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Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories最新文献

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Search of Rock Representations in Northwestern Mongolia 蒙古西北部岩石表征的研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17746/2658-6193.2019.25.489-497
V. Molodin, D. Cheremisin, N. Batbold, Y. Nenakhova
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引用次数: 0
Southern Boundaries of Osipovka Cultural Area 奥西波夫卡文化区南部边界
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17746/2658-6193.2021.27.0188-0194
V. Medvedev, I. Filatova, E. Girchenko
The article concentrates on the Early Neolithic Osipovka culture of the Lower Amur and its southern boundaries. Due to the resumption of excavations at the Xiaonanshan site in the left bank of Ussuri River, Heilongjiang province, China, recently, it has become possible to conduct a comparative study of technical and typological characteristics of the ceramic material of these two territories. The following features were revealed: 1. Ceramics in both cases is loose, the composition of clay molding masses demonstrate the presence of additives: grus, sand, plant fibers, and crushed shell. 2. Prolonged low-temperature firing is typical of both territories. 3. Most common ceramic types are flat-bottomed vessels with a wide mouth of a truncated-conical shape. 4. The surface of the vessel was first covered with a reddish clay engobe, then with an ornament, and the authors also recorded the traces of smoothing the surface with grass. 5. Vessels were ornamented by narrow parallel grooves or grooves with a flat path between the edges made with a hard comb instrument. 6. The rim was ornamented with dissected narrow depressions or through holes. Among the investigated stone tools, bifacial spearheads and arrows as well as sinkers of various shapes prevail, which indicates that the economy of both Osipovka culture bearers and the inhabitants of the Xiaonanshan site were based on a combination of fishing and hunting. The revealed similarities probably indicate that these materials represent a complex of cultures of a single areal. Moreover, the artifacts found at the Xiaonanshan site show definite differences from other materials found in northern China and differ significantly from the traditions typical for the Middle Yellow River or the Yangtze Valley. Probably, the south-west of the Lower Priamurye, the wide-known autochthonous center of ancient pottery, could be a zone of contacts of this region and both more southern and more eastern territories. The Osipovka influence went beyond the Amur region, which is very important for understanding the processes of Neolithization in the North East Asia.
本文主要研究阿穆尔河下游及其南部边界地区新石器时代早期的奥西波夫卡文化。近年来,中国黑龙江省乌苏里江左岸小南山遗址恢复了考古发掘工作,对这两个地区陶瓷材料的技术特征和类型学特征进行了比较研究。揭示了以下特征:1。在这两种情况下,陶瓷都是松散的,粘土模塑块的组成表明存在添加剂:草、沙子、植物纤维和碎壳。2. 长时间的低温射击是这两个领域的典型特征。3.最常见的陶瓷类型是平底容器,具有截断圆锥形的宽口。4. 容器的表面首先覆盖了一层红色的粘土,然后是装饰品,作者还记录了用草平滑表面的痕迹。5. 器皿上装饰着狭窄的平行凹槽或边缘之间有平坦路径的凹槽,这些凹槽是用硬梳子工具制作的。6. 边缘装饰着被切开的狭窄凹陷或通孔。在被调查的石器中,双面矛和箭头以及各种形状的下沉器普遍存在,这表明奥西波夫卡文化的载体和小南山遗址的居民的经济都是基于捕鱼和狩猎的结合。所揭示的相似性可能表明这些材料代表了单一地区的复杂文化。此外,在小南山遗址发现的文物与在中国北方发现的其他材料有明显的不同,与黄河中游或长江流域典型的传统有很大不同。很可能,下普里亚穆耶(Lower Priamurye)的西南部,即众所周知的古代陶器的本土中心,可能是这个地区以及更南部和更东部地区的联系区域。奥西波夫卡的影响超出了阿穆尔河地区,这对了解东北亚新石器时代的进程具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Field Research in the Bulunsky District (the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)) in 2021 2021年在布伦斯基地区(萨哈共和国(雅库特))进行实地研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17746/2658-6193.2021.27.0122-0127
A. Kandyba, I. S. Pavlov, V. Bochkarev, M. Gladysheva, A. Protopopov
The study of the problem of the initial development and subsequent settlement by ancient human populations of extreme natural zones is difficult to study, but, in the case of discovering archaeological and paleontological locations, it is a very informative source. The first discoveries of traces of the presence of an ancient man in the Bulunsky district date back to the beginning of the 19th century, and they continued sporadically throughout the entire 20th century, and especially intensified at the beginning of the 21st century. The discovered locations are represented by both mass material and single finds. In 2021, field studies were carried out in Neelov Bay on the side of the Bykovsky peninsula and the Kozhevin-Vollosovich interfluve in the north of the Kotelny Island of the Anju archipelago of the New Siberian Islands. These areas represent the arctic tundra with active thermal denudation processes, which contribute to the discovery of paleontological remains of mammoth fauna, and often lead to the regular seasonal destruction of paleontological and archaeological sites. New archaeological and paleontological material found on the southeastern coast of Neelov Bay demonstrates the intensity of the development of the most ancient populations of people in the Arctic zone of Eastern Siberia. The result was the discovery of new Pleistocene fauna complexes, as well as the verification of the previously discovered Taba-Yuryakh location. The obtained osteological material belongs to the Late Pleistocene mammoth complex. On some of the bones, traces of human influence were found, presumably hunting or cutting, which indicates the active development of the ancient population of the Arctic zone of Yakutia in the Paleolithic. The obtained data will make it possible to significantly correct the existing ideas of the chronology and sequence of development of the Paleolithic industries and paleoecological settings of this region at a later stage of the Quaternary age.
对极端自然地带古代人类最初的发展和后来的定居问题的研究是很难研究的,但是,在发现考古和古生物地点的情况下,它是一个非常有用的资料来源。在布伦斯基地区首次发现古人类存在的痕迹可以追溯到19世纪初,在整个20世纪,这些发现零星地持续着,在21世纪初尤其加强。发现的地点由大量物质和单个发现来表示。2021年,在Bykovsky半岛一侧的Neelov湾和新西伯利亚群岛Anju群岛Kotelny岛北部的Kozhevin-Vollosovich干流进行了实地研究。这些地区代表了活跃的热剥蚀过程的北极苔原,这有助于发现猛犸象动物群的古生物遗迹,并经常导致古生物和考古遗址的定期季节性破坏。在涅洛夫湾东南海岸发现的新的考古和古生物材料证明了东西伯利亚北极地区最古老人群的发展强度。结果是发现了新的更新世动物群,并验证了先前发现的Taba-Yuryakh位置。所获得的骨材料属于晚更新世猛犸象复合体。在一些骨头上,发现了人类影响的痕迹,可能是狩猎或切割,这表明旧石器时代北极地区雅库特的古代人口活跃发展。所获得的资料将有可能在第四纪后期显著纠正该地区旧石器时代工业发展的年代和顺序以及古生态背景的现有观念。
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引用次数: 0
Problems of Ethnic and Cultural Identity of the Ukrainian Population of Western Siberia (Early 20th and Early 21st Centuries) 西伯利亚西部乌克兰人口的民族和文化认同问题(20世纪初和21世纪初)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17746/2658-6193.2019.25.748-753
E. Fursova
Причина, привлекшая внимание к проблеме этнокультурной идентичности украинских переселенцев в Сибири начала ХХ в. и начала XXI в., кроется в остроте их собственных переживаний по поводу самотождественности, обсуждаемой сегодня среди российских ученых. Исследование этнокультурной идентичности тесным образом связано с решением проблемы критериев формирования этнического самосознания. В последние годы в трудах антропологов и философов предлагается различать идентичность как внутреннее чувство (осознание себя, Self) в сравнении с внешней информацией о себе, т.е. со стороны. На материалах украинских переселенцев Сибири поставлена задача проанализировать специфику процессов этнокультурной идентификации двух групп переселенцев – столыпинских и современных выходцев с территории Казахстана. Привлекая полевые экспедиционные материалы, автор приходит к выводу о формировании плавающей или ситуативной идентичности столыпинских переселенцев Западной Сибири, которая включает также промежуточные русско-украинские варианты («хахлы»). Особенно ярко эта ситуация прослеживается при их сравнении с южнорусскими переселенцами, которых украинцы отделяли как иную культурную общность («кацапы»). Однако те и другие в представлении сибирских старожилов составляли единую группу с коллективным прозвищем «хахлы». Описанная ситуация объясняет нестыковки в переписях населения Советского Союза 1959, 1970, 1979 и 1989 гг., обусловленных именно существованием ситуативной или плавающей идентичности украинских жителей, а не медлительными процессами ассимиляции или «русификации». Казахстанские переселенцы, прибывавшие на сибирские земли последние тридцать лет, демонстрируют выраженную украинскую идентичность, обусловленную спецификой проживания в инокультурном и иноконфессиональном окружении прежнего местожительства.
20世纪20年代初和21世纪初,西伯利亚的乌克兰移民的民族文化认同问题引起了人们的注意。原因在于他们自己对身份认同的强烈担忧,这是俄罗斯科学家今天所讨论的。对民族文化身份的研究与解决民族身份形成标准的问题密切相关。近年来,人类学家和哲学家的著作建议将身份区分为一种内在的感觉(自我意识,自我意识),而不是外在的信息。在乌克兰移民西伯利亚的文件中,任务是分析两组移民的民族文化识别过程——斯托利平斯基和今天的哈萨克斯坦人。提交人援引实地考察资料得出结论,认为西伯利亚西部的斯托利平移民形成了浮游或情境身份,其中还包括俄罗斯和乌克兰的中期选择(“hhl”)。与他们相比,这种情况尤其引人注目,乌克兰人将这种情况划分为不同的文化共同体。然而,在西伯利亚老年居民的代表中,这两个人都是一个集体名称为“哈赫拉”的群体。这种情况解释了1959年、1970年、1979年和1989年苏联人口普查中的差异,原因是乌克兰人的情况或身份的存在,而不是缓慢的同化过程或“俄罗斯化”。在过去30年里抵达西伯利亚的哈萨克斯坦移民表现出明显的乌克兰身份,因为他们生活在以前居住地的外国文化和宗教环境中。
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引用次数: 4
Faunal Assemblage and Spatial Structure of the Initial Upper Paleolithic Site in Northern Mongolia (Tolbor-21) 蒙古北部早期旧石器时代遗址(Tolbor-21)的动物组合与空间结构
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17746/2658-6193.2019.25.231-237
E. Rybin, E. Ras, A. Klementiev, W. Rendu, A. Khatsenovich, D. V. Marchenko, B. Gunchinsuren, Archaeology Mas
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引用次数: 0
New Results of Research at the Mališina Stijena Rock Shelter in Montenegro 黑山Mališina Stijena岩石避难所研究的新成果
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17746/2658-6193.2019.25.095-102
A. Derevianko, M. Shunkov, L. Bulatović, A. Anoikin, V. Ulianov, M. Kozlikin, I. Medenica
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引用次数: 0
Archaeological Research of 2019 at the Ust-Tartas-2 Burial Ground of the Bronze Age 青铜时代Ust-Tartas-2墓地2019年考古研究
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17746/2658-6193.2019.25.471-477
V. Molodin, L. Mylnikova, M. S. Nesterova, L. S. Kobeleva, D. V. Selin, D. Nenakhov, V. Stepanova
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引用次数: 1
Results of Rescue Archaeological Works by the Yugan Team from the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the SB RAS in Surgutsky District of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra in 2019 2019年汉特-曼西自治区苏尔古茨基地区SB RAS考古与民族志研究所余干队救援考古工作成果
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17746/2658-6193.2019.25.774-777
A.А. Dudkо, Y. Vasilyeva
В 2019 г. Юганским отрядом ИАЭТ СО РАН проведены спасательные археологические раскопки на выявленных объектах археологического наследия «Селище Кулунигый-5», «Поселение Кулунигый-71», «Группа впадин Кулунигый-72», «Могильник Кулунигый-73», которые расположены в границах участка, подлежащего хозяйственному освоению на территории Среднеугутского месторождения нефти в Сургутском р-не ХМАО – Югры. В результате исследования на периферии селища Кулунигый-5 в границах раскопа No 4 обнаружены хозяйственная конструкция, углубленная в материковый слой, внешний очаг, а также золисто-углистое пятно, в заполнении которого выявлено несколько фрагментов керамики. В ходе работ на поселении Кулунигый-71 на площади раскопа No 1 изучена центральная часть памятника. Археологический материал залегал в трех культурных горизонтах в стратиграфической последовательности: VII–VIII вв. н.э. – кучиминская археологическая культура, IV–I вв. до н.э. – ранний этап кулайской археологической культуры, середина IV тыс. до н.э. – период энеолита. Археологический материал представлен фрагментами керамических сосудов, предметами каменной индустрии. Объект археологического наследия «Группа впадин Кулунигый-72» исследован в периферийной части – археологические сооружения не вскрывались, т.к. они не попадают в зону хозяйственного освоения. На участке раскопа No 1 археологические предметы и археологизированные сооружения не выявлены, культурный слой не обнаружен. На площади раскопа No 11 могильника Кулунигый-73 зафиксированы две хозяйственные ямы и внешний очаг. При просеве заполнения ямы 1 обнаружена кремневая микропластина. При разборе внешнего очага были отмечены остеологические остатки.
2019年,尤甘的iaat部队在库伦格尼格5号考古遗址、“库伦格尼格71号”、“库伦格涅格72号考古遗址”、库伦格涅格73号考古遗址进行了考古遗址挖掘。在第4号挖掘范围内的库伦格尼格5号发现了一种深入地壳、外层和灰泥的经济结构,其中发现了几块陶瓷碎片。在挖掘广场71号的库伦格尼格尼格71上,人们研究了纪念碑的中心部分。考古材料以地层序列7 - 8 v进入三个文化领域。kutchimin考古文化,IV - I vv。公元前4万年前,库利亚考古文化的早期阶段。考古材料由陶瓷容器碎片、石化工业物品组成。库伦格尼格-72考古遗址在周边地区进行了研究——考古建筑由于不进入经济开发区域而未被打开。在第1号挖掘现场没有发现考古物品和考古建筑,也没有发现文化层。在11号发掘广场上,库伦格尼格73号坟墓有两个坑和一个外壁炉。当填满洞1时,发现了硅微板。在检查外部壁炉时,发现了骨质残留物。
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引用次数: 1
Preliminary Results of Studying Ceramics from the Karbinskoye I Settlement of Early Iron Age in Priketye 普里基特耶早期铁器时代Karbinskoye I定居点陶瓷研究的初步结果
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17746/2658-6193.2021.27.0662-0668
N. Stepanova, D. Rybakov
The article discusses the results of studying ceramics of the early Iron Age from the Karbinskoye I settlement in Priketye, located in the eastern part of the Narym Ob region. Within the framework of the historical and cultural approach, samples of 47 vessels from this site were studied. It was found that the ceramics were made from qualitatively different clays: ferruginous and non-ferruginous, mostly low-plastic. Six recipes for the preparation of molding materials were revealed. The main tradition in the use of mineral admixtures is the addition of chamotte, and the recipe for clay + chamotte + organic (73 %). The second place is taken by the clay + organic recipe (19 %). An unusual skill is the addition of slag to molding materials. The use of a large number of clay sources, the presence of several recipes indicate different skills in making ceramics and several groups of potters. A comparative analysis of the data obtained with the results of a technical and technological analysis of ceramics from other sites from the Narym and Tomsk Ob regions is carried out. The similarities and differences in the skills of selection of raw materials and the preparation of molding masses were revealed. Common features include the use of non-ferruginous and low-ferruginous clays, which distinguishes these collections from the sites of the Early Iron Age in the adjacent territories. Ceramics from the Narym and Tomsk Ob regions are distinguished by traditions in the use ofmineral impurities: in the Narym Ob region chamotte was added to the molding mass, in the Tomsk Ob region—crushed stone. In both regions, a clay + organics recipe was identified, possibly associated with a special group of population, which is not numerous at all the studied sites.
这篇文章讨论了对位于Narym Ob地区东部的Priketye Karbinskoye I定居点的早期铁器时代陶瓷的研究结果。在历史和文化方法的框架内,研究了来自该遗址的47艘船只的样本。结果发现,陶瓷是由性质不同的粘土制成的:含铁的和非含铁的,大多数是低塑性的。介绍了六种成型材料的制备方法。使用矿物外加剂的主要传统是添加胭脂,配方为粘土+胭脂+有机(73%)。第二名是粘土+有机配方(19%)。一项不寻常的技能是在成型材料中加入炉渣。大量粘土来源的使用,几种配方的存在表明制作陶瓷的不同技能和几个陶工群体。将获得的数据与纳尔姆和托木斯克Ob地区其他地点的陶瓷技术分析结果进行了比较分析。揭示了两种工艺在原料选择和模体制备工艺上的异同。共同的特征包括使用非含铁和低含铁粘土,这将这些收藏与邻近地区的早期铁器时代遗址区分开来。纳里姆和托木斯克奥布地区的陶瓷以使用矿物杂质的传统而闻名:在纳里姆奥布地区,在成型块中添加了沙莫特,在托木斯克奥布地区,使用碎石料。在这两个地区,都发现了粘土+有机物的配方,可能与一个特殊群体有关,这个群体在所有研究地点都不是很多。
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引用次数: 0
New Evidence on Economic Activities of the Tatars from the Village of Bolshemurly in Bolsherechensky District of Omsk Region in the Late 20th–Early 21st Century 20世纪末至21世纪初鄂木斯克州布尔舍列琴斯基区布尔舍穆里村鞑靼人经济活动的新证据
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.17746/2658-6193.2019.25.743-747
M. Tikhomirova
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Problems of Archaeology, Ethnography, Anthropology of Siberia and Neighboring Territories
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