R. Hild, Sebastian Stahringer, R. Mandler, M. Degünther
The production of medium to large lenses (200 - 500 mm) is becoming increasingly important against the background of the semiconductor crisis. The value of a lens increases enormously through the entire value chain. A large number of processes are necessary to achieve the final contour and quality. The grinding and polishing processes must be precisely coordinated in order to achieve all requirements. The polishing process is not always a controllable variable, since various chemical and mechanical influences come together and affect the process result. For this reason, it is important to control the grinding process. The question of how it is possible to improve the surface quality as much as possible without allowing any geometric deviations is central. The effect of different machine concepts and their advantages against the background of specific quality requirements is still unknown. Therefore, a comparison of two machine concepts and their effects on the grinding process, the component quality and the possibilities of polishing the generated surfaces will be analyzed in more detail. The focus is on the MCG500 and UPG500 machine concepts from OptoTech Optikmaschinen GmbH. The results show, that the 5-axis grinding machine MCG500 enables a high-quality grinding process, which allows to reach a PV inbetween 1.5 - 3 μm. Compared to the 4-axis machine UPG500, the MCG500 is used as a pre-grinding machine to achieve a PV of 0.4 - 1.5 μm with the help of the UPG500. In addition the, the sub surface damage is only 3 - 7 μm on the UPG500 compared to 10 - 20 μm on the MCG500. With the achieved tolerances of the UPG500, the subsequent polishing process is shortened by approx. 30% compared to the upstream grinding process by the MCG500 and at the same time the process reliability to achieve the final specifications increases.
{"title":"Differences and effects of two machine concepts on the manufacturing process of aspherical lenses","authors":"R. Hild, Sebastian Stahringer, R. Mandler, M. Degünther","doi":"10.1117/12.2632071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2632071","url":null,"abstract":"The production of medium to large lenses (200 - 500 mm) is becoming increasingly important against the background of the semiconductor crisis. The value of a lens increases enormously through the entire value chain. A large number of processes are necessary to achieve the final contour and quality. The grinding and polishing processes must be precisely coordinated in order to achieve all requirements. The polishing process is not always a controllable variable, since various chemical and mechanical influences come together and affect the process result. For this reason, it is important to control the grinding process. The question of how it is possible to improve the surface quality as much as possible without allowing any geometric deviations is central. The effect of different machine concepts and their advantages against the background of specific quality requirements is still unknown. Therefore, a comparison of two machine concepts and their effects on the grinding process, the component quality and the possibilities of polishing the generated surfaces will be analyzed in more detail. The focus is on the MCG500 and UPG500 machine concepts from OptoTech Optikmaschinen GmbH. The results show, that the 5-axis grinding machine MCG500 enables a high-quality grinding process, which allows to reach a PV inbetween 1.5 - 3 μm. Compared to the 4-axis machine UPG500, the MCG500 is used as a pre-grinding machine to achieve a PV of 0.4 - 1.5 μm with the help of the UPG500. In addition the, the sub surface damage is only 3 - 7 μm on the UPG500 compared to 10 - 20 μm on the MCG500. With the achieved tolerances of the UPG500, the subsequent polishing process is shortened by approx. 30% compared to the upstream grinding process by the MCG500 and at the same time the process reliability to achieve the final specifications increases.","PeriodicalId":422212,"journal":{"name":"Precision Optics Manufacturing","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130297581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plasma Jet assisted smoothing of rough ground optical surfaces is presented. An accurate temperature regime during the process is inevitable to achieve a uniformly smoothed surface. The possibilities for in-process temperature control are demonstrated on the example of Fused Silica and N-BK7® polishing. For both materials, the surface roughness RMS value can be significantly reduced by a factor of 20 to 1000 depending on the material and the initial ground state. An annealing step after smoothing is necessary to minimize birefringence caused by internal stress. The achievement of the existing requirements for precision optics is demonstrated.
{"title":"Atmospheric plasma jet used as polishing tool for optical glasses","authors":"H. Müller, T. Arnold","doi":"10.1117/12.2631860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2631860","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma Jet assisted smoothing of rough ground optical surfaces is presented. An accurate temperature regime during the process is inevitable to achieve a uniformly smoothed surface. The possibilities for in-process temperature control are demonstrated on the example of Fused Silica and N-BK7® polishing. For both materials, the surface roughness RMS value can be significantly reduced by a factor of 20 to 1000 depending on the material and the initial ground state. An annealing step after smoothing is necessary to minimize birefringence caused by internal stress. The achievement of the existing requirements for precision optics is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":422212,"journal":{"name":"Precision Optics Manufacturing","volume":"31 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122747504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mechanical abrasion is usually accepted to be the predominant mechanism during material removal of glass via grinding. However, a certain chemical reaction of the used lubricant with the glass surface as occurring during polishing can be expected. Against this background, the impact of different types of water as lubricants, tap water and distilled deionised water, on surface roughness and the degree of contamination of bound abrasive ground heavy flint glass surfaces was investigated in this contribution. It is shown that in case of distilled deionised water, notably lower surface roughness is obtained. Moreover, huge differences in the presence of hydrogen and calcium were qualitatively measured via laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy. The results indicate that the type of water, and especially its content of mineral trace elements, has a mentionable impact on the grinding process and the state of the ground surface. Smoother surfaces with a lower amount of contaminations were achieved when using distilled deionised water in the course of the grinding process. This fact is of mentionable interest for the production of optical components where usually, optically inactive surfaces remain in the ground state.
{"title":"Impact of different types of water as lubricants on roughness and contamination of bound abrasive ground heavy flint glass surfaces","authors":"C. Gerhard, A. Dobis","doi":"10.1117/12.2631964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2631964","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical abrasion is usually accepted to be the predominant mechanism during material removal of glass via grinding. However, a certain chemical reaction of the used lubricant with the glass surface as occurring during polishing can be expected. Against this background, the impact of different types of water as lubricants, tap water and distilled deionised water, on surface roughness and the degree of contamination of bound abrasive ground heavy flint glass surfaces was investigated in this contribution. It is shown that in case of distilled deionised water, notably lower surface roughness is obtained. Moreover, huge differences in the presence of hydrogen and calcium were qualitatively measured via laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy. The results indicate that the type of water, and especially its content of mineral trace elements, has a mentionable impact on the grinding process and the state of the ground surface. Smoother surfaces with a lower amount of contaminations were achieved when using distilled deionised water in the course of the grinding process. This fact is of mentionable interest for the production of optical components where usually, optically inactive surfaces remain in the ground state.","PeriodicalId":422212,"journal":{"name":"Precision Optics Manufacturing","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125029569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olga Kukso, Michael F. Benisch, R. Rascher, Shadrach Sundar, M. Hacker, Manuel Duschl, Michel Nussbaum
The aim of the research was the development of a measurement and analysis method that enables the detection of errors and malfunctions within a machine tools and in the manufacturing process using acoustic sensors (microphones).
{"title":"Acoustic measurements for optics","authors":"Olga Kukso, Michael F. Benisch, R. Rascher, Shadrach Sundar, M. Hacker, Manuel Duschl, Michel Nussbaum","doi":"10.1117/12.2595330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2595330","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research was the development of a measurement and analysis method that enables the detection of errors and malfunctions within a machine tools and in the manufacturing process using acoustic sensors (microphones).","PeriodicalId":422212,"journal":{"name":"Precision Optics Manufacturing","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123764186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liquid-based lenses are of notable interest for the realization of prototypes, small batch series and even mass-product articles as for example micro lens arrays or low-cost optics. Hence, quite a number of different approaches for the manufacture of such lenses are in hand. The focal length of liquid lenses can be customized by the choice of the used liquid, a modification of its viscosity, for example via heating, substrate coating or overhead storing and curing. In this contribution, we present a further approach based on plasma treatment of the substrate surface where two different effects are generated by the use of different process gases. After treatment, optical cement is applied to the surfaces, forming a plano-convex lens due to surface tension. Argon plasma treatment leads to a reduction of the contact angle and an increase in the focal length of the lens in the course of treatment. The opposite effect, an increase in contact angle and a decrease in focal length, respectively, occurs when using octafluorocyclobutane as process gas. The possible range of currently realizable focal lengths and the particularly underlying effects are presented in this contribution.
{"title":"Plasma-induced shaping of liquid-based polymer lenses","authors":"C. Gerhard, G. Mielke, L. Beste, D. Tasche","doi":"10.1117/12.2594607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594607","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid-based lenses are of notable interest for the realization of prototypes, small batch series and even mass-product articles as for example micro lens arrays or low-cost optics. Hence, quite a number of different approaches for the manufacture of such lenses are in hand. The focal length of liquid lenses can be customized by the choice of the used liquid, a modification of its viscosity, for example via heating, substrate coating or overhead storing and curing. In this contribution, we present a further approach based on plasma treatment of the substrate surface where two different effects are generated by the use of different process gases. After treatment, optical cement is applied to the surfaces, forming a plano-convex lens due to surface tension. Argon plasma treatment leads to a reduction of the contact angle and an increase in the focal length of the lens in the course of treatment. The opposite effect, an increase in contact angle and a decrease in focal length, respectively, occurs when using octafluorocyclobutane as process gas. The possible range of currently realizable focal lengths and the particularly underlying effects are presented in this contribution.","PeriodicalId":422212,"journal":{"name":"Precision Optics Manufacturing","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116670303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The design of optical systems has two main tasks: (a) their optimal optical performance and (b) their optimal producibility; whereby the latter has to comply with the "magic triangle" of optical performance quality, fabrication cost and manufacturing throughput. Unfortunately, for decades there has been a major mismatch in designing optical systems. On one hand, optical system designers are well supported by State-of-The-Art optical design software tools while on the other hand, the design of optical fabrication chains and their cost, which is strongly interlinked with the parameters and tolerances of the optical system design, is still today completely depending on humans experiences and knowledge. Consequently, while optical system designs are well optimized for optical system performance, their optimization for optimal producibility and manufacturing chain design is not possible during the design phase of the optical system itself. This paper reports on the application of a novel approach to optical design strategies. Within a Swiss research project called PanDao, a new type of software tool was developed enabling the integration of producibility analyses and fabrication chain optimizations into the optical design process. PanDao reads in lens parameters and tolerances as described in the ISO 10110 standards and generates the optimal fabrication chain at minimum cost, taking more than 300 optical fabrication techniques into account.
{"title":"Balancing optical system design and optical fabrication chain design","authors":"O. Faehnle, E. Langenbach, I. Livshits","doi":"10.1117/12.2595065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2595065","url":null,"abstract":"The design of optical systems has two main tasks: (a) their optimal optical performance and (b) their optimal producibility; whereby the latter has to comply with the \"magic triangle\" of optical performance quality, fabrication cost and manufacturing throughput. Unfortunately, for decades there has been a major mismatch in designing optical systems. On one hand, optical system designers are well supported by State-of-The-Art optical design software tools while on the other hand, the design of optical fabrication chains and their cost, which is strongly interlinked with the parameters and tolerances of the optical system design, is still today completely depending on humans experiences and knowledge. Consequently, while optical system designs are well optimized for optical system performance, their optimization for optimal producibility and manufacturing chain design is not possible during the design phase of the optical system itself. This paper reports on the application of a novel approach to optical design strategies. Within a Swiss research project called PanDao, a new type of software tool was developed enabling the integration of producibility analyses and fabrication chain optimizations into the optical design process. PanDao reads in lens parameters and tolerances as described in the ISO 10110 standards and generates the optimal fabrication chain at minimum cost, taking more than 300 optical fabrication techniques into account.","PeriodicalId":422212,"journal":{"name":"Precision Optics Manufacturing","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133638531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deflectometric measurements using V-SPOT technology has been proven to achieve accurate surface profiles for aspheres at moderate cost and low preparation effort. In order to extend the resolution limit, the optical and mechanical device has been improved to provide on the one side topography information in the slope domain at high accuracy (< 5 μrad) and an improved lateral resolution (< 0,2 mm) to cover surface profile errors in the mid-spatial-frequency range from 1 to 10 mm-1. Within this publication we are providing the experimental setup and the measurement procedures to achieve production relevant information about the surface quality. Slope deviations of aspheric samples (glass and metal) are analyzed in angular spectral components and the surface profile is compared with interferometric data to proof accuracy and lateral resolution of our device. As final conclusion we outlook for further improvements of the proposed device to allow full control of form deviation and mid-spatial frequency errors.
{"title":"Knowing the limits: surface deviation in the mid-spatial-frequency range by deflectometric measurements","authors":"R. Kometer, E. Hofbauer","doi":"10.1117/12.2601919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2601919","url":null,"abstract":"Deflectometric measurements using V-SPOT technology has been proven to achieve accurate surface profiles for aspheres at moderate cost and low preparation effort. In order to extend the resolution limit, the optical and mechanical device has been improved to provide on the one side topography information in the slope domain at high accuracy (< 5 μrad) and an improved lateral resolution (< 0,2 mm) to cover surface profile errors in the mid-spatial-frequency range from 1 to 10 mm-1. Within this publication we are providing the experimental setup and the measurement procedures to achieve production relevant information about the surface quality. Slope deviations of aspheric samples (glass and metal) are analyzed in angular spectral components and the surface profile is compared with interferometric data to proof accuracy and lateral resolution of our device. As final conclusion we outlook for further improvements of the proposed device to allow full control of form deviation and mid-spatial frequency errors.","PeriodicalId":422212,"journal":{"name":"Precision Optics Manufacturing","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116286772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modern optical designs rely on a mix of spherical and aspherical lenses to reduce the element count, weight, overall price and assembly effort of optics. Aspherical elements are commonplace in specialized, high-performance laboratory and medical equipment as well as consumer electronics such as smartphone cameras. To produce these lenses, manufacturing shops need to have the necessary metrology tools, such as stitching interferometers, tactile measuring machines or null correctors for interferometers e.g. CGHs. This requirement may be an economic hurdle for smaller optical shops, which are specialized on small batch or single-item production. Therefore, researchers at THD work on a solution to provide a new class of economic, contactless, light-based measuring machines for aspherical as well as spherical or flat surfaces. The proposed machine is in principle a wavefront sensor and employs for this purpose an angle-sensitive filter e.g. a metallic interference filter. In this paper the steps to gain the prerequisite calibration of angle-sensitive filters are laid out. The commissioning of a filter transmission measuring machine is described. This machine consists of a laser-based illumination system, an angle measurement table, a telecentric lens with a scientific CMOS camera as well as data acquisition and data analysis software. Several “lessons learned” regarding the correct setup and alignment of the system are described. A first filter is measured and a diagram of transmission against angle is presented. A perspective of future work on the system, i.a. the usage of a Shack-Hartmann sensor for an orthogonal alignment of the beam axis with the rotational axis, is given.
{"title":"Design of a measuring machine for optical filters","authors":"M. Wagner","doi":"10.1117/12.2594445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594445","url":null,"abstract":"Modern optical designs rely on a mix of spherical and aspherical lenses to reduce the element count, weight, overall price and assembly effort of optics. Aspherical elements are commonplace in specialized, high-performance laboratory and medical equipment as well as consumer electronics such as smartphone cameras. To produce these lenses, manufacturing shops need to have the necessary metrology tools, such as stitching interferometers, tactile measuring machines or null correctors for interferometers e.g. CGHs. This requirement may be an economic hurdle for smaller optical shops, which are specialized on small batch or single-item production. Therefore, researchers at THD work on a solution to provide a new class of economic, contactless, light-based measuring machines for aspherical as well as spherical or flat surfaces. The proposed machine is in principle a wavefront sensor and employs for this purpose an angle-sensitive filter e.g. a metallic interference filter. In this paper the steps to gain the prerequisite calibration of angle-sensitive filters are laid out. The commissioning of a filter transmission measuring machine is described. This machine consists of a laser-based illumination system, an angle measurement table, a telecentric lens with a scientific CMOS camera as well as data acquisition and data analysis software. Several “lessons learned” regarding the correct setup and alignment of the system are described. A first filter is measured and a diagram of transmission against angle is presented. A perspective of future work on the system, i.a. the usage of a Shack-Hartmann sensor for an orthogonal alignment of the beam axis with the rotational axis, is given.","PeriodicalId":422212,"journal":{"name":"Precision Optics Manufacturing","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128221454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The joining of optical glasses is a challenge even with the latest technology. Welding with ultrashort pulsed lasers is a way to join similar or dissimilar glasses without additives or macroscopic thermal tensions. The laser beam is focused through the work piece on the interface to be welded. Due to the high intensity in the laser focus, the beam is absorbed via nonlinear effects in a volume with about 20 µm in diameter. Several laser pulses heat up the material to the working point, while the thermal conductivity limits the heat affected zone well below 1 mm. This process is usually conducted with microscope objectives. Their short working distance limits the thickness of the work piece, the usable laser power and the feed rate of the process. To increase the possible dimensions of the welding partners and the process speed to industrial levels, we present USP-welding with a galvoscanner and a common F-theta-lens. Despite self-focusing effects, our experiments show that the process is stable and controllable. Furthermore, filamentation of the laser beam occurs and long cylindrical weld zones of some micrometers diameter and several hundreds of micrometers height are generated. The enormous length of this molten zone significantly lowers the demands on the work piece adjustment. Tensile tests were conducted on the welded samples. The tests show that the weld can reach a breaking strength in the order of magnitude of the base material.
{"title":"Glass-welding with USP-lasers and long working distances","authors":"M. Kahle, D. Nodop, P. Wiemuth","doi":"10.1117/12.2593590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2593590","url":null,"abstract":"The joining of optical glasses is a challenge even with the latest technology. Welding with ultrashort pulsed lasers is a way to join similar or dissimilar glasses without additives or macroscopic thermal tensions. The laser beam is focused through the work piece on the interface to be welded. Due to the high intensity in the laser focus, the beam is absorbed via nonlinear effects in a volume with about 20 µm in diameter. Several laser pulses heat up the material to the working point, while the thermal conductivity limits the heat affected zone well below 1 mm. This process is usually conducted with microscope objectives. Their short working distance limits the thickness of the work piece, the usable laser power and the feed rate of the process. To increase the possible dimensions of the welding partners and the process speed to industrial levels, we present USP-welding with a galvoscanner and a common F-theta-lens. Despite self-focusing effects, our experiments show that the process is stable and controllable. Furthermore, filamentation of the laser beam occurs and long cylindrical weld zones of some micrometers diameter and several hundreds of micrometers height are generated. The enormous length of this molten zone significantly lowers the demands on the work piece adjustment. Tensile tests were conducted on the welded samples. The tests show that the weld can reach a breaking strength in the order of magnitude of the base material.","PeriodicalId":422212,"journal":{"name":"Precision Optics Manufacturing","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128226639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chromatic aberrations are limiting the imaging performance of lenses. The classical way to correct of chromatic aberrations using flint and crown glasses adds volume, surfaces, and cost to the optical system. We present a novel approach to the problem based on diffractive optical elements (DOE) which can be applied as thin layers of silicone on glass substrates. We explain the optical design, the tooling required for highly efficient DOEs and the manufacturing process.
{"title":"Silicone-on-glass (SOG) diffractive optical elements (DOE) for the correction of chromatic aberrations and lens shape","authors":"H. Ries, R. Leutz","doi":"10.1117/12.2595141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2595141","url":null,"abstract":"Chromatic aberrations are limiting the imaging performance of lenses. The classical way to correct of chromatic aberrations using flint and crown glasses adds volume, surfaces, and cost to the optical system. We present a novel approach to the problem based on diffractive optical elements (DOE) which can be applied as thin layers of silicone on glass substrates. We explain the optical design, the tooling required for highly efficient DOEs and the manufacturing process.","PeriodicalId":422212,"journal":{"name":"Precision Optics Manufacturing","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125997514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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