Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666925
S. Pahwa, D. Weerasinghe, C. Scoglio, R. Miller
The use of distributed energy is gaining more importance with the advent of the smart grid, challenges of power transfer over long distances and the need to be secure and independent in energy production. In this paper, we present an analytical method, using electrical centrality, to determine the locations and sizes of distributed generators to be placed in the distribution system. Electrical centrality is a metric used in the topological analysis of power systems, that differentiates the electrical structure of the system from its topological structure. It uses the Zbus matrix of the distribution system to determine which nodes are electrically more central to the system and indicates them as the best locations for the placement of distributed generators, with the size of the generator related to the centrality of the node but decided by exhaustive search. It is assumed that all the generation is supplied through distributed generators. We obtain the results for the 12-, 33-, and 69-node distribution systems using this method. The results indicate that the locations indicated by electrical centrality are either the end nodes or nodes closer to the end nodes in the different branches of the networks. Generally, the end nodes are the ones where the voltage drops. As a result, this placement of distributed generators definitely corrects the voltage profile. This placement successfully makes the overall system losses very small as is seen from the optimal power flow solution obtained before and after the distributed generator placement.
{"title":"A complex networks approach for sizing and siting of distributed generators in the distribution system","authors":"S. Pahwa, D. Weerasinghe, C. Scoglio, R. Miller","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666925","url":null,"abstract":"The use of distributed energy is gaining more importance with the advent of the smart grid, challenges of power transfer over long distances and the need to be secure and independent in energy production. In this paper, we present an analytical method, using electrical centrality, to determine the locations and sizes of distributed generators to be placed in the distribution system. Electrical centrality is a metric used in the topological analysis of power systems, that differentiates the electrical structure of the system from its topological structure. It uses the Zbus matrix of the distribution system to determine which nodes are electrically more central to the system and indicates them as the best locations for the placement of distributed generators, with the size of the generator related to the centrality of the node but decided by exhaustive search. It is assumed that all the generation is supplied through distributed generators. We obtain the results for the 12-, 33-, and 69-node distribution systems using this method. The results indicate that the locations indicated by electrical centrality are either the end nodes or nodes closer to the end nodes in the different branches of the networks. Generally, the end nodes are the ones where the voltage drops. As a result, this placement of distributed generators definitely corrects the voltage profile. This placement successfully makes the overall system losses very small as is seen from the optimal power flow solution obtained before and after the distributed generator placement.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133859008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666862
Po-Chen Chen, V. Malbasa, M. Kezunovic
This paper presents an overall analysis of how the penetration of distributed generation in low-voltage secondary distribution networks affects voltage stability. It is critical that the voltage collapse point be carefully studied under different system operating points to prevent degradation of service. System components have been sophisticatedly modeled in ATP/EMTP. DGs are allocated in a probabilistic fashion to account for uncertainties in future allocation. A large number of experiments under both light and peak load conditions have been carried out to provide realistic results. Results indicate that voltage stability is positively correlated with penetration of DG, but large induction type DG may lower the voltage stability margin.
{"title":"Analysis of voltage stability issues with distributed generation penetration in distribution networks","authors":"Po-Chen Chen, V. Malbasa, M. Kezunovic","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666862","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an overall analysis of how the penetration of distributed generation in low-voltage secondary distribution networks affects voltage stability. It is critical that the voltage collapse point be carefully studied under different system operating points to prevent degradation of service. System components have been sophisticatedly modeled in ATP/EMTP. DGs are allocated in a probabilistic fashion to account for uncertainties in future allocation. A large number of experiments under both light and peak load conditions have been carried out to provide realistic results. Results indicate that voltage stability is positively correlated with penetration of DG, but large induction type DG may lower the voltage stability margin.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"2020 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115869400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666939
R. Cabral, D. Gazzana, R. Leborgne, A. Bretas, G. Dias, D. Schwanz, M. Telló
This paper presents a study of the behavior of distribution feeders against lightning, where the magnitude of the surge caused by this phenomenon is calculated. The feeder model and the lightning phenomena have been implemented in the electromagnetic transients program ATP-Draw. The magnitudes of the surges are obtained by numerical simulations in this program. Simulations were performed for cases where the lightning impacts the wire-guard or the phase conductor. A sensitivity study to establish the parameters that influence the maximum values of the surge is also performed. The model is applied to a rural distribution line in southern Brazil, where very often lightning causes insulation failure and power cuts. The results show how to improve the feeder protection in order to enhance the level of system reliability.
{"title":"Effect of shielding and grounding on lightning performance of 23kV distribution feeders","authors":"R. Cabral, D. Gazzana, R. Leborgne, A. Bretas, G. Dias, D. Schwanz, M. Telló","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666939","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a study of the behavior of distribution feeders against lightning, where the magnitude of the surge caused by this phenomenon is calculated. The feeder model and the lightning phenomena have been implemented in the electromagnetic transients program ATP-Draw. The magnitudes of the surges are obtained by numerical simulations in this program. Simulations were performed for cases where the lightning impacts the wire-guard or the phase conductor. A sensitivity study to establish the parameters that influence the maximum values of the surge is also performed. The model is applied to a rural distribution line in southern Brazil, where very often lightning causes insulation failure and power cuts. The results show how to improve the feeder protection in order to enhance the level of system reliability.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124213077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666937
V. Dawar, B. Lesieutre, T. Holloway
Power plants contribute substantially to fine particulate pollution which results in hazardous environmental effects. Air quality can be improved by relocation of real power output between power plants. However, this relocation should include spatial, temporal and chemical effects that contribute towards formation of particulate matter. This paper presents a novel air quality constrained optimal power flow which implicitly includes locational, temporal and chemical aspects. A quadratic response surface of an air quality model is included as an environmental constraint in a DC optimal power flow (OPF). Simulation results on an equivalent model of North Eastern Power Coordinating Council (NPCC) demonstrates the successful implementation of the model to reduce particulate matter at an arbitrary location and time period (NY state) on 14th July 2005.
{"title":"An optimal power flow with a quadratic environmental constraint using partial least squares technique","authors":"V. Dawar, B. Lesieutre, T. Holloway","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666937","url":null,"abstract":"Power plants contribute substantially to fine particulate pollution which results in hazardous environmental effects. Air quality can be improved by relocation of real power output between power plants. However, this relocation should include spatial, temporal and chemical effects that contribute towards formation of particulate matter. This paper presents a novel air quality constrained optimal power flow which implicitly includes locational, temporal and chemical aspects. A quadratic response surface of an air quality model is included as an environmental constraint in a DC optimal power flow (OPF). Simulation results on an equivalent model of North Eastern Power Coordinating Council (NPCC) demonstrates the successful implementation of the model to reduce particulate matter at an arbitrary location and time period (NY state) on 14th July 2005.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124458990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666865
G. Gutiérrez-Alcaraz, Ana C. Nunez-Ponce
A proper assessment of the uncertainties resulting from the behavior of Generation Companies (GenCos) in wholesale electricity auctions helps to determine the best strategic bidding strategy. This paper proposes to optimize bidding strategies using interval arithmetic (IA). The resulting optimization problem is a multi-objective problem (MOP) which is solved by using the ε-constraint method. The new technique provides insights into market behavior with repeated bidding.
{"title":"Strategic Generation Companies bidding with uncertainty using interval arithmetic","authors":"G. Gutiérrez-Alcaraz, Ana C. Nunez-Ponce","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666865","url":null,"abstract":"A proper assessment of the uncertainties resulting from the behavior of Generation Companies (GenCos) in wholesale electricity auctions helps to determine the best strategic bidding strategy. This paper proposes to optimize bidding strategies using interval arithmetic (IA). The resulting optimization problem is a multi-objective problem (MOP) which is solved by using the ε-constraint method. The new technique provides insights into market behavior with repeated bidding.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130140655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666887
Eric Galvan, G. Gutiérrez-Alcaraz
This paper discusses an approach for modeling a two-phase short-term scheduling with intermittent renewable resources and storage. The first-phase is the day-ahead model which determines the unit commitment operational decisions and feeds them into the second-phase which is a real-time economic dispatch. The model is applied to a case study of a sixteen-bus test system that uses real-time data with a sampling time of five minutes. The results indicate that the application of wind/ESS can impact the overall power losses, peak load reductions, and the commitment of expensive thermal units.
{"title":"Two-phase short-term scheduling with renewable energy resources and storage","authors":"Eric Galvan, G. Gutiérrez-Alcaraz","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666887","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses an approach for modeling a two-phase short-term scheduling with intermittent renewable resources and storage. The first-phase is the day-ahead model which determines the unit commitment operational decisions and feeds them into the second-phase which is a real-time economic dispatch. The model is applied to a case study of a sixteen-bus test system that uses real-time data with a sampling time of five minutes. The results indicate that the application of wind/ESS can impact the overall power losses, peak load reductions, and the commitment of expensive thermal units.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125668785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666835
N. Ainsworth, S. Grijalva
This paper discusses a proposed frequency-restoration controller which operates as an outer loop to frequency droop for voltage-source inverters. By quasi-equilibrium analysis, we show that the proposed controller is able to provide arbitrarily small steady-state frequency error while maintaing power sharing between inverters without need for communication or centralized control. We derive rate of convergence, discuss design considerations (including a fundamental trade-off that must be made in design), present a design procedure to meet a maximum frequency error requirement, and show simulation results verifying our analysis and design method. The proposed controller will allow flexible plug-and-play inverter-based networks to meet a specified maximum frequency error requirement.
{"title":"Design and quasi-equilibrium analysis of a distributed frequency-restoration controller for inverter-based microgrids","authors":"N. Ainsworth, S. Grijalva","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666835","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses a proposed frequency-restoration controller which operates as an outer loop to frequency droop for voltage-source inverters. By quasi-equilibrium analysis, we show that the proposed controller is able to provide arbitrarily small steady-state frequency error while maintaing power sharing between inverters without need for communication or centralized control. We derive rate of convergence, discuss design considerations (including a fundamental trade-off that must be made in design), present a design procedure to meet a maximum frequency error requirement, and show simulation results verifying our analysis and design method. The proposed controller will allow flexible plug-and-play inverter-based networks to meet a specified maximum frequency error requirement.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128997887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666904
M. Moeini‐Aghtaie, A. Abbaspour, M. Fotuhi‐Firuzabad, P. Dehghanian
This paper investigates the main features of the PHEV centralized and decentralized charging control mechanisms, their requirements and also impacts on distribution system performance. A home-based charging control scenario as well as a coordinated charging control algorithm for the charging management of PHEVs is devised in this paper. Both the owner preferences and system operator concerns are taken into consideration in an optimization-based framework. The total network losses and charging costs are set as the constraints to the proposed optimization approach. Various aspects of the two mechanisms are discussed and comprehensively compared by their application on the IEEE 34-bus test system. The obtained results and discussions offered demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the proposed approach in real world.
{"title":"PHEVs centralized/decentralized charging control mechanisms: Requirements and impacts","authors":"M. Moeini‐Aghtaie, A. Abbaspour, M. Fotuhi‐Firuzabad, P. Dehghanian","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666904","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the main features of the PHEV centralized and decentralized charging control mechanisms, their requirements and also impacts on distribution system performance. A home-based charging control scenario as well as a coordinated charging control algorithm for the charging management of PHEVs is devised in this paper. Both the owner preferences and system operator concerns are taken into consideration in an optimization-based framework. The total network losses and charging costs are set as the constraints to the proposed optimization approach. Various aspects of the two mechanisms are discussed and comprehensively compared by their application on the IEEE 34-bus test system. The obtained results and discussions offered demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the proposed approach in real world.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128815324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666889
A. Zipperer, P. Aloise-young, S. Suryanarayanan
There are many avenues of current and future research for addressing peak load strain on the U.S. electricity grid. With peak loads in many areas mainly comprising residential loads, the opportunities for residential demand response are great. Behavior changes accompanying technical solutions hold the promise of large and long lasting energy savings and peak reductions. By engaging disciplines outside the typical domain of the electric power industry, specifically psychology, there is the opportunity to motivate residential customers. This may be achieved by customized prompts and feedback designed to change behaviors. The result may lead to more efficient operation of the distribution grid, substantial peak load reductions, and efficiency gains. To that end, this paper presents two potential multi-criteria decision-making methodologies as they would apply to a residential building energy management system. The control system would need user-specific input, and this paper presents a procedure that incorporates fundamentals of social psychology for developing a survey to ascertain user preferences.
{"title":"On the design of a survey for reconciling consumer behaviors with demand response in the smart home","authors":"A. Zipperer, P. Aloise-young, S. Suryanarayanan","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666889","url":null,"abstract":"There are many avenues of current and future research for addressing peak load strain on the U.S. electricity grid. With peak loads in many areas mainly comprising residential loads, the opportunities for residential demand response are great. Behavior changes accompanying technical solutions hold the promise of large and long lasting energy savings and peak reductions. By engaging disciplines outside the typical domain of the electric power industry, specifically psychology, there is the opportunity to motivate residential customers. This may be achieved by customized prompts and feedback designed to change behaviors. The result may lead to more efficient operation of the distribution grid, substantial peak load reductions, and efficiency gains. To that end, this paper presents two potential multi-criteria decision-making methodologies as they would apply to a residential building energy management system. The control system would need user-specific input, and this paper presents a procedure that incorporates fundamentals of social psychology for developing a survey to ascertain user preferences.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"544 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123376440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666973
N. Schulz
{"title":"K-State Power Engineering, IEEE PES and K-State First Lady","authors":"N. Schulz","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666973","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131287218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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