Using Lawrence Kohlberg’s cognitive moral development theory as the guiding theory, the present study was designed to investigate the principled moral reasoning of 67 undergraduate students at the University of Kuwait (27 males and 40 females). Their age ranged from 19 to 24 (Mean age = 18.64 years, SD = 1.20 years). A major purpose of the study was to explore the impact of gender on their moral reasoning .Moral reasoning of the participants in the study was measured by the Defining Issues Test (DIT), a widely employed tool for measuring moral reasoning .The data collected were analyzed using the descriptive statistics of, means, and standard deviations; and inferential statistics of independent samples t-test. The results indicate that the sample scored lower in principled moral reasoning than undergraduate students in general. However, they scored predominantly at stage 4 in Kohlberg’s moral judgment theory. Results also indicate that there are no significant differences in principled moral reasoning of the participants according to their gender.
{"title":"The Impact of Gender on the Principled Moral Reasoning of Kuwait Education Students","authors":"D. Bouhmama, Fawzeah Obied Al-Masoud","doi":"10.30845/aijss.v8n4p2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/aijss.v8n4p2","url":null,"abstract":"Using Lawrence Kohlberg’s cognitive moral development theory as the guiding theory, the present study was designed to investigate the principled moral reasoning of 67 undergraduate students at the University of Kuwait (27 males and 40 females). Their age ranged from 19 to 24 (Mean age = 18.64 years, SD = 1.20 years). A major purpose of the study was to explore the impact of gender on their moral reasoning .Moral reasoning of the participants in the study was measured by the Defining Issues Test (DIT), a widely employed tool for measuring moral reasoning .The data collected were analyzed using the descriptive statistics of, means, and standard deviations; and inferential statistics of independent samples t-test. The results indicate that the sample scored lower in principled moral reasoning than undergraduate students in general. However, they scored predominantly at stage 4 in Kohlberg’s moral judgment theory. Results also indicate that there are no significant differences in principled moral reasoning of the participants according to their gender.","PeriodicalId":421989,"journal":{"name":"American International Journal of Social Science","volume":"4178 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127570498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper examined the effect of digitalization of economy on tax compliance in Nigeria. The researcher adopted the survey strategy and use structured questionnaire to collect data. The data was sourced from the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS)in AkwaIbom State. The data was collected from the entire population of the staff at the FIRS, which was forty (40). The simple percentage, descriptive statistics, and linear regression techniques were used to analyze the data. The results suggest that tax compliance is negatively influenced when economy is digitalised. It is therefore recommended that the government of Nigeria should consider developing tax policy that would aid taxing e-transactions, tax education and including taxation of e-transactions in the tax laws. Doing so would likely improve tax compliance and thus boost digital transactions contribution to government revenue. models. Multi-sided platforms, as exacerbating challenges
{"title":"Tax Compliance and Digitalization of Nigerian Economy: The Empirical Review","authors":"Raphael S. Etim, M. Jeremiah, Patrick B. S. Dan","doi":"10.30845/aijss.v9n2p5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/aijss.v9n2p5","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examined the effect of digitalization of economy on tax compliance in Nigeria. The researcher adopted the survey strategy and use structured questionnaire to collect data. The data was sourced from the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS)in AkwaIbom State. The data was collected from the entire population of the staff at the FIRS, which was forty (40). The simple percentage, descriptive statistics, and linear regression techniques were used to analyze the data. The results suggest that tax compliance is negatively influenced when economy is digitalised. It is therefore recommended that the government of Nigeria should consider developing tax policy that would aid taxing e-transactions, tax education and including taxation of e-transactions in the tax laws. Doing so would likely improve tax compliance and thus boost digital transactions contribution to government revenue. models. Multi-sided platforms, as exacerbating challenges","PeriodicalId":421989,"journal":{"name":"American International Journal of Social Science","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125589184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Dictator’s Handbook by Bruce Bueno de Mesquita and Alastair Smith has established a clear list of five key principles which are referred as the rules of political survival, which are yet to be tested in hybrid regimes. Viktor Orbán’s regime in Hungary, which has been showing signs of hybridity, offers the possibility to test these five principles. In order to make proper conclusions, the most important measures of Orbán are confronted in this qualitative research with the recommendations of de Mesquita and Smith, in order to determine if the rules of political survival are obeyed or neglected by the Hungarian Prime Minister, and to see if these measures have positive or negative effects on his regime from the perspective of political survival. The results have shown that the survival strategy of Orbán is based on the five principles of political survival, and therefore the approach of the Selectorate theory should further be applied on hybrid regimes.
{"title":"The Application of the Principles of Political Survival in Hybrid Regimes: A Case-Study of Hungary","authors":"Kristof Filemon","doi":"10.30845/AIJSS.V8N2P6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/AIJSS.V8N2P6","url":null,"abstract":"The Dictator’s Handbook by Bruce Bueno de Mesquita and Alastair Smith has established a clear list of five key principles which are referred as the rules of political survival, which are yet to be tested in hybrid regimes. Viktor Orbán’s regime in Hungary, which has been showing signs of hybridity, offers the possibility to test these five principles. In order to make proper conclusions, the most important measures of Orbán are confronted in this qualitative research with the recommendations of de Mesquita and Smith, in order to determine if the rules of political survival are obeyed or neglected by the Hungarian Prime Minister, and to see if these measures have positive or negative effects on his regime from the perspective of political survival. The results have shown that the survival strategy of Orbán is based on the five principles of political survival, and therefore the approach of the Selectorate theory should further be applied on hybrid regimes.","PeriodicalId":421989,"journal":{"name":"American International Journal of Social Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122088320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interpreting and Understanding: The Globalisation of Sport","authors":"Asst. Prof. Dr. Mathew Wallace","doi":"10.30845/aijss.v8n3p9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/aijss.v8n3p9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":421989,"journal":{"name":"American International Journal of Social Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123371549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Managing school business for self-sufficiency and poverty reduction in secondary schools in Rivers State, Nigeria, was the title of the work. The thrust of the study was the management of school business to achieve two major goals (a) the generation of revenues for the schools to be significantly self-sufficient (b) equipping students with relevant practical skills for the world of work to ensure poverty reduction. The design of the study was the descriptive survey. The population was all the 267 public secondary schools in Rivers State, Nigeria. A sample of 40 schools was drawn through stratified random sampling technique, based on the location of the schools (urban and rural). 120 teachers responded to the instrument. The instruments for the study were questionnaire and structured interview. The reliability of the instrument was determined through the use of Pearson Product Moment Correlation, with a reliability index of 0.82. four research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. Percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while t-test statistics was used to test the hypotheses. The findings of the study showed. Among other things that most of the schools have business plans, lease out their facilities for revenue and are also engaged in agricultural, arts and crafts activities, though on a limited scale. The study therefore recommended among other things that there should be specific policies guiding school business, strategic and operational plans to guide school business and vocational education.
{"title":"Managing School Business for Self Sufficiency and Poverty Reduction in Secondary Schools in Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Kenneth","doi":"10.30845/aijss.v8n2p10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/aijss.v8n2p10","url":null,"abstract":"Managing school business for self-sufficiency and poverty reduction in secondary schools in Rivers State, Nigeria, was the title of the work. The thrust of the study was the management of school business to achieve two major goals (a) the generation of revenues for the schools to be significantly self-sufficient (b) equipping students with relevant practical skills for the world of work to ensure poverty reduction. The design of the study was the descriptive survey. The population was all the 267 public secondary schools in Rivers State, Nigeria. A sample of 40 schools was drawn through stratified random sampling technique, based on the location of the schools (urban and rural). 120 teachers responded to the instrument. The instruments for the study were questionnaire and structured interview. The reliability of the instrument was determined through the use of Pearson Product Moment Correlation, with a reliability index of 0.82. four research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. Percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while t-test statistics was used to test the hypotheses. The findings of the study showed. Among other things that most of the schools have business plans, lease out their facilities for revenue and are also engaged in agricultural, arts and crafts activities, though on a limited scale. The study therefore recommended among other things that there should be specific policies guiding school business, strategic and operational plans to guide school business and vocational education.","PeriodicalId":421989,"journal":{"name":"American International Journal of Social Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126355380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Religion in Maghreb Constitutions: A Comparative Study","authors":"Bouhania Goui, D. Bouhmama","doi":"10.30845/AIJSS.V8N2P12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/AIJSS.V8N2P12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":421989,"journal":{"name":"American International Journal of Social Science","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127424679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The research reported in this study addresses questions central to improving access to job training at the community level. The differentiation in barriers to accessing workforce training within the same OMB classification counties emphasizes the need to place the challenge of accessing workforce training within a broader “total systems” approach to community economic development in terms of building network linkages between the stakeholders, within the specific constraints and opportunities offered by each individual place. The surveys of the community college and employers were conducted between March and May 2018. The surveys of job seekers were conducted between March 2018 and January 2019 at the State Employment Centers when job seekers came in for services. It is important to understand how ultimately the success or failure to achieve cooperation between employer and the job seekers may require active participation in the political processes at both the state and federal levels. Keyword: Barriers Faced by Job seekers; OMB classification; Community Economic Development; State Employment Centers; Community College; Employers.
{"title":"Perceived Barriers to Workforce Training: Views from Job Seekers, Employers and Community Colleges in Missouri, USA","authors":"Ong Wei Jun Dan, Pat Curry, D. O’Brien","doi":"10.30845/aijss.v8n4p12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/aijss.v8n4p12","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The research reported in this study addresses questions central to improving access to job training at the community level. The differentiation in barriers to accessing workforce training within the same OMB classification counties emphasizes the need to place the challenge of accessing workforce training within a broader “total systems” approach to community economic development in terms of building network linkages between the stakeholders, within the specific constraints and opportunities offered by each individual place. The surveys of the community college and employers were conducted between March and May 2018. The surveys of job seekers were conducted between March 2018 and January 2019 at the State Employment Centers when job seekers came in for services. It is important to understand how ultimately the success or failure to achieve cooperation between employer and the job seekers may require active participation in the political processes at both the state and federal levels. Keyword: Barriers Faced by Job seekers; OMB classification; Community Economic Development; State Employment Centers; Community College; Employers.","PeriodicalId":421989,"journal":{"name":"American International Journal of Social Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131274800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Etgard Manga Engama, Eugène Patrick Ngoula Mekontchou
The main objective of this study is to examine the effects of road infrastructural investments on economic growth in Cameroonian fact, the theoretical and empirical literature highlights an ambivalent relationship between government expenditure and economic growth without focusing on transport infrastructure. This study lays a particular emphasis on transport infrastructures. At the level of the methodology, an autoregressive distributed lag model is applied to variables integrated of order 0 and 1. After preliminary tests aimed at avoiding spurious regression, we estimate the parameters of the model usingOLS. We find a negative and significant effect of road infrastructural investments on economic growth. This is explained by the degraded state roads which negatively affect economic growth. However, in the long run, the road infrastructures have a positive and significant effect on economic growth.
{"title":"Road Infrastructural Investments and Economic Growth in Cameroon","authors":"Etgard Manga Engama, Eugène Patrick Ngoula Mekontchou","doi":"10.30845/aijss.v9n2p4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/aijss.v9n2p4","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study is to examine the effects of road infrastructural investments on economic growth in Cameroonian fact, the theoretical and empirical literature highlights an ambivalent relationship between government expenditure and economic growth without focusing on transport infrastructure. This study lays a particular emphasis on transport infrastructures. At the level of the methodology, an autoregressive distributed lag model is applied to variables integrated of order 0 and 1. After preliminary tests aimed at avoiding spurious regression, we estimate the parameters of the model usingOLS. We find a negative and significant effect of road infrastructural investments on economic growth. This is explained by the degraded state roads which negatively affect economic growth. However, in the long run, the road infrastructures have a positive and significant effect on economic growth.","PeriodicalId":421989,"journal":{"name":"American International Journal of Social Science","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134241663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper analysed the herders and farmers’ conflict and its implications on the forthcoming 2019 General Elections in Nigeria with focus on what public relations can do. The paper was anchored on the Dialectical Materialism Theory and supported by the Frustration Aggression Theory and Frank Jefkins Public Relations Transfer Process Model. The paper adopted survey research method to elicit data using interview as research instrument. Findings revealed that interethnic and intergroup conflicts have been on the increase since the evolution of democratic rule in 1999, and that the stakeholders meetings convened by the Federal Government of Nigeria are not all-inclusive but elitist. The paper recommended amongst others that the Federal Government should do more in curtailing the killings, destruction of properties and farmlands associated with the conflict and apply public relations strategies such such as dialogue, truth and full information, that the herders should establish ranches in order to curtain incessant conflict between them and farmers in line with best international livestock practice.
{"title":"Herders And Farmers Conflict And Its Implication For The 2019 General Elections In Nigeria: What Can Public Relations Do?","authors":"Tyotom Keghku, K. Alom, Joseph Dzerkaan Fanafa","doi":"10.30845/aijss.v8n1p7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/aijss.v8n1p7","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analysed the herders and farmers’ conflict and its implications on the forthcoming 2019 General Elections in Nigeria with focus on what public relations can do. The paper was anchored on the Dialectical Materialism Theory and supported by the Frustration Aggression Theory and Frank Jefkins Public Relations Transfer Process Model. The paper adopted survey research method to elicit data using interview as research instrument. Findings revealed that interethnic and intergroup conflicts have been on the increase since the evolution of democratic rule in 1999, and that the stakeholders meetings convened by the Federal Government of Nigeria are not all-inclusive but elitist. The paper recommended amongst others that the Federal Government should do more in curtailing the killings, destruction of properties and farmlands associated with the conflict and apply public relations strategies such such as dialogue, truth and full information, that the herders should establish ranches in order to curtain incessant conflict between them and farmers in line with best international livestock practice.","PeriodicalId":421989,"journal":{"name":"American International Journal of Social Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115296184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The latest developments of China's guardianship legal issues shall include two important laws--the GPCL and the Conflicts Act. The GPCL emphasizes the principle of being in favor of the interests of wards, respects the right of selfdetermination of the wards, adds 3 forms of guardianship, clarifies the duties of guardian. Article 30 of the Conflicts Act has four obvious deficiencies, even though it stipulates the application of guardianship and emphasizes the protection of the interests of the ward. Foreign-related guardianship cases in Chinese courts frequently present four characteristics: foreign element is subject, guardianship is about minors, using common procedures, and prefer using Chinese law. These characteristics also reflect the three shortcomings of the application of law. On the basis of the above analysis, we put forward four improvement suggestions from the substantive law perspective, and introduce five application methods from the conflict law perspective.
{"title":"The Latest Developments of Guardianship Legal Issue in China","authors":"Xiao Yongping, Qin Hongman","doi":"10.30845/AIJSS.V8N1P6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/AIJSS.V8N1P6","url":null,"abstract":"The latest developments of China's guardianship legal issues shall include two important laws--the GPCL and the Conflicts Act. The GPCL emphasizes the principle of being in favor of the interests of wards, respects the right of selfdetermination of the wards, adds 3 forms of guardianship, clarifies the duties of guardian. Article 30 of the Conflicts Act has four obvious deficiencies, even though it stipulates the application of guardianship and emphasizes the protection of the interests of the ward. Foreign-related guardianship cases in Chinese courts frequently present four characteristics: foreign element is subject, guardianship is about minors, using common procedures, and prefer using Chinese law. These characteristics also reflect the three shortcomings of the application of law. On the basis of the above analysis, we put forward four improvement suggestions from the substantive law perspective, and introduce five application methods from the conflict law perspective.","PeriodicalId":421989,"journal":{"name":"American International Journal of Social Science","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124122661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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