Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666908
Guangchao Geng, Q. Jiang, V. Ajjarapu
Transient stability constrained optimal power flow (TSCOPF) is one the most computational-intensive applications in power systems. Research efforts were made to utilize high performance computing (HPC) technology to parallelize and accelerate TSCOPF solving process, but challenges still exist in performance analysis to identify bottlenecks and improve efficiency on practical HPC platforms such as Beowulf clusters. Based on first two authors' previous work [8, 12] - two-level parallel TSCOPF with reduced-space interior point method (RIPM), a systematic performance analysis approach is demonstrated in this paper. Comprehensive performance analysis procedures - wall time analysis, MPI/OpenMP profiling and tracing - is employed in order to discover performance bottlenecks. State-of-the-art performance analysis software are employed to generate and visualize performance data, providing guidelines for parallel performance enhancement. Numerical results on a 2746-bus system show effectiveness of the proposed approach and relative low overhead in solving large-scale multi-contingency TSCOPF on a Beowulf cluster.
{"title":"Performance analysis for two-level parallel transient stability constrained optimal power flow","authors":"Guangchao Geng, Q. Jiang, V. Ajjarapu","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666908","url":null,"abstract":"Transient stability constrained optimal power flow (TSCOPF) is one the most computational-intensive applications in power systems. Research efforts were made to utilize high performance computing (HPC) technology to parallelize and accelerate TSCOPF solving process, but challenges still exist in performance analysis to identify bottlenecks and improve efficiency on practical HPC platforms such as Beowulf clusters. Based on first two authors' previous work [8, 12] - two-level parallel TSCOPF with reduced-space interior point method (RIPM), a systematic performance analysis approach is demonstrated in this paper. Comprehensive performance analysis procedures - wall time analysis, MPI/OpenMP profiling and tracing - is employed in order to discover performance bottlenecks. State-of-the-art performance analysis software are employed to generate and visualize performance data, providing guidelines for parallel performance enhancement. Numerical results on a 2746-bus system show effectiveness of the proposed approach and relative low overhead in solving large-scale multi-contingency TSCOPF on a Beowulf cluster.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122193959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666838
F. Benhamida, I. Ziane, S. Souag, A. Graa, B. Dehiba
This paper presents a comparative analysis study of an efficient and reliable quadratic programming (QP) with and without ramp rate limit constraints to solve dynamic economic load dispatch (DELD) problem without considering transmission losses in a power system. The proposed QP method takes care of different unit and system constraints to find optimal solution. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed QP solution, simulations have been performed using 18-unit system. Results obtained with the QP method have been compared with other existing relevant approaches available in literatures. Experimental results show a proficiency of the QP method over other existing techniques in terms of robustness and its optimal search.
{"title":"Solving dynamic economic load dispatch with ramp rate limit using quadratic programming","authors":"F. Benhamida, I. Ziane, S. Souag, A. Graa, B. Dehiba","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666838","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comparative analysis study of an efficient and reliable quadratic programming (QP) with and without ramp rate limit constraints to solve dynamic economic load dispatch (DELD) problem without considering transmission losses in a power system. The proposed QP method takes care of different unit and system constraints to find optimal solution. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed QP solution, simulations have been performed using 18-unit system. Results obtained with the QP method have been compared with other existing relevant approaches available in literatures. Experimental results show a proficiency of the QP method over other existing techniques in terms of robustness and its optimal search.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130981114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666856
Duehee Lee, R. Baldick
The purpose of this paper is to synthesize sample paths of wind power from a wind farm in a certain location by considering the wind power variability in that location. In order to achieve this purpose, factors driving wind power variability are extracted from wind power time series through factor analysis. Then, wind farms with similar factor loadings are clustered through an agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis. In those two processes, the number of factors and clusters are decided heuristically. The seasonal variation of wind farm clusters is also analyzed, and the relative variability among wind farms is plotted in a dendrogram of wind farm clusters. The factor loadings and statistical characteristics of wind power in the selected cluster are used to synthesize the future sample path of a wind farm in that cluster. Finally, the synthesized wind power is verified by testing whether the distribution of the minute by minute difference between wind power data follows the Laplace distribution.
{"title":"Synthesis of sample paths of wind power through factor analysis & cluster analysis","authors":"Duehee Lee, R. Baldick","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666856","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to synthesize sample paths of wind power from a wind farm in a certain location by considering the wind power variability in that location. In order to achieve this purpose, factors driving wind power variability are extracted from wind power time series through factor analysis. Then, wind farms with similar factor loadings are clustered through an agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis. In those two processes, the number of factors and clusters are decided heuristically. The seasonal variation of wind farm clusters is also analyzed, and the relative variability among wind farms is plotted in a dendrogram of wind farm clusters. The factor loadings and statistical characteristics of wind power in the selected cluster are used to synthesize the future sample path of a wind farm in that cluster. Finally, the synthesized wind power is verified by testing whether the distribution of the minute by minute difference between wind power data follows the Laplace distribution.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134543528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666850
C. Lan
Electric current fluctuates constantly in the circuit due to uncertainty of demand and load on the grid, as well as other factors. The current variation imposes significant effects on ampacity along the circuit, but is largely ignored. Users are advised to select “next size up” wire to address such an issue empirically. Whether this empirical rule ensures safe installation of wire and equipment is questionable. This study starts with the Neher and McGrath (NM) formulation and derives uncertainty of the operating temperature. Using the reliability constraint on the rated temperature, the uncertainty expression is substituted back to the NM equation to solve for the maximum current. The result is a stochastic version of the NM equation, which can be used to derive the derated ampacity for overcurrent protection. A comparison of the existing NEC tabulated ampacity values indicates that, depending on the degree of current variation, the “next size up” rule may not be sufficient.
{"title":"Enhance Neher-McGrath formulation to model current uncertainty","authors":"C. Lan","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666850","url":null,"abstract":"Electric current fluctuates constantly in the circuit due to uncertainty of demand and load on the grid, as well as other factors. The current variation imposes significant effects on ampacity along the circuit, but is largely ignored. Users are advised to select “next size up” wire to address such an issue empirically. Whether this empirical rule ensures safe installation of wire and equipment is questionable. This study starts with the Neher and McGrath (NM) formulation and derives uncertainty of the operating temperature. Using the reliability constraint on the rated temperature, the uncertainty expression is substituted back to the NM equation to solve for the maximum current. The result is a stochastic version of the NM equation, which can be used to derive the derated ampacity for overcurrent protection. A comparison of the existing NEC tabulated ampacity values indicates that, depending on the degree of current variation, the “next size up” rule may not be sufficient.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134633474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666938
W. Hubbi, Yan Wang, Wenbo Zhang
This paper discusses variation of the inductive reactance of ACSR conductors due to temperature. An estimate of this variation is presented. The 14-bus system is used to obtain an estimate of the effect of the expected reactance variation in the line flows. It is found that the average of the change in line currents is less is 3.6%, but the maximum change in a line is more than 14% in most cases. The average change in the reactive power flow is more than 21%.
{"title":"Effects of inductance variations due to temperature on load-flow results","authors":"W. Hubbi, Yan Wang, Wenbo Zhang","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666938","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses variation of the inductive reactance of ACSR conductors due to temperature. An estimate of this variation is presented. The 14-bus system is used to obtain an estimate of the effect of the expected reactance variation in the line flows. It is found that the average of the change in line currents is less is 3.6%, but the maximum change in a line is more than 14% in most cases. The average change in the reactive power flow is more than 21%.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129357695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666894
M. Khanabadi, S. Kamalasadan
This paper propose a method for day-ahead optimization of distribution system with Distributed Energy Resources (DER's) and energy storage devices that allows a) increase market efficiency and b) damping the variations of DER's. The objective is to utilize energy storage to damp the variations in the grid considering market price and to increase the grid efficiency. First, the implementation of day-ahead optimization that will determine which generation unit including DER's should be utilized using next 24 hour load taking into consideration of renewable energy generation forecasting is discussed. Next, the utilization of energy storage to damp the energy variations in the grid is evaluated. The problem is formulated as Nonlinear Programming (NLP) with the objective of maximizing the social welfare of the grid. The results shows that the proposed method can successfully fulfill the overall objectives.
{"title":"Day ahead scheduling of distribution system with Distributed Energy Resources considering demand response and energy storage","authors":"M. Khanabadi, S. Kamalasadan","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666894","url":null,"abstract":"This paper propose a method for day-ahead optimization of distribution system with Distributed Energy Resources (DER's) and energy storage devices that allows a) increase market efficiency and b) damping the variations of DER's. The objective is to utilize energy storage to damp the variations in the grid considering market price and to increase the grid efficiency. First, the implementation of day-ahead optimization that will determine which generation unit including DER's should be utilized using next 24 hour load taking into consideration of renewable energy generation forecasting is discussed. Next, the utilization of energy storage to damp the energy variations in the grid is evaluated. The problem is formulated as Nonlinear Programming (NLP) with the objective of maximizing the social welfare of the grid. The results shows that the proposed method can successfully fulfill the overall objectives.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116404886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666877
I. Krad, D. Gao
The electric power system is under rapid development under the context of smart grid. As electric demand evolves, the power system must evolve too. New loads in the system are changing the ways system operators ensure system security. One such load recently attracting attention are plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Seen as the stepping stone to an all electric transportation sector, PHEVs are expected to significantly penetrate the distribution system in the foreseeable future. PHEVs offer unique challenges to system operators. Not only are they additional loads on the system, but PHEVs with vehicle to grid functionality can also behave as distributed generators. PHEVs can potentially offer ancillary services such as contingency reserves for the system operator. This paper will investigate the potential of PHEVs in providing contingency reserves. Analysis will be completed using mixed integer programming solved via the commercially available software AIMMS.
{"title":"Impact of PHEV on reserve scheduling: A MILP-SCUC method","authors":"I. Krad, D. Gao","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666877","url":null,"abstract":"The electric power system is under rapid development under the context of smart grid. As electric demand evolves, the power system must evolve too. New loads in the system are changing the ways system operators ensure system security. One such load recently attracting attention are plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Seen as the stepping stone to an all electric transportation sector, PHEVs are expected to significantly penetrate the distribution system in the foreseeable future. PHEVs offer unique challenges to system operators. Not only are they additional loads on the system, but PHEVs with vehicle to grid functionality can also behave as distributed generators. PHEVs can potentially offer ancillary services such as contingency reserves for the system operator. This paper will investigate the potential of PHEVs in providing contingency reserves. Analysis will be completed using mixed integer programming solved via the commercially available software AIMMS.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122138213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666921
G. Thompson, C. Li, Muhong Zhang, K. Hedman
In this paper, two pricing mechanisms in electricity markets are studied, the locational marginal price (LMP) and the extended locational marginal price (ELMP). The effects of these two pricing mechanisms are compared with regards to the allocation of the market surplus between generators and loads. The two pricing mechanisms are also analyzed with regards to the required uplift payments. The results confirm that uplift payments are reduced under the ELMP pricing mechanism. However, ELMP does not appropriately represent the marginal market clearing price for the market dispatch solution.
{"title":"The effects of extended locational marginal pricing in wholesale electricity markets","authors":"G. Thompson, C. Li, Muhong Zhang, K. Hedman","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666921","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, two pricing mechanisms in electricity markets are studied, the locational marginal price (LMP) and the extended locational marginal price (ELMP). The effects of these two pricing mechanisms are compared with regards to the allocation of the market surplus between generators and loads. The two pricing mechanisms are also analyzed with regards to the required uplift payments. The results confirm that uplift payments are reduced under the ELMP pricing mechanism. However, ELMP does not appropriately represent the marginal market clearing price for the market dispatch solution.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127946402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666840
Ryohei Suzuki, Y. Yoshioka, C. Nakazawa, A. Harada, T. Kojima
This paper proposes a FPGA-based hybrid real-time simulator (HRTS) utilizing a new coupling method for an analog-digital interface. The proposed method is called “current-current coupling method”. By means of the proposed method, current flows in the digital simulator are represented with a current source in the analog simulator, and current flows in the analog simulator are represented with a virtual current source in the digital simulator. The current-current coupling method is effective to reduce the influence of the delay time of the analog-digital interface. In order to verify the effectiveness of our proposed method, the digital model of a synchronous generator is configured into a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and is connected to the simply simulated power system in the analog simulator. The stability of the proposed coupling method and the accuracy of the transient simulation of the synchronous generator can be demonstrated.
{"title":"Development of a new coupling method for analog-digital hybrid real-time power system simulator","authors":"Ryohei Suzuki, Y. Yoshioka, C. Nakazawa, A. Harada, T. Kojima","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666840","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a FPGA-based hybrid real-time simulator (HRTS) utilizing a new coupling method for an analog-digital interface. The proposed method is called “current-current coupling method”. By means of the proposed method, current flows in the digital simulator are represented with a current source in the analog simulator, and current flows in the analog simulator are represented with a virtual current source in the digital simulator. The current-current coupling method is effective to reduce the influence of the delay time of the analog-digital interface. In order to verify the effectiveness of our proposed method, the digital model of a synchronous generator is configured into a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and is connected to the simply simulated power system in the analog simulator. The stability of the proposed coupling method and the accuracy of the transient simulation of the synchronous generator can be demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127662163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666834
Askhat Tokombayev, G. Heydt
This paper addresses the subject of transmission expansion. A relatively new technology, high temperature low sag (HTLS), is considered for overhead transmission. HTLS conductors have high ampacity, but also high cost. The paper outlines the favorable and unfavorable characteristics of HTLS conductors. The portion of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) system in the state of Arizona is used as a test bed. The summer peak 2012 loading data are used. The case considered is the expected integration of large scale solar generation resources.
{"title":"High temperature low sag (HTLS) technologies as upgrades for overhead transmission systems","authors":"Askhat Tokombayev, G. Heydt","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666834","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the subject of transmission expansion. A relatively new technology, high temperature low sag (HTLS), is considered for overhead transmission. HTLS conductors have high ampacity, but also high cost. The paper outlines the favorable and unfavorable characteristics of HTLS conductors. The portion of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) system in the state of Arizona is used as a test bed. The summer peak 2012 loading data are used. The case considered is the expected integration of large scale solar generation resources.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115114277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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