Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666926
J. Follum, J. Pierre
With the phasor measurement unit (PMU) networks that have been developed to improve utilities' wide-area situational awareness, it is now possible to obtain high-fidelity observations of forced oscillations (FOs). Due to the large variation in their amplitudes, reliable methods for detecting forced oscillations and estimating their parameters are needed. In this paper, an algorithm designed for the detection and estimation of sinusoids in white Gaussian noise is modified for the colored noise environment of power systems. A novel time-localization algorithm based on the cross-correlation estimator is proposed to estimate the start and end points of a forced oscillation, and an estimator for the forced oscillation's amplitude dependent on these location estimates is developed. Using a simple model, the algorithms are shown to be capable of detecting a forced oscillation, estimating its frequency, locating it within the data, and estimating its amplitude.
{"title":"Initial results in the detection and estimation of forced oscillations in power systems","authors":"J. Follum, J. Pierre","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666926","url":null,"abstract":"With the phasor measurement unit (PMU) networks that have been developed to improve utilities' wide-area situational awareness, it is now possible to obtain high-fidelity observations of forced oscillations (FOs). Due to the large variation in their amplitudes, reliable methods for detecting forced oscillations and estimating their parameters are needed. In this paper, an algorithm designed for the detection and estimation of sinusoids in white Gaussian noise is modified for the colored noise environment of power systems. A novel time-localization algorithm based on the cross-correlation estimator is proposed to estimate the start and end points of a forced oscillation, and an estimator for the forced oscillation's amplitude dependent on these location estimates is developed. Using a simple model, the algorithms are shown to be capable of detecting a forced oscillation, estimating its frequency, locating it within the data, and estimating its amplitude.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"210 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131093459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666885
Brett Robbins, Hao Zhu, A. Domínguez-García
In this paper, we propose a method to optimally set the taps of voltage regulation transformers in distribution networks. Specifically, we cast the problem of optimally choosing the tap settings as a rank-constrained semidefinite program (SDP) with the transformer tap positions removed from the network's admittance matrix and replaced by additional constraints and optimization variables. Then, the non-convex rank-1 constraint that arises from this rank-constrained SDP formulation is relaxed, which leads to a convex SDP program. The tap positions are obtained from the primary- and secondary-side bus voltages yielded by the optimal solution. We present several case studies with a 14-bus single-phase and a 15-bus three-phase distribution system to demonstrate the validity of our method.
{"title":"Optimal tap settings for voltage regulation transformers in distribution networks","authors":"Brett Robbins, Hao Zhu, A. Domínguez-García","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666885","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a method to optimally set the taps of voltage regulation transformers in distribution networks. Specifically, we cast the problem of optimally choosing the tap settings as a rank-constrained semidefinite program (SDP) with the transformer tap positions removed from the network's admittance matrix and replaced by additional constraints and optimization variables. Then, the non-convex rank-1 constraint that arises from this rank-constrained SDP formulation is relaxed, which leads to a convex SDP program. The tap positions are obtained from the primary- and secondary-side bus voltages yielded by the optimal solution. We present several case studies with a 14-bus single-phase and a 15-bus three-phase distribution system to demonstrate the validity of our method.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129592356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666930
E. N. Reyes, M. Perez G, A. R. Messina
A theoretical framework to design decentralized power system controllers based on a generalized Relative Gain Array (RGA) concept is suggested. The proposed approach constitutes a natural extension to conventional RGA-based structures and may be used to place controllers as well as to supplement information on the phase or sense of loop interaction. This approach also allows better coordination of control capabilities. Techniques to choose the best input-output pairs that incorporate phase information associated with the control structure are introduced and extensions to the standard RGA-based techniques are proposed. A case study with a 16-machine, 68-bus test system shows that the method is effective and results in improved control performance.
{"title":"A framework for decentralized design of system controllers using an extended Relative Gain approach","authors":"E. N. Reyes, M. Perez G, A. R. Messina","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666930","url":null,"abstract":"A theoretical framework to design decentralized power system controllers based on a generalized Relative Gain Array (RGA) concept is suggested. The proposed approach constitutes a natural extension to conventional RGA-based structures and may be used to place controllers as well as to supplement information on the phase or sense of loop interaction. This approach also allows better coordination of control capabilities. Techniques to choose the best input-output pairs that incorporate phase information associated with the control structure are introduced and extensions to the standard RGA-based techniques are proposed. A case study with a 16-machine, 68-bus test system shows that the method is effective and results in improved control performance.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133609508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666866
Samir Dahal, H. Salehfar
Using a combination of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Newton-Raphson load flow methods this paper investigates the impact of location and size of distributed generators on distribution systems. Similar to the existing improved analytical (IA) method, the proposed approach optimizes the size and location of distributed generators with both real and reactive power capabilities. However, studies show that the proposed method yields much better results than the IA technique and with less computation times. In addition, compared to other evolutionary algorithms such as artificial bee colony (ABC), the proposed method achieves a better distribution system voltage profile with smaller DG sizes. To show the advantages of the proposed method, the IEEE 69-bus distribution system is used as a test bed and the results are compared with those from IA and ABC approaches.
{"title":"Optimal location and sizing of distributed generators in distribution networks","authors":"Samir Dahal, H. Salehfar","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666866","url":null,"abstract":"Using a combination of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Newton-Raphson load flow methods this paper investigates the impact of location and size of distributed generators on distribution systems. Similar to the existing improved analytical (IA) method, the proposed approach optimizes the size and location of distributed generators with both real and reactive power capabilities. However, studies show that the proposed method yields much better results than the IA technique and with less computation times. In addition, compared to other evolutionary algorithms such as artificial bee colony (ABC), the proposed method achieves a better distribution system voltage profile with smaller DG sizes. To show the advantages of the proposed method, the IEEE 69-bus distribution system is used as a test bed and the results are compared with those from IA and ABC approaches.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"48 21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126038458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666946
A. Esmaeilian, M. Kezunovic
The tapped lines are usually used to supply a customer such as small communities or industrial facilities with an economic solution that is less expensive than building a full substation. Locating faults in such lines are difficult due to the effect of infeed/outfeed current from tapped lines as well as reactance effect. The proposed method applies generalized models of fault loop voltage and current to formulate the fault location algorithm. The derived algorithm has a very simple first-order formula and does not require knowledge of data from the other ends. This feature becomes more significant in the case of isolated rural areas where communicational link to exchange data with other ends may not exist. The result of the algorithm performance evaluation using simulations verifies the high accuracy of the method with regard to various equivalent source impedances, fault inception angles, fault resistances and locations as well as fault types.
{"title":"An impedance based fault location algorithm for tapped lines using local measurements","authors":"A. Esmaeilian, M. Kezunovic","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666946","url":null,"abstract":"The tapped lines are usually used to supply a customer such as small communities or industrial facilities with an economic solution that is less expensive than building a full substation. Locating faults in such lines are difficult due to the effect of infeed/outfeed current from tapped lines as well as reactance effect. The proposed method applies generalized models of fault loop voltage and current to formulate the fault location algorithm. The derived algorithm has a very simple first-order formula and does not require knowledge of data from the other ends. This feature becomes more significant in the case of isolated rural areas where communicational link to exchange data with other ends may not exist. The result of the algorithm performance evaluation using simulations verifies the high accuracy of the method with regard to various equivalent source impedances, fault inception angles, fault resistances and locations as well as fault types.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"40 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116285960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666878
F. Shariatzadeh, A. Srivastava
One of the most important goals of smart grid is sustainability. Load management in coordinated manner may help in saving more energy and hence move towards sustainability. Advanced metering infrastructures (AMI) and bidirectional communication between electricity grid and endusers, novel technologies and designs are required to exploit full potential of smart grid investments. New analysis tools and control strategies are needed for distribution systems to augment these investments. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, as thermostatic controllable loads, consume major portion of electric energy. In this work, a detailed load model of thermostatic electric loads is used to develop a novel approach of look-ahead controller over different time frames. Developed controller has been tested for cooling mode operation on a typical summer day and shows satisfactory performance.
{"title":"Look-ahead control approach for thermostatic electric load in distribution system","authors":"F. Shariatzadeh, A. Srivastava","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666878","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important goals of smart grid is sustainability. Load management in coordinated manner may help in saving more energy and hence move towards sustainability. Advanced metering infrastructures (AMI) and bidirectional communication between electricity grid and endusers, novel technologies and designs are required to exploit full potential of smart grid investments. New analysis tools and control strategies are needed for distribution systems to augment these investments. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, as thermostatic controllable loads, consume major portion of electric energy. In this work, a detailed load model of thermostatic electric loads is used to develop a novel approach of look-ahead controller over different time frames. Developed controller has been tested for cooling mode operation on a typical summer day and shows satisfactory performance.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116380499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666829
H. Livani, C. Evrenosoglu, V. Centeno
This paper presents a machine learning-based faulty-line identification method in smart distribution networks. The proposed method utilizes postfault root-mean-square (rms) values of voltages measured at the main substation and at selected nodes as well as fault information obtained by fault current identifiers (FCIs) and intelligent electronic re-closers (IE-CRs). The information from FCIs and IE-RCs are first used to identify the faulty region in the network. The normalized rms values of voltages are then utilized as the input to the support vector machine (SVM) classifiers to identify the faulty-line according to the pre-determined fault type. The IEEE 123-node distribution test system is simulated in ATP software. MATLAB is used to process the simulated transients and to apply the proposed method. The performance of the method is tested for different fault inception angles (FIA) and different fault resistances with satisfactory results.
{"title":"A machine learning-based faulty line identification for smart distribution network","authors":"H. Livani, C. Evrenosoglu, V. Centeno","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666829","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a machine learning-based faulty-line identification method in smart distribution networks. The proposed method utilizes postfault root-mean-square (rms) values of voltages measured at the main substation and at selected nodes as well as fault information obtained by fault current identifiers (FCIs) and intelligent electronic re-closers (IE-CRs). The information from FCIs and IE-RCs are first used to identify the faulty region in the network. The normalized rms values of voltages are then utilized as the input to the support vector machine (SVM) classifiers to identify the faulty-line according to the pre-determined fault type. The IEEE 123-node distribution test system is simulated in ATP software. MATLAB is used to process the simulated transients and to apply the proposed method. The performance of the method is tested for different fault inception angles (FIA) and different fault resistances with satisfactory results.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114563153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666831
R. Cisneros-Magaña, A. Medina, V. Dinavahi
A time domain methodology is proposed for the harmonic state estimation (HSE) in power systems based on parallel Kalman filter (PKF) algorithm implemented on a graphical processing unit (GPU). The output variable measurements to be used by the HSE are taken from the simulation of the harmonics propagation in the power system. The time domain HSE solution process is based on the application of the PKF algorithm to estimate the waveforms for nodal voltages and line currents with various sources of harmonics, time-varying harmonics and inter-harmonics. The results obtained with the PKF to solve the HSE are validated against the transient program PSCAD/EMTDC. The PKF algorithm is implemented using the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) platform and the CUDA Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (CUBLAS) library on a NVIDIA GPU card. Case studies show the effectiveness of the PKF to solve the HSE on the GPU, the speed-up is dependent of the size and complexity of the network model.
提出了一种基于并行卡尔曼滤波(PKF)算法的电力系统谐波状态估计时域方法。HSE使用的输出变量测量是通过对电力系统中谐波传播的模拟得出的。时域HSE求解过程基于PKF算法的应用，以估计具有各种谐波源、时变谐波源和间谐波源的节点电压和线路电流的波形。使用PKF求解HSE的结果与瞬态程序PSCAD/EMTDC进行了验证。PKF算法是使用NVIDIA GPU卡上的CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture)平台和CUDA Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (CUDA Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms, CUBLAS)库实现的。实例研究表明，PKF在GPU上解决HSE问题是有效的，加速速度取决于网络模型的大小和复杂程度。
{"title":"Parallel Kalman filter based time-domain harmonic state estimation","authors":"R. Cisneros-Magaña, A. Medina, V. Dinavahi","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666831","url":null,"abstract":"A time domain methodology is proposed for the harmonic state estimation (HSE) in power systems based on parallel Kalman filter (PKF) algorithm implemented on a graphical processing unit (GPU). The output variable measurements to be used by the HSE are taken from the simulation of the harmonics propagation in the power system. The time domain HSE solution process is based on the application of the PKF algorithm to estimate the waveforms for nodal voltages and line currents with various sources of harmonics, time-varying harmonics and inter-harmonics. The results obtained with the PKF to solve the HSE are validated against the transient program PSCAD/EMTDC. The PKF algorithm is implemented using the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) platform and the CUDA Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (CUBLAS) library on a NVIDIA GPU card. Case studies show the effectiveness of the PKF to solve the HSE on the GPU, the speed-up is dependent of the size and complexity of the network model.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130168045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666848
D. P. Montoya, J. M. Ramirez
This paper presents the application of a genetic algorithm (GA) in conjunction with a Minimal Spanning Tree (MST) algorithm, in order to allocate jointly capacitors and distributed generation to improve the operation of electrical energy systems. An appropriate selection of the fitness function provides a solution that is able to reduce power losses. Simulations on an IEEE benchmark demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed strategy.
{"title":"A joint application of a genetic algorithm plus the minimal spanning tree for optimizing electrical energy systems","authors":"D. P. Montoya, J. M. Ramirez","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666848","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the application of a genetic algorithm (GA) in conjunction with a Minimal Spanning Tree (MST) algorithm, in order to allocate jointly capacitors and distributed generation to improve the operation of electrical energy systems. An appropriate selection of the fitness function provides a solution that is able to reduce power losses. Simulations on an IEEE benchmark demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed strategy.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131029820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-25DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666917
J. Donadee
This paper considers the co-optimization of the operations of a grid scale energy storage resource (ESR) for both energy price arbitrage and sales of secondary frequency regulation capacity. We investigate the application of the infinite horizon Markov decision problem (MDP) framework to this problem. We formulate the ESR's decision optimization problem as an infinite horizon, average reward MDP. This problem is a proof-of-principle which considers the automatic generation control signal as the only random parameter. Example MDPs are solved using the policy iteration algorithm. The optimal operating policies and gains are described. Results show that the value of an ESR can be increased substantially by using it for more than one purpose simultaneously.
{"title":"Optimal operation of energy storage for arbitrage and ancillary service capacity: The infinite horizon approach","authors":"J. Donadee","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2013.6666917","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the co-optimization of the operations of a grid scale energy storage resource (ESR) for both energy price arbitrage and sales of secondary frequency regulation capacity. We investigate the application of the infinite horizon Markov decision problem (MDP) framework to this problem. We formulate the ESR's decision optimization problem as an infinite horizon, average reward MDP. This problem is a proof-of-principle which considers the automatic generation control signal as the only random parameter. Example MDPs are solved using the policy iteration algorithm. The optimal operating policies and gains are described. Results show that the value of an ESR can be increased substantially by using it for more than one purpose simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":421943,"journal":{"name":"2013 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129125157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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