Pub Date : 1982-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1982.7464473
K. Spriggs
The relatively new transient voltage method is a promising technique for measuring the discharge parameters, particularly ionization coefficients, in gaseous dielectrics. A comprehensive theory for the method, including the effects of electron longitudinal diffusion, has recently been developed. The first results from the method, using that new theory, have also been obtained. The aim of this paper is to present a sensitivity and error analysis of those results. That analysis is of particular interest because of the non-analytic nature of the governing equations. Sensitivity curves are presented for each independent variable over the full range of applied field (400 < E/N < 2200 Td, 1Td= 10−17 V.cm2). Results are also presented for the weighted error contribution of each variable to the overall variance as well as the overall coefficient of variation in primary ionization coefficient as E/N varies. The results are discussed in relation to the competitiveness of the method, the role of longitudinal diffusion and the future use of automatic measuring systems able to exploit the single shot nature of the discharge measurement technique.
{"title":"Sensitivity & errors in transient voltage measurement of gaseous ionization","authors":"K. Spriggs","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1982.7464473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1982.7464473","url":null,"abstract":"The relatively new transient voltage method is a promising technique for measuring the discharge parameters, particularly ionization coefficients, in gaseous dielectrics. A comprehensive theory for the method, including the effects of electron longitudinal diffusion, has recently been developed. The first results from the method, using that new theory, have also been obtained. The aim of this paper is to present a sensitivity and error analysis of those results. That analysis is of particular interest because of the non-analytic nature of the governing equations. Sensitivity curves are presented for each independent variable over the full range of applied field (400 < E/N < 2200 Td, 1Td= 10−17 V.cm2). Results are also presented for the weighted error contribution of each variable to the overall variance as well as the overall coefficient of variation in primary ionization coefficient as E/N varies. The results are discussed in relation to the competitiveness of the method, the role of longitudinal diffusion and the future use of automatic measuring systems able to exploit the single shot nature of the discharge measurement technique.","PeriodicalId":422317,"journal":{"name":"1982 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"110 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133753273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1982.7464428
R. Simpson
Results are presented of investigations into the thermal ageing behavior of a high temperature resin/nonwoven mat composite electrical insulation material. The clegree of ageing has been assessed by measuring the time rate of decrease of dielectric strength in the composite using a curved electrode fixture after ageing the composite in air for predetermined times as elevated temperatures, The composite was also evaluated as a component of an electrical insulation system that was subjected to thermal ageing in air followed by a sequence of exposures to vibration, cold shock, and humidity. Thermal endurance of the insulation system was determined by measuring the time to dielectric failure of a component in the system when subjected to a predetermined dielectric stress. The thermal ageing test results are reported as a time-temperature relationship using the logarithm of the test time to failure as a function of the reciprocal of the absolute ageing temperature in degrees Kelvin.
{"title":"Thermal ageing of a high temperature composite abstract","authors":"R. Simpson","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1982.7464428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1982.7464428","url":null,"abstract":"Results are presented of investigations into the thermal ageing behavior of a high temperature resin/nonwoven mat composite electrical insulation material. The clegree of ageing has been assessed by measuring the time rate of decrease of dielectric strength in the composite using a curved electrode fixture after ageing the composite in air for predetermined times as elevated temperatures, The composite was also evaluated as a component of an electrical insulation system that was subjected to thermal ageing in air followed by a sequence of exposures to vibration, cold shock, and humidity. Thermal endurance of the insulation system was determined by measuring the time to dielectric failure of a component in the system when subjected to a predetermined dielectric stress. The thermal ageing test results are reported as a time-temperature relationship using the logarithm of the test time to failure as a function of the reciprocal of the absolute ageing temperature in degrees Kelvin.","PeriodicalId":422317,"journal":{"name":"1982 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133062927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1982.7464449
Y. Abed
This paper reports an experimental investigation of the breakdown phenomenon of three types of synthetic insulating materials namely polystrene, polyvinyl chloride and teflon. The investigations of breakdown phenomenon of these materials are conducted on square sheets, each of 0.5 mm thickness and 10 cm on side, immersed in transformer oil under A. C. voltage in uniform and non-uniform field configurations.
{"title":"Experimental and digital determination of breakdown voltage of different synthetic insulating materials","authors":"Y. Abed","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1982.7464449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1982.7464449","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports an experimental investigation of the breakdown phenomenon of three types of synthetic insulating materials namely polystrene, polyvinyl chloride and teflon. The investigations of breakdown phenomenon of these materials are conducted on square sheets, each of 0.5 mm thickness and 10 cm on side, immersed in transformer oil under A. C. voltage in uniform and non-uniform field configurations.","PeriodicalId":422317,"journal":{"name":"1982 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122107892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1982.7464463
Howard M. Krevit, D. Damon, Julian F. Johnson, S. Heyer
The amount and composition of low molecular weight volatile compounds found in extruded polymeric dielectric cable insulation can influence the extent of degradation and offer valuable clues as to the nature of the polymeric degradation and the presence of various additives. Analysis of such volatile materials is, therefore, of considerable interest. The objective of this study was to analytically determine the volatile components present in EPR and EPDM electrical insulation. This work involved the development of a new analytical technique combining thermogravimetric analysis for isolation and trapping of the volatile components and GC/MS, gas chromatography- mass spectroscopy analysis for identification. A separate water analysis was employed to quantitatively determine water present in the insulations.
{"title":"Analysis of volatile components in polymeric dielectric insulation","authors":"Howard M. Krevit, D. Damon, Julian F. Johnson, S. Heyer","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1982.7464463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1982.7464463","url":null,"abstract":"The amount and composition of low molecular weight volatile compounds found in extruded polymeric dielectric cable insulation can influence the extent of degradation and offer valuable clues as to the nature of the polymeric degradation and the presence of various additives. Analysis of such volatile materials is, therefore, of considerable interest. The objective of this study was to analytically determine the volatile components present in EPR and EPDM electrical insulation. This work involved the development of a new analytical technique combining thermogravimetric analysis for isolation and trapping of the volatile components and GC/MS, gas chromatography- mass spectroscopy analysis for identification. A separate water analysis was employed to quantitatively determine water present in the insulations.","PeriodicalId":422317,"journal":{"name":"1982 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123507910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1982.7464461
M. Sens, J. H. Mason
Equipment for automatic thermal cycling tests on power cables is described. Temperature measurements on an auxiliary cable carrying the same current, permit the temperature of the test cable to be controled and recorded while high voltage is applied. Preliminary tests on 15 and 25 kV cables with EP rubber insulation show that there was no deterioration after 20 cycles with the conductor at 90°C and at twice rated voltage (2 V0). The loss tangent of the 25 kV cable increased to about 50% over the initial value after 24 cycles at 130°C, but showed no further deterioration after 24 cycles at 150°C (at 3 V0). No significant discharges occurred in the cables after heat cycling.
{"title":"Evaluating the resistance of power cable insulation to ageing under thermal cycling and over-voltage conditions","authors":"M. Sens, J. H. Mason","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1982.7464461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1982.7464461","url":null,"abstract":"Equipment for automatic thermal cycling tests on power cables is described. Temperature measurements on an auxiliary cable carrying the same current, permit the temperature of the test cable to be controled and recorded while high voltage is applied. Preliminary tests on 15 and 25 kV cables with EP rubber insulation show that there was no deterioration after 20 cycles with the conductor at 90°C and at twice rated voltage (2 V0). The loss tangent of the 25 kV cable increased to about 50% over the initial value after 24 cycles at 130°C, but showed no further deterioration after 24 cycles at 150°C (at 3 V0). No significant discharges occurred in the cables after heat cycling.","PeriodicalId":422317,"journal":{"name":"1982 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131690038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1982.7464451
P. Budenstein
Breakdown occurred in an impulsively excited, composite insulation system in the region of the output spark gap and peaking capacitor of a Marx bank generator, The spark gap system contained 8 gaps in parallel operating in pressurized SFG. Systematic differences were observed in the damage morphology from module to module of the spark gap insulating system. These data were supplemented with voltage waveforms and a knowledge of the history of the system, The analysis yields a reconstruction of the sequence of events associated with growth of breakdown paths, an explanation of distinctive features of the damage configuration, and an estimate of average conduction properties of the gaseous breakdown plasma during two stages of channel development.
{"title":"Failure analysis of a composite insulation system under impulse excitation","authors":"P. Budenstein","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1982.7464451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1982.7464451","url":null,"abstract":"Breakdown occurred in an impulsively excited, composite insulation system in the region of the output spark gap and peaking capacitor of a Marx bank generator, The spark gap system contained 8 gaps in parallel operating in pressurized SFG. Systematic differences were observed in the damage morphology from module to module of the spark gap insulating system. These data were supplemented with voltage waveforms and a knowledge of the history of the system, The analysis yields a reconstruction of the sequence of events associated with growth of breakdown paths, an explanation of distinctive features of the damage configuration, and an estimate of average conduction properties of the gaseous breakdown plasma during two stages of channel development.","PeriodicalId":422317,"journal":{"name":"1982 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124434154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1982.7464476
J. Aceves, I. D. Couper, M. A. Sanchez
Two suggested techniques1, thermal analysis and infra-red spectrophotometrys are used to characterise the deterioration process caused by ultra-violet radiation on polymeric materials. The suggested mechanism of photo-oxidation is presented. A correlation between the depletion of tracking resistance and the oxidation of the polimeric surface was obtained, which was proportional to aging time. Good agreement was obtained, also, between the infra-red spetra with the thermal analysis of new and aged samples; thus, T.A. and I.R. data are presented as two useful tools for characterising polymeric materials which are aged by U.V. radiation.
{"title":"Aging experiments on outdoor composite polymeric materials","authors":"J. Aceves, I. D. Couper, M. A. Sanchez","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1982.7464476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1982.7464476","url":null,"abstract":"Two suggested techniques1, thermal analysis and infra-red spectrophotometrys are used to characterise the deterioration process caused by ultra-violet radiation on polymeric materials. The suggested mechanism of photo-oxidation is presented. A correlation between the depletion of tracking resistance and the oxidation of the polimeric surface was obtained, which was proportional to aging time. Good agreement was obtained, also, between the infra-red spetra with the thermal analysis of new and aged samples; thus, T.A. and I.R. data are presented as two useful tools for characterising polymeric materials which are aged by U.V. radiation.","PeriodicalId":422317,"journal":{"name":"1982 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123738018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1982.7464485
W. Bell, M. Danikas
The a. c. breakdown strength of technical grade transformer oil is dependent on many factors. Some of the factors which have been studied in this paper are the effect of electrode area for brass and steel electrodes, the effect of gap spacing and the effect of oil velocity in the uniform field region (up to a few cm.sec−1). The phenomenon of spark conditioning has also been examined especially the effect of test cell capacitance. A few experiments have also been carried out to measure the effect of added contamination.
{"title":"Factors affecting the breakdown strength of transformer oil","authors":"W. Bell, M. Danikas","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1982.7464485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1982.7464485","url":null,"abstract":"The a. c. breakdown strength of technical grade transformer oil is dependent on many factors. Some of the factors which have been studied in this paper are the effect of electrode area for brass and steel electrodes, the effect of gap spacing and the effect of oil velocity in the uniform field region (up to a few cm.sec−1). The phenomenon of spark conditioning has also been examined especially the effect of test cell capacitance. A few experiments have also been carried out to measure the effect of added contamination.","PeriodicalId":422317,"journal":{"name":"1982 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126274047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1982.7464489
M. Zahn, Masheed Saidi
A one dimensional drift dominated conduction model is used with a flowing charged dielectric to describe the transient and dc steady state electric field and space charge distributions. This work extends past similar work1 but now allows for forced convection of the liquid dielectric in the same or opposite direction of the electric field resulting in convection currents as well as conduction and displacement currents. The resulting governing partial differential equations are of the hyperbolic type and are solved using the method of characteristics. Particular case studies examine the steady state distributions.
{"title":"Effects of fluid flow on the electric field distribution in charged liquid dielectrics","authors":"M. Zahn, Masheed Saidi","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1982.7464489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1982.7464489","url":null,"abstract":"A one dimensional drift dominated conduction model is used with a flowing charged dielectric to describe the transient and dc steady state electric field and space charge distributions. This work extends past similar work1 but now allows for forced convection of the liquid dielectric in the same or opposite direction of the electric field resulting in convection currents as well as conduction and displacement currents. The resulting governing partial differential equations are of the hyperbolic type and are solved using the method of characteristics. Particular case studies examine the steady state distributions.","PeriodicalId":422317,"journal":{"name":"1982 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129013299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-06-01DOI: 10.1109/EIC.1982.7464440
M. Henriksen
An investigation was made on samples of unfilled cured epoxy resins containing artificialy made but naturally formed spherical cavities under such an electrical AC-stress that partial discharges occurred.
{"title":"Pulse analysis on partial discharges in gas filled cavities in epoxy resins","authors":"M. Henriksen","doi":"10.1109/EIC.1982.7464440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1982.7464440","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation was made on samples of unfilled cured epoxy resins containing artificialy made but naturally formed spherical cavities under such an electrical AC-stress that partial discharges occurred.","PeriodicalId":422317,"journal":{"name":"1982 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Insulation","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124355342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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