Pub Date : 1982-06-07DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1982.7464493
J. Tanaka, R. Luther
Halos found in polyethylene cables removed for failure analyses are characterized. The halos are produced by some volatile materials. Water analysis shows a higher water content within the halo than in areas where the halo does not exist. Some organic volatiles introduced at the time of manufacture remain. Acetophenone is variable depending on the particular failure sample. Other organics, some dicumylperoxide decomposition products and some not, are also identified. None of these could be specifically correlated with the presence or absence of the halo. The character of the halos was found to change slowly with time after the cable was removed from the ground. The questions raised by these findings are discussed.
{"title":"Analysis of cables with visible halos","authors":"J. Tanaka, R. Luther","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1982.7464493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1982.7464493","url":null,"abstract":"Halos found in polyethylene cables removed for failure analyses are characterized. The halos are produced by some volatile materials. Water analysis shows a higher water content within the halo than in areas where the halo does not exist. Some organic volatiles introduced at the time of manufacture remain. Acetophenone is variable depending on the particular failure sample. Other organics, some dicumylperoxide decomposition products and some not, are also identified. None of these could be specifically correlated with the presence or absence of the halo. The character of the halos was found to change slowly with time after the cable was removed from the ground. The questions raised by these findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":422317,"journal":{"name":"1982 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128861027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-06-07DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1982.7464443
C. Cooke, Z. Liu, A. Rynkowski
High magnetic fields have been used to perturb the growth of electrical trees in solid insulation. The results indicate the nature of the mechanism of tree growth by distinguishing high and low velocity discharge phenomena.
高磁场已被用来干扰固体绝缘中导电树的生长。通过对高、低速放电现象的区分，揭示了树木生长机理的本质。
{"title":"Properties of tree growth under high magnetic fields Massachusetts institute of technology high voltage research laboratory","authors":"C. Cooke, Z. Liu, A. Rynkowski","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1982.7464443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1982.7464443","url":null,"abstract":"High magnetic fields have been used to perturb the growth of electrical trees in solid insulation. The results indicate the nature of the mechanism of tree growth by distinguishing high and low velocity discharge phenomena.","PeriodicalId":422317,"journal":{"name":"1982 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133122121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1982.7464455
S. Yasufuku, K. Goto
In order to investigate how the water dissolved in dielectric fluids at room temperature behaves in case of being subjected to cooling/heating, such dielectric fluids as alkyldiphenylethane and dimethyl silicone liquid of 50 cSt at 25°C in which various amounts of water were dissolved were investigated calorimetrically, using highly precise Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Moreover, the degree of turbidity of the specimens which were cooled or heated in a constant rate in a low temperature bath was observed visually to detect the appearance and disappearance of coagulation of the dissolved water in them. As a result, it has been found out that, whereas the water dissolved in alkyldiphenylethane appears to be led to an icy state, a coagulated state and a dissolved state at low temperatures, depending on its water contents, that in dimethyl silicone liquid appears to be led to a coagulated state and a dissolved state, without any indication of formation of the ice crystals. The authors have succeeded in determining quantitatively the ice crystals produced from the water dissolved in a dielectric fluid at low temperatures using Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Thus, it has been concluded that this method has proved very useful for investigating the crystallization behavior of dissolved water existing in dielectric fluids at low temperatures, although it goes without saying that this method is also available for their crystallization temperature and glass transition temperature measurements at low temperatures.
{"title":"Calorimetric analysis of water dissolved in dielectric fluids","authors":"S. Yasufuku, K. Goto","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1982.7464455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1982.7464455","url":null,"abstract":"In order to investigate how the water dissolved in dielectric fluids at room temperature behaves in case of being subjected to cooling/heating, such dielectric fluids as alkyldiphenylethane and dimethyl silicone liquid of 50 cSt at 25°C in which various amounts of water were dissolved were investigated calorimetrically, using highly precise Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Moreover, the degree of turbidity of the specimens which were cooled or heated in a constant rate in a low temperature bath was observed visually to detect the appearance and disappearance of coagulation of the dissolved water in them. As a result, it has been found out that, whereas the water dissolved in alkyldiphenylethane appears to be led to an icy state, a coagulated state and a dissolved state at low temperatures, depending on its water contents, that in dimethyl silicone liquid appears to be led to a coagulated state and a dissolved state, without any indication of formation of the ice crystals. The authors have succeeded in determining quantitatively the ice crystals produced from the water dissolved in a dielectric fluid at low temperatures using Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Thus, it has been concluded that this method has proved very useful for investigating the crystallization behavior of dissolved water existing in dielectric fluids at low temperatures, although it goes without saying that this method is also available for their crystallization temperature and glass transition temperature measurements at low temperatures.","PeriodicalId":422317,"journal":{"name":"1982 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115639372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1982.7464457
J. Aceves, I. D. Couper
In order to analyze and interpret a.c. data obtained from dielectric measurements of insulator materials, attemps have been made to understand the a.c. behaviour of simple R.C. circuits, so than an appropriate simulation can be made. The plots and some data from insulator materials are presented including the well known temperature and frequency dependance of the resistive component. The analysis of simple R.C. circuits is intended to help the understanding of the complex behaviour of insulators.
{"title":"Electrical conductivity in insulating materials","authors":"J. Aceves, I. D. Couper","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1982.7464457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1982.7464457","url":null,"abstract":"In order to analyze and interpret a.c. data obtained from dielectric measurements of insulator materials, attemps have been made to understand the a.c. behaviour of simple R.C. circuits, so than an appropriate simulation can be made. The plots and some data from insulator materials are presented including the well known temperature and frequency dependance of the resistive component. The analysis of simple R.C. circuits is intended to help the understanding of the complex behaviour of insulators.","PeriodicalId":422317,"journal":{"name":"1982 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116860290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1982.7464484
M. Yamada, T. Okamoto, A. Kurahashi
An estimate method of flashover voltage in oil gap under non-uniform field is proposed. The method is deduced on the base of the n power law for V-d characteristic confirmed experimentally under uniform field. The method developed in this paper enables the V-d characteristics of oil gaps under various electric field distribution to be calculated. The comparison of calculation with experiments in corner-plane, rod-rod, rod-plane electrode and coil insulation models of transformer are summarized. The V-d characteristics obtained by this method agree approximately with experimental results.
{"title":"Study on estimate approach of flashover voltage in oil gap under non-uniform field","authors":"M. Yamada, T. Okamoto, A. Kurahashi","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1982.7464484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1982.7464484","url":null,"abstract":"An estimate method of flashover voltage in oil gap under non-uniform field is proposed. The method is deduced on the base of the n power law for V-d characteristic confirmed experimentally under uniform field. The method developed in this paper enables the V-d characteristics of oil gaps under various electric field distribution to be calculated. The comparison of calculation with experiments in corner-plane, rod-rod, rod-plane electrode and coil insulation models of transformer are summarized. The V-d characteristics obtained by this method agree approximately with experimental results.","PeriodicalId":422317,"journal":{"name":"1982 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122407436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1982.7464459
R. Goffaux
This partial discharges metrology is based on the neutralization kinetics of initiated charges, gouverned by the electrical conductivity of the wall surrounding the ionized voids.
这种局部放电计量是基于初始电荷的中和动力学，由电离空洞周围壁的电导率控制。
{"title":"A new electrical metrology of H.V. insulation of rotating machines","authors":"R. Goffaux","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1982.7464459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1982.7464459","url":null,"abstract":"This partial discharges metrology is based on the neutralization kinetics of initiated charges, gouverned by the electrical conductivity of the wall surrounding the ionized voids.","PeriodicalId":422317,"journal":{"name":"1982 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115855489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1982.7464426
P. Paloniemi, Paul Lindström
1) In spite of the complicated ageing behaviour of wire coatings the EAP method produces results of satisfactory reliability. 2) Effect of the base metal on the thermal endurance of the coating varies very much, depending on the coating type. Whereas the effect on poly(vinyl acetal) seems to be negligible, it is very significant on AI overcoated polyester, giving to Aluminium wires 15 … 20 K higher rating than to Copper wires. Effect on poly(ester imide) was found to be temperature-dependent, the difference diminishing towards lower temperature and probably being insignificant at the service temperature range. 3) Atmospheric humidity in the air surrounding the ageing ovens may have a very significant influence on ageing test results, especially on condensation polymers. Undoubtedly this may be one reason for the large scatter of twist test results sometimes obtained; in addition it may distort even the shape of the Arrhenius plot, e.g. due to seasonal variations in the absolute humidity. As a consequence, some kind of humidity control should always be used when ageing tests on materials susceptible to hydrolytic degradation are performed.
{"title":"Comparative tests on thermal endurance of enamelled copper and aluminium wires, using the conventional ageing test procedure and the equalized ageing process method","authors":"P. Paloniemi, Paul Lindström","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1982.7464426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1982.7464426","url":null,"abstract":"1) In spite of the complicated ageing behaviour of wire coatings the EAP method produces results of satisfactory reliability. 2) Effect of the base metal on the thermal endurance of the coating varies very much, depending on the coating type. Whereas the effect on poly(vinyl acetal) seems to be negligible, it is very significant on AI overcoated polyester, giving to Aluminium wires 15 … 20 K higher rating than to Copper wires. Effect on poly(ester imide) was found to be temperature-dependent, the difference diminishing towards lower temperature and probably being insignificant at the service temperature range. 3) Atmospheric humidity in the air surrounding the ageing ovens may have a very significant influence on ageing test results, especially on condensation polymers. Undoubtedly this may be one reason for the large scatter of twist test results sometimes obtained; in addition it may distort even the shape of the Arrhenius plot, e.g. due to seasonal variations in the absolute humidity. As a consequence, some kind of humidity control should always be used when ageing tests on materials susceptible to hydrolytic degradation are performed.","PeriodicalId":422317,"journal":{"name":"1982 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122132478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1982.7464437
S. Theoleyre, R. Tobazéon
The study of high field conduction of an highly polar liquid, propylene carbonate (εr = 65) is bath of fundamental and practical interest. It is proved that fields up to 450 kV/cm applied with metallic electrodes to the liquid, deionized by electrodialysis, produce negative ion injection. Ions are produced at the liquid-metal interface by an electrochemical process which is probally the reduction of the liquid. The current density versus the applied field is described by a unique curve in the range of studied conductivities. This is in agreement with a previous model according to which the injected current is controlled by electrochemical kinetics. Electrohydrodynamic turbulent motions of the liquid have but a small influence on the calculated currents. Fast transient measurements of the currents following a voltage step show that the kinetics of the injection in our experimental conditions is a fast process. This gives promise for applications needing strong carrier injection, such as liquid electrostatic generators.
{"title":"High field conduction in propylene carbonate","authors":"S. Theoleyre, R. Tobazéon","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1982.7464437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1982.7464437","url":null,"abstract":"The study of high field conduction of an highly polar liquid, propylene carbonate (εr = 65) is bath of fundamental and practical interest. It is proved that fields up to 450 kV/cm applied with metallic electrodes to the liquid, deionized by electrodialysis, produce negative ion injection. Ions are produced at the liquid-metal interface by an electrochemical process which is probally the reduction of the liquid. The current density versus the applied field is described by a unique curve in the range of studied conductivities. This is in agreement with a previous model according to which the injected current is controlled by electrochemical kinetics. Electrohydrodynamic turbulent motions of the liquid have but a small influence on the calculated currents. Fast transient measurements of the currents following a voltage step show that the kinetics of the injection in our experimental conditions is a fast process. This gives promise for applications needing strong carrier injection, such as liquid electrostatic generators.","PeriodicalId":422317,"journal":{"name":"1982 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"08 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128967643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1982.7464492
S. Grzybowski, A. Rakowska, P. Zubielik
This paper presents a study of the effect of granulate quality on the morphology of various polyethylene compounds. Data was obtained using a scanning electron microscope and an infrared spectroscope.
本文研究了颗粒质量对各种聚乙烯化合物形貌的影响。使用扫描电子显微镜和红外分光镜获得数据。
{"title":"The morphology of pe insulation according to the quality of pe granulate","authors":"S. Grzybowski, A. Rakowska, P. Zubielik","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1982.7464492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1982.7464492","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a study of the effect of granulate quality on the morphology of various polyethylene compounds. Data was obtained using a scanning electron microscope and an infrared spectroscope.","PeriodicalId":422317,"journal":{"name":"1982 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131526278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1982.7464460
A. Nosseir, E. El-Sharkawi, M. Awad, H. Zarzoura
The surface temperature of energized, wetted by steam fog, polluted insulator string model was measured and scanned from the instant of voltage application using an infra-red camera. Visicorder oscillographs were used to trace and record the leakage currents. Results show that the presence of capacitance increases the maximum surface temperature, enhances the degree of non-uniform temperature distribution, helps the formation of dry bands and increases the level and intensity of discharges as well as the probability of the formation of large magnitude leakage current pulses.
{"title":"Temperature distribution on polluted insulator string model","authors":"A. Nosseir, E. El-Sharkawi, M. Awad, H. Zarzoura","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1982.7464460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1982.7464460","url":null,"abstract":"The surface temperature of energized, wetted by steam fog, polluted insulator string model was measured and scanned from the instant of voltage application using an infra-red camera. Visicorder oscillographs were used to trace and record the leakage currents. Results show that the presence of capacitance increases the maximum surface temperature, enhances the degree of non-uniform temperature distribution, helps the formation of dry bands and increases the level and intensity of discharges as well as the probability of the formation of large magnitude leakage current pulses.","PeriodicalId":422317,"journal":{"name":"1982 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121125478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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