Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.47979/aror.j.91.2.355-367
Animesh Gupta
{"title":"Popular Imaginings, Political Space and Performative Arts in Swadeshi Bengal","authors":"Animesh Gupta","doi":"10.47979/aror.j.91.2.355-367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.91.2.355-367","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42258,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Orientalni","volume":"2013 35","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135814155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.47979/aror.j.91.2.307-326
Dylan K. Wang
According to James I. Crump, Chinese vernacular fiction is characterized by extensive use of “pastiche,” which includes both verbatim incorporation of other identifiable texts and generic parodies. This penchant finds its supreme manifestation in A Dream of Red Mansions (Honglou meng 紅樓夢). The vast variety of discourses and voices in Dream can be read as a manifestation of heteroglossia, and are intended to function dialogically, in the Bakhtinian senses of these terms. This essay examines the exact circumstances in which the two widely-read full English translations of Dream were produced and compares them in terms of their recognition and treatment of heteroglossia. I argue that although the Yangs’ may be characterized as “literal” in the sense of rendering “word for word,” what Hawkes achieves in his translation should be considered a higher level of literalness in the sense of “text for text.” While Hawkes consistently strives to retain the linguistic hybridity and subtle contrasts in the original, the Yangs often smooth out the checkered texture of the text by adopting a plain “international” English and resorting to copious footnotes.
{"title":"Translating Heteroglossia","authors":"Dylan K. Wang","doi":"10.47979/aror.j.91.2.307-326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.91.2.307-326","url":null,"abstract":"According to James I. Crump, Chinese vernacular fiction is characterized by extensive use of “pastiche,” which includes both verbatim incorporation of other identifiable texts and generic parodies. This penchant finds its supreme manifestation in A Dream of Red Mansions (Honglou meng 紅樓夢). The vast variety of discourses and voices in Dream can be read as a manifestation of heteroglossia, and are intended to function dialogically, in the Bakhtinian senses of these terms. This essay examines the exact circumstances in which the two widely-read full English translations of Dream were produced and compares them in terms of their recognition and treatment of heteroglossia. I argue that although the Yangs’ may be characterized as “literal” in the sense of rendering “word for word,” what Hawkes achieves in his translation should be considered a higher level of literalness in the sense of “text for text.” While Hawkes consistently strives to retain the linguistic hybridity and subtle contrasts in the original, the Yangs often smooth out the checkered texture of the text by adopting a plain “international” English and resorting to copious footnotes.","PeriodicalId":42258,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Orientalni","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135872239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.47979/aror.j.91.2.229-254
Arsen K. Shahinyan
The aim of this article is to restore the church structure in the western lands of Greater Armenia and the whole Lesser Armenia, which, on the eve of the conquests of the Arab Muslims, being part of the Byzantine Empire, belonged either to the Orthodox Patriarchates of Constantinople and Antioch, or to the Armenian Catholicosate of Dwin, and after the start of their conquests they passed in the second half of the 7th c. to the Caliphate. According to calculations by the author, in the early 8th c. there were formed in the lands of the former Armenian provinces of Byzantium three major eparchies of the Syrian Jacobite Church with its see in Antioch, which, like the Armenian Church, firmly adhered to the non-Chalcedonian position and came under the Arabs. Three more Syrian church units were formed in the Armenian lands at the end of the same century. Four of the six Jacobite eparchies were occupied the former canonical territories of the Orthodox Church with Constantinople and Antioch as their sees and two more—the canonical territories of the Armenian Catholicosate in regions of Arzan and Xlat‘.
{"title":"The Organization of the Church Structure in the Armenian Provinces of Byzantium Occupied by Arab Muslims in the second half 7th–8th Centuries","authors":"Arsen K. Shahinyan","doi":"10.47979/aror.j.91.2.229-254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.91.2.229-254","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to restore the church structure in the western lands of Greater Armenia and the whole Lesser Armenia, which, on the eve of the conquests of the Arab Muslims, being part of the Byzantine Empire, belonged either to the Orthodox Patriarchates of Constantinople and Antioch, or to the Armenian Catholicosate of Dwin, and after the start of their conquests they passed in the second half of the 7th c. to the Caliphate. According to calculations by the author, in the early 8th c. there were formed in the lands of the former Armenian provinces of Byzantium three major eparchies of the Syrian Jacobite Church with its see in Antioch, which, like the Armenian Church, firmly adhered to the non-Chalcedonian position and came under the Arabs. Three more Syrian church units were formed in the Armenian lands at the end of the same century. Four of the six Jacobite eparchies were occupied the former canonical territories of the Orthodox Church with Constantinople and Antioch as their sees and two more—the canonical territories of the Armenian Catholicosate in regions of Arzan and Xlat‘.","PeriodicalId":42258,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Orientalni","volume":"2011 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135814143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.47979/aror.j.91.2.327-354
Lingjie Ji
This article examines the Sinologists’ conceptually mediated approach in their studies and translations of Chinese literature in the nineteenth century. Gems of Chinese Literature (1884), compiled and translated by Herbert Allen Giles (1845–1935), contains the English translation of 110 Chinese prose extracts and eight poems from fifty-nine Chinese authors. This article historicizes the genesis and construction of this translation anthology and argues that, though most likely derived from a Chinese guwen (classical prose) collection, it was designed to provide a more systematic view of Chinese literature informed by the concept of national literature. By analysing its organizational strategies, discursive paratexts, and how it deviated from its possible Chinese source, the author demonstrates that Gems of Chinese Literature reveals more complex questions concerning the (re-)conceptualization and representation of Chinese literature at the encounter of Chinese and Western literary paradigms.
本文考察了19世纪汉学家在研究和翻译中国文学时所采用的概念中介方法。《中国文学瑰宝》(1884)由贾尔斯(Herbert Allen Giles, 1845-1935)编译，收录了59位中国作家的110篇散文节选和8首诗歌的英译。本文将把这本翻译文集的起源和构造历史化，并认为，尽管它很可能来源于中国的古文(古典散文)集，但它的目的是在民族文学的概念下，提供一个更系统的中国文学观点。通过分析《中国文学瑰宝》的组织策略、话语文本以及它如何偏离其可能的中国来源，作者表明，《中国文学瑰宝》在中西方文学范式的碰撞中揭示了有关中国文学(重新)概念化和再现的更为复杂的问题。
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Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.47979/aror.j.91.2.279-305
Jianqiang Sun
This paper represents the first attempt to systemically critique the recent forgery theory concerning The Messiah Sutra 序聽迷詩所經 and On One God 一神論, the allegedly earliest Chinese Christian manuscripts created by the first known missionary Aluoben 阿羅本 and used in his discussions with the Tang Emperor Taizong 唐太宗 in the 640s. To achieve this, the paper not only re-reads the original manuscripts, but traces the emergence of the forgery thesis, and also evaluates the skeptics’ arguments with an exposé of the inherent defects. The paper argues that the weakness of the arguments is in itself sufficient basis to discredit the forgery thesis, proposing to abandon the forgery theory and continuously to take The Messiah Sutra and On One God as authentic Chinese Christian religious documents.
{"title":"The Earliest Chinese Christian Manuscripts are Modern Forgeries?","authors":"Jianqiang Sun","doi":"10.47979/aror.j.91.2.279-305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.91.2.279-305","url":null,"abstract":"This paper represents the first attempt to systemically critique the recent forgery theory concerning The Messiah Sutra 序聽迷詩所經 and On One God 一神論, the allegedly earliest Chinese Christian manuscripts created by the first known missionary Aluoben 阿羅本 and used in his discussions with the Tang Emperor Taizong 唐太宗 in the 640s. To achieve this, the paper not only re-reads the original manuscripts, but traces the emergence of the forgery thesis, and also evaluates the skeptics’ arguments with an exposé of the inherent defects. The paper argues that the weakness of the arguments is in itself sufficient basis to discredit the forgery thesis, proposing to abandon the forgery theory and continuously to take The Messiah Sutra and On One God as authentic Chinese Christian religious documents.","PeriodicalId":42258,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Orientalni","volume":"2011 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135814146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.47979/aror.j.91.2.255-278
Dingjian Xie
One of the first things we learn about Christianity in Tang China is the naming of the religion. Naming matters because the name capsulates some basic ideas and conveys metaphorical implications intended by the name-giver in the Chinese context. This paper attempts to trace the origin of identifying and naming Christianity in the Tang dynasty and investigates the meanings and implications of the names as reflected in Chinese Christian texts in Tang. The naming issue of Tang Christianity involves the process of being identified and self-identification. Jingjiao 景教 is a neologism invented around the period of Jingjing, the major contributor to the famous Christian Stele of Tang China. The name, coupled with the toponym Da Qin, can be seen not just in the Xi’an Inscription but also in other surviving manuscripts. Besides, this paper draws attention to the variant character jing 景, which appears in all those inscriptions and manuscripts, and argues that this phenomenon is under the influence of the state name taboo in the realm of the Tang Empire.
{"title":"“Jingjiao”: Naming “Christianity” in the Realm of the Tang Empire (618–907)","authors":"Dingjian Xie","doi":"10.47979/aror.j.91.2.255-278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.91.2.255-278","url":null,"abstract":"One of the first things we learn about Christianity in Tang China is the naming of the religion. Naming matters because the name capsulates some basic ideas and conveys metaphorical implications intended by the name-giver in the Chinese context. This paper attempts to trace the origin of identifying and naming Christianity in the Tang dynasty and investigates the meanings and implications of the names as reflected in Chinese Christian texts in Tang. The naming issue of Tang Christianity involves the process of being identified and self-identification. Jingjiao 景教 is a neologism invented around the period of Jingjing, the major contributor to the famous Christian Stele of Tang China. The name, coupled with the toponym Da Qin, can be seen not just in the Xi’an Inscription but also in other surviving manuscripts. Besides, this paper draws attention to the variant character jing 景, which appears in all those inscriptions and manuscripts, and argues that this phenomenon is under the influence of the state name taboo in the realm of the Tang Empire.","PeriodicalId":42258,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Orientalni","volume":"2013 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.47979/aror.j.91.2.205-228
Pelin Ayan Musil
In the early 2000s, the Justice and Development Party (AKP) rose to power by contesting the electoral dominance of pro-Kurdish parties in the Kurdish-majority provinces of Turkey. The existing literature has accounted for the AKP's popularity among the Kurdish population by providing three distinct perspectives: economic performance, the use of ‘Islam as cement,’ and pledges to safeguard the ethnic rights of the Kurds as a ruling party. This article introduces a more encompassing perspective in understanding the AKP’s popularity among the Kurdish population. It argues that these three issues were encapsulated in the AKP’s outsider identity based on its stance against the injustices committed by the Turkish state. In doing so, the article offers a two-dimensional definition of outsider parties, one dimension based on exclusion from state ideology, the other based on the party’s own discourse. The broader implication of this study is that outsider parties, as part of their power-seeking strategy, can mobilize groups with different political goals by creating a bonding effect among them against a repressive state ideology.
{"title":"The AKP’s Appeal to the Kurdish Vote in Turkey: Exploring the Role of an Outsider Party Identity","authors":"Pelin Ayan Musil","doi":"10.47979/aror.j.91.2.205-228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.91.2.205-228","url":null,"abstract":"In the early 2000s, the Justice and Development Party (AKP) rose to power by contesting the electoral dominance of pro-Kurdish parties in the Kurdish-majority provinces of Turkey. The existing literature has accounted for the AKP's popularity among the Kurdish population by providing three distinct perspectives: economic performance, the use of ‘Islam as cement,’ and pledges to safeguard the ethnic rights of the Kurds as a ruling party. This article introduces a more encompassing perspective in understanding the AKP’s popularity among the Kurdish population. It argues that these three issues were encapsulated in the AKP’s outsider identity based on its stance against the injustices committed by the Turkish state. In doing so, the article offers a two-dimensional definition of outsider parties, one dimension based on exclusion from state ideology, the other based on the party’s own discourse. The broader implication of this study is that outsider parties, as part of their power-seeking strategy, can mobilize groups with different political goals by creating a bonding effect among them against a repressive state ideology.","PeriodicalId":42258,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Orientalni","volume":"82 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-12DOI: 10.47979/AROR.J.81.3.621-624
O. Lomová
{"title":"Timothy Wai Keung Chan. Considering the End: Mortality in Early Medieval Chinese Poetic Representation","authors":"O. Lomová","doi":"10.47979/AROR.J.81.3.621-624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47979/AROR.J.81.3.621-624","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42258,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Orientalni","volume":"17 1","pages":"621-624"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86060186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-15DOI: 10.47979/AROR.J.88.3.525-568
J. Strauss
This article examines the functions and the significance of picture postcards during World War I, with particular reference to the war in the Ottoman Lands and the Balkans, or involving the Turkish Army in Galicia. After the principal types of Kriegspostkarten – sentimental, humorous, propaganda, and artistic postcards (Künstlerpostkarten) – have been presented, the different theatres of war (Balkans, Galicia, Middle East) and their characteristic features as they are reflected on postcards are dealt with. The piece also includes aspects such as the influence of Orientalism, the problem of fake views, and the significance and the impact of photographic postcards, portraits, and photo cards. The role of postcards in book illustrations is demonstrated using a typical example (F. C. Endres, Die Türkei (1916)). The specific features of a collection of postcards left by a German soldier who served in Turkey, Syria, and Iraq during World War I will be presented at the end of this article.
本文考察了第一次世界大战期间图片明信片的功能和意义，特别是在奥斯曼帝国土地和巴尔干半岛的战争，或涉及加利西亚的土耳其军队。在介绍了主要的Kriegspostkarten类型——情感明信片、幽默明信片、宣传明信片和艺术明信片(k nstlerpostkarten)之后，讨论了不同的战场(巴尔干半岛、加利西亚、中东)及其特征，因为它们反映在明信片上。该作品还包括东方主义的影响，假视图的问题，以及摄影明信片，肖像和照片卡的意义和影响等方面。明信片在书籍插图中的作用是用一个典型的例子来说明的(F. C. Endres, Die trkei(1916))。在第一次世界大战期间，一名在土耳其、叙利亚和伊拉克服役的德国士兵留下的明信片集的具体特征将在本文的最后介绍。
{"title":"The Great War of the Postcards","authors":"J. Strauss","doi":"10.47979/AROR.J.88.3.525-568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47979/AROR.J.88.3.525-568","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the functions and the significance of picture postcards during World War I, with particular reference to the war in the Ottoman Lands and the Balkans, or involving the Turkish Army in Galicia. After the principal types of Kriegspostkarten – sentimental, humorous, propaganda, and artistic postcards (Künstlerpostkarten) – have been presented, the different theatres of war (Balkans, Galicia, Middle East) and their characteristic features as they are reflected on postcards are dealt with. The piece also includes aspects such as the influence of Orientalism, the problem of fake views, and the significance and the impact of photographic postcards, portraits, and photo cards. The role of postcards in book illustrations is demonstrated using a typical example (F. C. Endres, Die Türkei (1916)). The specific features of a collection of postcards left by a German soldier who served in Turkey, Syria, and Iraq during World War I will be presented at the end of this article.","PeriodicalId":42258,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Orientalni","volume":"10 1","pages":"525-568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90773143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-15DOI: 10.47979/AROR.J.88.3.595-603
Abdulhamit Kırmızı
{"title":"The Untimely Sources of World War I","authors":"Abdulhamit Kırmızı","doi":"10.47979/AROR.J.88.3.595-603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47979/AROR.J.88.3.595-603","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42258,"journal":{"name":"Archiv Orientalni","volume":"46 1","pages":"595-603"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88697941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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