the Kyiv Central Archives. Being financially ruined, the Soviet authorities proceeded to sort through the archives, removing all archival documents that could be used to further financial claims. The Poles, on the contrary, abandoned financial claims and proved to be skilful negotiators. These efforts demonstrated the importance of their looted archives and libraries as the heritage of the Polish nation at a time when the Polish state was being reconstituted.
{"title":"The Riga Treaty of 1921 and the Long Archival Negotiation","authors":"N. Borys","doi":"10.1080/09546545.2022.2156165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546545.2022.2156165","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the negotiations for the restitution of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth archives to the Second Polish Republic by the Soviet Union as stipulated in the Riga Treaty of 1921. The Soviet authorities in the 1920s were in a weak position to negotiate advantageous conditions, and agreed to the restitution of all archives, libraries, and art collections looted after 1772, the year of the first partition of Poland. It was a huge number of archives to deliver. The Poles were effectively organized; they fought for every archival document, sending renowned experts and utilizing their networks in the Soviet Union. Less qualified and bound by the Riga Treaty, the Soviet authorities managed, nevertheless, to keep the most important archives, namely the Lithuanian and the Polish Crown Metrica, as well as the Kyiv Central Archives. Being financially ruined, the Soviet authorities proceeded to sort through the archives, removing all archival documents that could be used to further financial claims. The Poles, on the contrary, abandoned financial claims and proved to be skilful negotiators. These efforts demonstrated the importance of their looted archives and libraries as the heritage of the Polish nation at a time when the Polish state was being reconstituted.","PeriodicalId":42121,"journal":{"name":"Revolutionary Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45409706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09546545.2023.2167686
P. Whitewood
This article examines the Bolshevik Party’s efforts to radicalize tens of thousands of Polish prisoners of war (POWs) held in makeshift prison camps across Soviet Russia in the aftermath of the Soviet-Polish War of 1919−20. The end goal was to create a new cadre of Polish revolutionaries to agitate for revolutionary change on repatriation. These propaganda efforts were almost entirely undermined by a series of everyday problems from rudimentary camp living conditions and violence against prisoners to disease and ineffective leadership by Soviet institutions. This article will show, however, that as part of these efforts, the Bolsheviks committed to safeguarding POW welfare, mirroring international standards set by the Hague conventions, even if this was primarily designed to better cultivate revolutionaries and was rarely met in practice. In a comparative sense, therefore, the everyday lives of Polish POWs and their management by Soviet authorities did not markedly differ from the POW experience across Europe, where other governments likewise made claims about safeguarding welfare and often failed to deliver. Contrary to existing interpretations of early Soviet POW camps, which present these as unique stepping-stones to the future Stalinist GULAG, this article shows stronger continuities with past practices.
{"title":"Failing to Create Revolutionaries: Polish POWs in Soviet Captivity, 1920–21","authors":"P. Whitewood","doi":"10.1080/09546545.2023.2167686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546545.2023.2167686","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the Bolshevik Party’s efforts to radicalize tens of thousands of Polish prisoners of war (POWs) held in makeshift prison camps across Soviet Russia in the aftermath of the Soviet-Polish War of 1919−20. The end goal was to create a new cadre of Polish revolutionaries to agitate for revolutionary change on repatriation. These propaganda efforts were almost entirely undermined by a series of everyday problems from rudimentary camp living conditions and violence against prisoners to disease and ineffective leadership by Soviet institutions. This article will show, however, that as part of these efforts, the Bolsheviks committed to safeguarding POW welfare, mirroring international standards set by the Hague conventions, even if this was primarily designed to better cultivate revolutionaries and was rarely met in practice. In a comparative sense, therefore, the everyday lives of Polish POWs and their management by Soviet authorities did not markedly differ from the POW experience across Europe, where other governments likewise made claims about safeguarding welfare and often failed to deliver. Contrary to existing interpretations of early Soviet POW camps, which present these as unique stepping-stones to the future Stalinist GULAG, this article shows stronger continuities with past practices.","PeriodicalId":42121,"journal":{"name":"Revolutionary Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43011154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09546545.2022.2171551
A. Zamoiski
This article explores the Bolsheviks’ social and economic policies towards Polish rural communities in the Belarussian Soviet Socialist Republic (the BSSR) during the transition from the New Economic Policy (NEP) to forced collectivization. The article focuses on how the Soviet apparatus and its propaganda actively promoted kolkhozes among Polish peasants. To combat so-called bourgeois classes, the Soviet authorities methodically drove out Polish landlords and wealthy peasants from all forms of social and economic life. In 1930, during mass collectivization and so-called dekulakization, Polish families were subjected to deportation from Soviet Belarus. Forced collectivization also saw attacks on the Roman Catholic Church. The authorities established a few Polish collective farms to attract Polish peasants to collectivization, but they were not popular among the peasants.
{"title":"The Polish Peasantry in Soviet Belarus: From the NEP to Collectivization (1924–1930)","authors":"A. Zamoiski","doi":"10.1080/09546545.2022.2171551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546545.2022.2171551","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the Bolsheviks’ social and economic policies towards Polish rural communities in the Belarussian Soviet Socialist Republic (the BSSR) during the transition from the New Economic Policy (NEP) to forced collectivization. The article focuses on how the Soviet apparatus and its propaganda actively promoted kolkhozes among Polish peasants. To combat so-called bourgeois classes, the Soviet authorities methodically drove out Polish landlords and wealthy peasants from all forms of social and economic life. In 1930, during mass collectivization and so-called dekulakization, Polish families were subjected to deportation from Soviet Belarus. Forced collectivization also saw attacks on the Roman Catholic Church. The authorities established a few Polish collective farms to attract Polish peasants to collectivization, but they were not popular among the peasants.","PeriodicalId":42121,"journal":{"name":"Revolutionary Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47683800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09546545.2022.2127224
Olena Palko
The collection of documents under review consists of unique sources from regional archives and private collections dealing with Jewish experiences in southern Ukraine during the 1930s and early 1940s. The collection concentrates on the history of Stalindorf Jewish national autonomous raion (district), formed in 1930 as part of the koreni- zatsiia policies aimed to reach out to Ukraine ’ s numerous ethnic communities and assist the process of their sovietization. The collection features previously unpublished documents from the State Archive of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast ’ (DADO) and the Archive of Ukraine ’ s Security Services in Dnipro. In addition, the volume includes material from Trybuna , the propaganda journal published by OZET (Society for Settling Toiling Jews on the Land) during 1928 – 1937. Most notably, it features oral interviews with Jewish inhabitants of Stalindorf district and photos from the family archives gathered by the editor Albert Venger during
{"title":"Stalindorfs'kyi raion: dokumenty i materialy","authors":"Olena Palko","doi":"10.1080/09546545.2022.2127224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546545.2022.2127224","url":null,"abstract":"The collection of documents under review consists of unique sources from regional archives and private collections dealing with Jewish experiences in southern Ukraine during the 1930s and early 1940s. The collection concentrates on the history of Stalindorf Jewish national autonomous raion (district), formed in 1930 as part of the koreni- zatsiia policies aimed to reach out to Ukraine ’ s numerous ethnic communities and assist the process of their sovietization. The collection features previously unpublished documents from the State Archive of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast ’ (DADO) and the Archive of Ukraine ’ s Security Services in Dnipro. In addition, the volume includes material from Trybuna , the propaganda journal published by OZET (Society for Settling Toiling Jews on the Land) during 1928 – 1937. Most notably, it features oral interviews with Jewish inhabitants of Stalindorf district and photos from the family archives gathered by the editor Albert Venger during","PeriodicalId":42121,"journal":{"name":"Revolutionary Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43536656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09546545.2022.2127226
A. Ganin
{"title":"The Russian Civil War, 1918–1921. An Operational-Strategic Sketch of the Red Army’s Combat Operations","authors":"A. Ganin","doi":"10.1080/09546545.2022.2127226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09546545.2022.2127226","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42121,"journal":{"name":"Revolutionary Russia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46813668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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