Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666860
A. Malekpour, A. Pahwa, Sanjoy Das
Drop in prices of PV panels and increased awareness of environmental concerns is resulting in high number of rooftop solar PV installations. Rapid irradiance changes on partly cloudy days causes severe fluctuations in PV power output resulting in rapid fluctuations in voltage, which makes large-scale integration of rooftop solar PV into the grid a major challenge. This paper presents an inverter-based var control strategy to damp fast fluctuations in voltages. Different reactive power control strategies for inverter-based PVs are studied and their effects are analyzed in a second by second time frame. The proposed strategies have been tested on the modified IEEE 37 bus test system. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed strategies outperform the current standard (IEEE 1547) for voltage control.
{"title":"Inverter-based var control in low voltage distribution systems with rooftop solar PV","authors":"A. Malekpour, A. Pahwa, Sanjoy Das","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666860","url":null,"abstract":"Drop in prices of PV panels and increased awareness of environmental concerns is resulting in high number of rooftop solar PV installations. Rapid irradiance changes on partly cloudy days causes severe fluctuations in PV power output resulting in rapid fluctuations in voltage, which makes large-scale integration of rooftop solar PV into the grid a major challenge. This paper presents an inverter-based var control strategy to damp fast fluctuations in voltages. Different reactive power control strategies for inverter-based PVs are studied and their effects are analyzed in a second by second time frame. The proposed strategies have been tested on the modified IEEE 37 bus test system. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed strategies outperform the current standard (IEEE 1547) for voltage control.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125693904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666932
Dongbo Zhao, A. Meliopoulos, Zhenyu Tan, Aniemi Umana, Rui Fan
The growing penetration of renewable energy in power system and the increasing adoption of demand response have brought about the challenges of operation in distribution systems with more uncertainty. Due to the intermittency of distributed generation, the centralized control of distribution systems must coordinate the operation of distributed generation and responsive load in a fast and reliable manner, while still attempting to achieve the profit maximization. This paper proposes a market based operation method for distribution companies, by smoothing out the fluctuating renewable generation with responsive load to ensure the reliable feeding of ordinary load. By going through the proposed steps which consists of responsive load grouping, mapping and shedding in an optimal way, the distribution company is able to perform the most economical control over the distributed sources and load. A case study demonstrated the use of the proposed method.
{"title":"A market-based operation method for distribution system with distributed generation and demand response","authors":"Dongbo Zhao, A. Meliopoulos, Zhenyu Tan, Aniemi Umana, Rui Fan","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666932","url":null,"abstract":"The growing penetration of renewable energy in power system and the increasing adoption of demand response have brought about the challenges of operation in distribution systems with more uncertainty. Due to the intermittency of distributed generation, the centralized control of distribution systems must coordinate the operation of distributed generation and responsive load in a fast and reliable manner, while still attempting to achieve the profit maximization. This paper proposes a market based operation method for distribution companies, by smoothing out the fluctuating renewable generation with responsive load to ensure the reliable feeding of ordinary load. By going through the proposed steps which consists of responsive load grouping, mapping and shedding in an optimal way, the distribution company is able to perform the most economical control over the distributed sources and load. A case study demonstrated the use of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126788955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666854
Ziang Zhang, Navid Rahbari-Asr, M. Chow
The energy management problem in smart grid is a complex optimization problem of a Cyber-Physical System. Distributed cooperative energy management algorithms have great potential to solve this class of problems. In addition to the synchronous distributed algorithms, asynchronous distributed algorithms are more flexible, robust to packet loss and do not require global clock synchronization. In this paper, we have extended the synchronous Incremental Cost Consensus (ICC) algorithm to a gossip-based asynchronous version. The new algorithm is able to converge to the optimal solution in a distributed fashion with pairwise information exchange between neighbors without the need for any global synchronizing clock. The characteristics of the asynchronous ICC algorithm can be controlled by tuning the weighting of the updating matrix. Several case studies with different system configurations have been used to discuss the characteristics of the proposed algorithm.
{"title":"Asynchronous distributed cooperative energy management through gossip-based incremental cost consensus algorithm","authors":"Ziang Zhang, Navid Rahbari-Asr, M. Chow","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666854","url":null,"abstract":"The energy management problem in smart grid is a complex optimization problem of a Cyber-Physical System. Distributed cooperative energy management algorithms have great potential to solve this class of problems. In addition to the synchronous distributed algorithms, asynchronous distributed algorithms are more flexible, robust to packet loss and do not require global clock synchronization. In this paper, we have extended the synchronous Incremental Cost Consensus (ICC) algorithm to a gossip-based asynchronous version. The new algorithm is able to converge to the optimal solution in a distributed fashion with pairwise information exchange between neighbors without the need for any global synchronizing clock. The characteristics of the asynchronous ICC algorithm can be controlled by tuning the weighting of the updating matrix. Several case studies with different system configurations have been used to discuss the characteristics of the proposed algorithm.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121439137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666957
Rabindra Maharjan, S. Kamalasadan
In this paper real-time modeling and simulation of complete closed loop control of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind generation system is presented. Decoupled active power and reactive power control of DFIG is realized using the flux oriented vector control. Inner and outer loop controller at rotor side and the grid side converter is presented for the closed loop control of the DFIG using real-time digital simulator. The simulation is carried on OPAL-RT digital simulator which is based on RT-LAB platform with the models build in Simulink. Further full closed loop models are evaluated in an experimental test bed for the step response of active and reactive power (P and Q) change. The real-time modeling and evaluation shows the capability of fully closed loop control and has greater impact on real-world applications.
{"title":"Real-time simulation for active and reactive power control of doubly fed induction generator","authors":"Rabindra Maharjan, S. Kamalasadan","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666957","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper real-time modeling and simulation of complete closed loop control of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind generation system is presented. Decoupled active power and reactive power control of DFIG is realized using the flux oriented vector control. Inner and outer loop controller at rotor side and the grid side converter is presented for the closed loop control of the DFIG using real-time digital simulator. The simulation is carried on OPAL-RT digital simulator which is based on RT-LAB platform with the models build in Simulink. Further full closed loop models are evaluated in an experimental test bed for the step response of active and reactive power (P and Q) change. The real-time modeling and evaluation shows the capability of fully closed loop control and has greater impact on real-world applications.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131216459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666960
Stefan Lang, Niannian Cai, J. Mitra
Due to the high feed of regenerative power in many low-voltage distribution networks, it is possible that in some nodes inadmissible voltages appear. This paper presents a way to comply with the prescribed voltage band. It is realized by a multiagent system, which executes a three-stage algorithm to adjust the voltage at the nodes of the grid. A possible configuration is presented with a voltage regulated distribution transformer. It regulates the secondary voltage in several steps. The multi-agent system measures the voltages in different points in a network. The three-step algorithm controls the voltage, reactive and real power to comply with the prescribed voltage band. The paper shows a flexible communication structure, which is used by the agents to exchange data. An example network is presented. This displays the effectiveness of the communication cycle. Furthermore, the influence of the three-step algorithm is shown in a test system.
{"title":"Multi-agent system based voltage regulation in a low-voltage distribution network","authors":"Stefan Lang, Niannian Cai, J. Mitra","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666960","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the high feed of regenerative power in many low-voltage distribution networks, it is possible that in some nodes inadmissible voltages appear. This paper presents a way to comply with the prescribed voltage band. It is realized by a multiagent system, which executes a three-stage algorithm to adjust the voltage at the nodes of the grid. A possible configuration is presented with a voltage regulated distribution transformer. It regulates the secondary voltage in several steps. The multi-agent system measures the voltages in different points in a network. The three-step algorithm controls the voltage, reactive and real power to comply with the prescribed voltage band. The paper shows a flexible communication structure, which is used by the agents to exchange data. An example network is presented. This displays the effectiveness of the communication cycle. Furthermore, the influence of the three-step algorithm is shown in a test system.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129250639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666896
Joseph A. Silvers, K. Shetye, T. Overbye
This paper addresses the verification of generic dynamic wind turbine models in three different commercial transient stability packages. The paper shows that while the general form of the responses are similar, there are some significant differences. Results are provided for the four different generic wind turbine models using single machine infinite bus equivalents for each model.
{"title":"Transient model verification of wind turbines","authors":"Joseph A. Silvers, K. Shetye, T. Overbye","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666896","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the verification of generic dynamic wind turbine models in three different commercial transient stability packages. The paper shows that while the general form of the responses are similar, there are some significant differences. Results are provided for the four different generic wind turbine models using single machine infinite bus equivalents for each model.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"585 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115825348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666920
Meng Liu, Weijen Lee, L. Lee
Increasing electricity demand reveals the challenges presented by limited resources and environment impacts. As an alternative to conventional plants, renewable resources such as wind power and PVs account for an increasing percentage of electricity generation in recent years. Although renewable resources have many advantages, their intermittent nature must addressed before large scale application. Unlike wind power, which usually has higher power output at night and in the early morning, solar power only exists during daytime. This paper proposes the idea of combining wind turbines and PVs at different capacity ratios to match the hybrid system output to the system load profile. With an optimal capacity ratio, feasibility studies are also made by adding battery storage to the hybrid system to dispatch total hybrid output.
{"title":"Wind and PV hybrid renewable system dispatch using battery energy storage","authors":"Meng Liu, Weijen Lee, L. Lee","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666920","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing electricity demand reveals the challenges presented by limited resources and environment impacts. As an alternative to conventional plants, renewable resources such as wind power and PVs account for an increasing percentage of electricity generation in recent years. Although renewable resources have many advantages, their intermittent nature must addressed before large scale application. Unlike wind power, which usually has higher power output at night and in the early morning, solar power only exists during daytime. This paper proposes the idea of combining wind turbines and PVs at different capacity ratios to match the hybrid system output to the system load profile. With an optimal capacity ratio, feasibility studies are also made by adding battery storage to the hybrid system to dispatch total hybrid output.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125928923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666940
M. Subramanian, Yang Feng, D. Tylavsky
This paper introduces a PV bus model, compatible with the holomorphic embedding (HE) approach, for solving the power-flow bus-power-equilibrium equations (BPEE's). Because the BPEE's in traditional form are nonanalytic due to the presence of the complex-conjugate operator, many powerful tools applicable to the analytic functions cannot be used. Holomorphism is obtained by embedding the BPEE's into a bigger problem in such a way as to render the embedded problem analytic. The effect of the holomorphic embedding is to perform a type of curve following, but the curve followed is that of the embedded function, not the PV curve which is followed by traditional continuation methods. The primary advantage of HE is that it leads to an algorithm that is guaranteed to solve for the stable equilibrium point solution, regardless of starting point and without iteration. In the published literature on the HE approach, there is presently no model for a PV bus. This paper introduces such a model and suggests a remedy for the precision problems that arises with HE in modeling the PV bus.
{"title":"PV bus modeling in a holomorphically embedded power-flow formulation","authors":"M. Subramanian, Yang Feng, D. Tylavsky","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666940","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a PV bus model, compatible with the holomorphic embedding (HE) approach, for solving the power-flow bus-power-equilibrium equations (BPEE's). Because the BPEE's in traditional form are nonanalytic due to the presence of the complex-conjugate operator, many powerful tools applicable to the analytic functions cannot be used. Holomorphism is obtained by embedding the BPEE's into a bigger problem in such a way as to render the embedded problem analytic. The effect of the holomorphic embedding is to perform a type of curve following, but the curve followed is that of the embedded function, not the PV curve which is followed by traditional continuation methods. The primary advantage of HE is that it leads to an algorithm that is guaranteed to solve for the stable equilibrium point solution, regardless of starting point and without iteration. In the published literature on the HE approach, there is presently no model for a PV bus. This paper introduces such a model and suggests a remedy for the precision problems that arises with HE in modeling the PV bus.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126720942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666907
David Ganger, Ahmed E. Ewaisha
Social and economic pressures are inducing the proliferation of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in the market. As the power grid has a limited supply of electricity, this problem can be formulated as a resource allocation problem, minimizing costs of charging. In this paper we model the PEV charging problem to minimize the total cost of charging, taking into account distribution constraints. These constraints model the maximum power that distribution-lines can carry as a function of time. Moreover, we develop an algorithm to schedule the PEVs aiming at minimizing the total charging cost, subject to these instantaneous distribution constraints. Although the proposed algorithm is a suboptimal one, it is of a polynomial complexity in the number of PEVs in the system.
{"title":"Distribution constraints on resource allocation of PEV load in the power grid","authors":"David Ganger, Ahmed E. Ewaisha","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666907","url":null,"abstract":"Social and economic pressures are inducing the proliferation of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in the market. As the power grid has a limited supply of electricity, this problem can be formulated as a resource allocation problem, minimizing costs of charging. In this paper we model the PEV charging problem to minimize the total cost of charging, taking into account distribution constraints. These constraints model the maximum power that distribution-lines can carry as a function of time. Moreover, we develop an algorithm to schedule the PEVs aiming at minimizing the total charging cost, subject to these instantaneous distribution constraints. Although the proposed algorithm is a suboptimal one, it is of a polynomial complexity in the number of PEVs in the system.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123789280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666950
Griet Devriese, F. Shariatzadeh, A. Srivastava
The introduction of the smart grid concept and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) technologies in the power systems area has attracted new attention to make distribution systems efficient and save more energy. Volt/VAr control is a commonly performed technique which enables utilities to run distribution systems on lower voltage resulting in higher energy savings. Although this technique has been implemented in distribution systems for a long time, new research is needed to adapt volt/VAr control with contemporary technologies' additional information and feedback. Voltage regulators and capacitor banks are used as two main control devices in the volt/VAr control scheme. With smart grid development, feedback from end-of-line (EOL) in distribution systems is provided. Furthermore, utilities installed more switch capacitors instead of fixed capacitor banks. In this paper, a volt/VAr control scheme is proposed to take aforementioned evolutions into account. The volt/VAr control problem is developed as an optimization problem in which the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is used to find an optimum solution for voltage regulator tap settings and switch capacitors status. The developed PSO algorithm is validated against an enumerative search strategy to ensure its correct execution. The proposed algorithms are implemented on the IEEE 13 bus distribution test system.
{"title":"Volt/VAr optimization with energy savings for distribution system using intelligent control","authors":"Griet Devriese, F. Shariatzadeh, A. Srivastava","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666950","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of the smart grid concept and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) technologies in the power systems area has attracted new attention to make distribution systems efficient and save more energy. Volt/VAr control is a commonly performed technique which enables utilities to run distribution systems on lower voltage resulting in higher energy savings. Although this technique has been implemented in distribution systems for a long time, new research is needed to adapt volt/VAr control with contemporary technologies' additional information and feedback. Voltage regulators and capacitor banks are used as two main control devices in the volt/VAr control scheme. With smart grid development, feedback from end-of-line (EOL) in distribution systems is provided. Furthermore, utilities installed more switch capacitors instead of fixed capacitor banks. In this paper, a volt/VAr control scheme is proposed to take aforementioned evolutions into account. The volt/VAr control problem is developed as an optimization problem in which the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is used to find an optimum solution for voltage regulator tap settings and switch capacitors status. The developed PSO algorithm is validated against an enumerative search strategy to ensure its correct execution. The proposed algorithms are implemented on the IEEE 13 bus distribution test system.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122155674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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